Influence of Liquidity on Profitability of Commercial Bank’s in Bangladesh

This paper aims to drill down the impact of liquidity on commercial bank’s profitability in the banking sector of Bangladesh. To attain a sound outcome this paper used a sample of 10 commercial banks that are enlisted in Dhaka Stock Exchange. The duration of collecting data was from 2012 to 2019. For attaining the objective properly the paper used four measures of liquidity such as loan to deposit ratio, deposits to assets ratio, loan to asset ratio, and cash deposit ratio. Return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) is another measure to analyze the impact on profitability. The outcome of this paper states that the impact of liquidity on commercial bank’s profitability in Bangladesh is not statistically significant. Keywords: Profitability, ROE, ROA, Liquidity, loan to deposit ratio, deposits to assets ratio, loan to asset ratio, and cash deposit ratio. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-14-11 Publication date:July 31st 202

Effect of Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Recurrent pregnancy Loss is defined as the sequence of 2 or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology before 20 weeks. It is a relatively common event, occurring in 15%-25% of pregnancies, and increasing in prevalence with maternal age. The causes of recurrent abortion are complex & obscure. More than one factor may operate in a case. Identification and treatment of problems significantly increases the successful outcome in most cases. Recurrent pregnancy loss can be correlated with Puthraghni Yonivyapath and Garbhasravivandhya explained in Ayurvedic classics. Puthraghni is a clinical entity characterised by repeated pregnancy loss due to excessive intake of Rooksha Ahara and Vihara which results in repeated pregnancy losses. Ayurveda advises to do Shodhana Karma or purificatory therapies ending with Uttara Vasthi in recurrent losses. The study design was Prospective single arm interventional study conducted in the OPD and IPD of Govt. Ayurveda college hospital for Women and Children, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram with the study population of females of age group 20-38, diagnosed with RPL. IP management was done for 1 month followed by internal administration of Phala Sarpis as Vicharana Snehapana 10ml twice daily morning and evening ½ hour before food and Vilwadi Gulika 1 tab twice daily after food was also given for 2 months. After 15 months after the follow up period, Statistical analysis was done and Percentage of live births was assessed. Even though percentage of live births is 42.3, the success rate can be considered as 46.15% as the 1 patient to be delivered has completed 34 weeks of gestation and successfully continuing the pregnancy

Analytical study on indications of primary cesarean section in tertiary care hospital

Background: Cesarean delivery is a commonest obstetric surgical procedure performed. WHO stated that regional cesarean section rate should not exceed 10 to 15%. However in many countries cesarean delivery has increased steadily over years. Hence present study is conducted to analyze various indications of primary cesarean section in a tertiary hospital, with an aim to reduce cesarean section rate.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Cheluvamba hospital, Mysore Medical College Research Institute, Mysore, which is a tertiary care centre. For a period of 6months from 1st June 2018 to 31st November 2018Inclusion criteria: All primary cesarean section done at Cheluvamba hospital during study period were included.Exclusion criteria: Previous cesarean section, patients with previous history of laparotomy done for any obstetric or gynecological cause were excluded.Results: During the study period there was 3799 number of cesarean section. Amongst these 983 cases were primary cesarean section done for varying indications. Hence the rate of cesarean section in our hospital is 25.87%. There were 40.3% cases of fetal distress, failed induction (13.6%), breech (10%), CPD (8%), IUGR with poor BPP (1.8%) Ante partum haemorrhage (3%), DTA (3.5%).Conclusions: From our study, we would conclude that rising trend in cesarean section is an alarming issue. Measures need to be taken to reduce cesarean delivery like Regular use of partograph, Judicious use of amniotomy, oxytocin with inducing agents, Expertization of skills to conduct instrumental vaginal delivery, which is a lost art in modern obstetrics

Preserved to preservative free prostaglandin analogues in primary open angle glaucoma

Glaucoma affecting 60 million people all over the world and it will be 80 million till 2020. There are approximately 11.2 million persons aged 40 years and older with glaucoma in India. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is commonest type, affecting 2/3rd of glaucoma patients. POAG is estimated to affect 6.48 million persons. The estimated number with primary angle-closure glaucoma is 2.54 million.POAG develops gradually and take long time to get detected and require long term treatment with topical prostaglandin analogues (PGF2) which is the most common as well as most widely used drugs. These PGF2 analogues need to be taken for longer time and more prone to develop adverse drug reactions. Common ADR seen with PG analogues are irritation on instillation, foreign body sensation, dryness of eyes, pain in eye, increased pigmentation of iris, increased eyelash growth, changes in periorbital sulcus and fat. Some ADRs (Adverse Drug Reaction) are explained by the inherent properties of Prostaglandins and those are not explained are because of preservative used in medication and these ADRs can be minimised by using preservative free drug like Tafluprost which are having same efficacy in decreasing IOP

Environment degradation by chemical effluents along the Kayalpatinam coast of Gulf of Mannar with special reference to mercury

