1H NMR and kinetics studies of the reaction of 4-methyl, 4-bromo and 3-trifluoromethyl benzyltriflones with aromatic nitro-compounds

AbstractRate measurements are reported for the reactions in methanol of carbanions derived from benzyltriflones, 2a–c, with 4-nitrobenzofurazan derivatives, 4a and 4b, to give anionic σ-adducts. 1H NMR studies in DMSO-d6 of the reaction of benzyltriflones, 2, and 4-nitrobenzofurazan, 4a, in the presence of triethylamine are consistent with products formed by the elimination of trifluoromethyl sulfinic acid from σ-adducts initially formed by carbanion attack at the 5-position of 4a. Evidence for the high steric requirements of the benzyltriflone anions come from the low value of β; the slope of the linear plot of values of logk5 versus pKa

City tumour board Karachi: an innovative step in multidisciplinary consensus meeting and its two years audit.

Management of cancer patients is a team work which usually comprises of surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, psychiatrist, nutritionist and a nurse. Any patient who is suffering from any tumour needs a multimodality meeting as cancer treatment is not a single persons job. Most of the time, it is difficult to get the whole team together for a plan discussion due to their busy schedule. This problem was overcome by starting a tumour board meeting early morning of Sunday in Karachi which was named City Tumour Board (CTB) Karachi . Its first meeting was held on Sunday March 28, 2010 and since then it takes place regularly fortnightly. Till March 2012, 44 sessions were conducted and total 264 cases were discussed. Here we present an audit of these two years. On average, in 60% of cases, tumour was up (36%) or down staged (12%) while in 52% of cases the stage remained unchanged. In 70% of cases (inclusive of above 60%), initial treatment plan was changed after discussion in the tumour board. This data signifies the importance of tumour board especially in a Pakistani setup where patient and even referring persons are not well aware of this disease and its outcome. It is advisable that every case should be discussed in tumour board before embarking on any treatment so that the best treatment plan can be given. It is also important that all relevant specialists should be present in the tumour board when planning for any treatment

PRIMARY MALIGNANT MELANOMA UTERINE CERVIX

A 40-year-old premenopausal female presented with foul-smelling per vaginal discharge for 3 months. Diagnostic work revealed a locally advanced primary malignant melanoma of uterine cervix. The patient declined pelvic surgery and was treated with Dacarbazine. Malignant melanoma is a rare tumour of skin and has been ranked in the top ve cancers of Australia and Sweden. It is a tumour of melanocytes which forms melanin pigment in the skin. In men, the most common site is trunk while in females common site is limbs. However, melanoma can arise from mucosal surfaces where the melanocytes are present. Most common mucosal sites are head and neck followed by female genital tract. Key words: Cervix, dacarbazine, malignant melanoma

A Marketplace for Efficient and Secure Caching for IoT Applications in 5G Networks

As the communication industry is progressing towards fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, the traffic it carries is also shifting from high data rate traffic from cellular users to a mixture of high data rate and low data rate traffic from Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Moreover, the need to efficiently access Internet data is also increasing across 5G networks. Caching contents at the network edge is considered as a promising approach to reduce the delivery time. In this paper, we propose a marketplace for providing a number of caching options for a broad range of applications. In addition, we propose a security scheme to secure the caching contents with a simultaneous potential of reducing the duplicate contents from the caching server by dividing a file into smaller chunks. We model different caching scenarios in NS-3 and present the performance evaluation of our proposal in terms of latency and throughput gains for various chunk sizes

¿Qué es Astragalus wiesneri? Delimitando una nueva especie en la sección Anthylloidei

Here, we describe and illustrate a new alpine species of Astragalus sect. Anthylloidei from Iran. Astragalus wiesneri sp. nov., an interesting and rare species, is only known from the type locality in the Bul Mountain (near Eghlid city) in the southern Zagros Mountains. The new species is compared with close relatives, including A. nigrohirsutus and A. lalesarensis, which are also endemic to Iran. In addition, we assembled a dataset of nrDNA ITS sequences of 21 species (22 accessions) representing A. sect. Anthylloidei and ten species of other related spiny-cushion forming sections. Maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian Inference retrieved A. wiesneri sister to A. nigrohirsutus, a species growing in the same area as the new species. The description of A. wiesneri is presented along with a distribution map, some ecological information, field images, conservation status, and pertinent notes.Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie alpina de Irán, perteneciente a Astragalus sect. Anthylloidei. Astragalus wiesneri sp. nov., una especie hasta ahora desconocida, crece en las zonas altas del Monte Bul al sur de los Montes Zagros. La nueva especie se comparó con especies afines incluyendo A. nigrohirsutus y A. lalesarensis, también endémicas de Irán. Además del examen morfológico, se construyó una matriz de datos moleculares representando 21 especies (22 especímenes) de A. sect. Anthylloidei y 10 especies de otras secciones del género que incluyen arbustos almohadillados espinosos. Se realizaron análisis filogenéticos de secuencias de la región ITS del ADN ribosómico nuclear. Los análisis moleculares indican que A. wiesneri es hermana de A. nigrohirsutus, una especie con la que vive en simpatría. La descripción morfológica de A. wiesneri va acompañada de un mapa de distribución, información ecológica, imágenes de campo, estado de conservación y comentarios relevantes

Use of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in geopolymer masonry mortar manufacturing

The feasibility of partially replacing pulverized fly ash (PFA) with municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) to produce ambient-cured geopolymers was investigated. The influence of mixture design parameters on the compressive strength of geopolymer paste was studied. The investigated parameters included MSWIFA dosage, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH), the ratio of liquid to solid (L/S) alkaline activator, and the ratio of SH molar. A water immersion method was selected as a pretreatment process for MSWIFA, leading to effectively maintaining the volume stability of the MSWIFA/PFA geopolymer. The mixture of 30% treated MSWIFA and 70% PFA with 12 M SS, 0.5 L/S ratio, and 3.0 SS/SH ratio produced the highest three-day compressive strength (4.9 MPa). Based on the optimal paste mixture, category four masonry mortars (according to JGJT98-2011) were prepared to replace various ratios of natural sand with fine recycling glasses. Up to a 30% replacement ratio, the properties of the mortars complied with the limits established by JGJT98-2011. The twenty-eight-day leaching rate of mortars containing 30% MSWIFA was lower than the limits proposed by GB5085.3-2007. Microstructural analysis indicated that the main reaction product was a combination of calcium silicate hydrate gel and aluminosilicate gel

East Mediterr Health J

Background: The emergence and re-emergence of viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) is a growing concern worldwide. They are associated with major epidemics with an estimated 51-101 million cases each year, of which around 67 000 are fatal. In 2007, 13 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region reported VHF cases. Aims: The main purpose of the study was to review the epidemiological situation in the Region vis-a-vis VHFs to obtain baseline epidemiological information for the establishment of the Emerging Dangerous Pathogen Laboratory Network (EDPLN). Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, ProMED-Mail and GIDEON databases. Reported data included disease burden (reported cases and deaths), human prevalence (general population, high-risk groups), vectors and reservoirs. A scoring method was employed to divide countries into 4 groups (very highly, highly, medium and low affected countries). Results: Very highly affected countries were Afghanistan, Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. Highly affected countries were Djibouti, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Tunisia and Yemen. Medium affected countries were Iraq, Somalia and United Arab Emirates. Low affected countries were Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Qatar and Syrian Arab Republic. Conclusions: This study contributes in prioritizing countries to be part of EDPLN and in addressing specific needs related to outbreak investigations, surveillance and research