Studies were carried out on the level of mercury and other water quality parameters in the effluent lagoon of Dharangadhara Chemical Works, Tuticorin and the adjacent open sea over a period of three years and the impact of effluent discharge in bulk quantity into the coastal marine environment, over a distance of 18 km. The present study indicated that the presence of mercury, acidity and low oxygen concentration are the major impacts of effluent discharge. The mean concentration of mercury in the open sea during 1999 – 2002, was 4.7 μg. l-1 which got reduced to 1.68 μg. l-1 after five years, indicating the improvement of effluent treatment measures. However the mercury levels are still higher compared to those reported elsewhere. Except for salinity and pH, no statistically significant difference was observed in the variation of other parameters between stations during 1999-2002, but highly significant differences were observed in the variation of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, pH and salinity between stations during 2007-2008

Influence of salinity on hatching rate, larval and early juvenile rearing of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Jaeger

The fertilized eggs, auricularia larvae and one month old juveniles of Holothuria scabra, obtained from induced spawning were used for various experiments to assess the effect of salinity on hatching rate and larval and early juvenile growth. The experiments were conducted for two days on hatching rate of fertilized eggs, for ten days on larval survival, growth and development and for 30 days on juvenile’s growth rate. The maximum hatching of 39% at 35 ppt, followed by 32% at 33 ppt indicated the suitability of an ambient salinity of 33 to 35 ppt for effective hatching of fertilized eggs. High survival, growth rate and fastest development of auricularia were obtained at salinity between 33 and 35 ppt. The maximum growth rate in length and weight, was at 30 ppt, which may be the optimum for juvenile rearing. The one way ANOVA on differences in the hatching rate, larval growth and survival rate and juvenile growth rate at different salinities indicated high level of significance (p<0.001 )

Stock enhancement of seacucumbers - a solution for the depletion of natural stocks of Holothuria scabra along Gulf of Mannar

Sea cucumbers form a valuable source of income for the poor fisherfolk along Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay areas of South-east-coast of India. Owing to the high demand in international market and inadequate fishery management practice, the commercial sea cucumber species have been over-exploited leading to the extinction of sea cucumber populations in several habitats. The "Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora" (CITES) has recommended inclusion of sea cucumbers in the list of endangered animals and cited the reasons as limited mobility, late sexual maturity, density depended reproduction, low rates of recruitment and ease of collections for their overexploitation and subsequent resource depletion. The releasing of hatchery produced juveniles of commercial sea cucumber species to their natural habitat, a process called restoration, restocking or reseeding is gaining momentum world wide, as the only way for replenishing the depleted stock of sea cucumbers

Microbial Metabolism and Inhibition Studies of Phenobarbital

Purpose: Screening scale studies were performed with eight cultures for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital, an antiepileptic, sedative, hypnotic and substrate for CYP 2C9 and 2C19.Methods: The transformation of phenobarbital was confirmed and characterized by fermentation techniques, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and metabolism inhibition studies.Results: Among the different cultures screened, a fungus, Rhizopus stolonifer NCIM 880, transformed phenobarbital to its metabolite, the N-glucuronide of p- hydroxy phenobarbital. HPLC data show a solvent peak at 2.4 min, culture components peaks at 4.0 and 5.4 min, respectively, and phenobarbital peak at 10.3 min, for both controls and test samples, but only the sample of Rhizopus stolonifer showed an additional peak at 3.1 min, indicating formation of a metabolite.Conclusion: Microbial metabolism of phenobarbital was similar to the metabolism of the drug in mammals. Therefore, Rhizopus stolonifer can be used as a suitable in vitro model to mimic CYP 2C9 metabolism and to synthesize metabolites required for further pharmacological and toxicological studies.Keywords: Microbial metabolism, Phenobarbital, Inhibition studies, Rhizopus stolonifer, CYP 2C9, Fenofibrat

Assessment on maternal and fetal outcome of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus during labour

A study to assess the maternal and fetal outcome of mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during labour in selected hospitals at Kanyakumari district. Descriptive research design and retrospective observational cohort design were adopted for this study. Purposive and convenient sampling technique was used to assess the maternal and fetal outcome. The experiences of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus were recorded.150 samples in quantitative and 30 samples in qualitative study were selected. A record of past 5 years was observed. Questionnaire method is used to extrapolate the experience of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Demographic variables like age, type of food and clinical variables like gestational weeks during labour, weight gain during pregnancy, mode of delivery and fetal birth weight was used to assess maternal and fetal outcome. The researcher conducted the study for 4 weeks. The findings revealed that, in maternal outcome, none of the mothers with Gestational diabetes mellitus had good outcome, 124(82.7%) had average outcome, 26(17.3%) had poor outcome. In Fetal outcome none of them had good outcome, 137(91.3%) had average outcome, 13(8.7%) had poor outcome. The demographic variables such as age, type of food and clinical variables such as gestational weeks during labour, weight gain during pregnancy, mode of delivery and fetal birth weight were recorded. In maternal outcome there is no a significant association between demographic variables and maternal outcome. The calculated value of fetal birth weight (maternal outcome) is 38.60 which is significant at p<0.05. Hence hypothesis (H1) is accepted. In fetal outcome there is no a significant association between demographic variables and fetal outcome and there is no a significant association between clinical variables and fetal outcome. Hence hypothesis H2is rejected. As per the study the researcher concludes that there was an average outcome of maternal and fetal outcome in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus during labour