Clasificación de cálculos renales con técnicas de Deep Learning

En este proyecto se propone una herramienta de clasificación automática de imágenes basada en algoritmos de visión por computador. El objetivo es obtener una clasificación que permita identificar el tipo de un cálculo renal. Para realizar dicho clasificador se han estudiado diferentes técnicas relacionadas con los últimos avances en análisis de cálculos renales, y analizado el potencial de las Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Posteriormente se explica el desarrollo del clasificador que consta de tres partes principales: aplicación de la técnica fine-tune a una red neuronal, preprocesamiento de las imágenes y pruebas de clasificación. Los resultados obtenidos a lo largo del desarrollo de este proyecto son positivos para el futuro, aunque no se hayan obtenido unos resultados excesivamente buenos, hemos podido comprobar que, una Convolutional Neural Network, con multitud de imágenes puede llegar a mejorar los resultados obtenidos con los clasificadores que se usaban previamente.This project proposes an automated image classification tool based in computer vision algorithms. The final objetive is to classify kidney stones. To develop this tool we have first carried out a research on the State-of-the-art of renal calculi analysis methods and the efficiency of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After that, we propose our classification methodology which consists in three main stages: applying the fine-tune technique, image preprocessing, and testing the classification. The results of this project are very hopeful even though the results have not been too high because the Convolutional Neural Network results would increase as we increase the number of images.En aquest projecte es proposa una eina de classificació automàtica d'imatges basada en algoritmes de visió per computador. L'objectiu es obtenir una classificació que permeti identificar el tipus d'un càlcul renal. Per a realitzar el clasificador s'han d'estudiar diferents tècniques relacionades amb els últims avenços en anàlisi de càlculs renals, i analitzar el potencial de les Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Posteriorment s'explica el desenvolupament del classificador que consta de tres parts principals: aplicació de la tècnica fine-tune a una red neuronal, preprocessament de les imatges i proves de classificació. Els resultats obtinguts durant el desenvolupament d'aquest projecte son positius per al futur, encara que no s'hagin obtingut uns resultats excessivament bons, hem pogut comprovar que, una Convolutional Neural Network, amb multitud d'imatges pot arrbar a millorar els resultats obtinguts amb els classificadors que s'usaven previament

El paisaje como modelo

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.7 - Per a 2030, proporcionar accés universal a zones verdes i espais públics segurs, inclusius i accessibles, en particular per a les dones i els infants, les persones grans i les persones amb discapacita

Cipriano de Rivas Cherif en el Teatro Español de Madrid (1930-1936)

Cipriano de Rivas Cherif (1891-1967), pionero en la introducción de la figura del director de escena en España, es una figura clave para entender los intentos de renovación de la escena teatral española de la primera mitad del siglo XX. El presente trabajo tratará de analizar su labor como director de escena dentro del Teatro Español de Madrid, en el que ocupó el puesto de asesor artístico de la compañía de Margarita Xirgu entre 1930 y 1936, aportando una visión general de los criterios que se siguieron a la hora de realizar los montajes

Estacion ambiental muntisensorial

Para la realización del proyecto fin de carrera, se ha desarrollado un sistema electrónico capaz de adquirir varias variables ambientales, compuesto por sensores electrónicos controlado por un microcontrolador. La comunicación entre los diferentes dispositivos se ha realizado mediante el protocolo de comunicación I2C. Dentro de las diferentes variables ambientales posibles, se han escogido, temperatura, humedad, presión, luz y sonido ambiente. El usuario puede pedir al sistema cada una de estas variables y este las procesa y envía al PC donde el usuario las interpreta. El dispositivo es capaz de mantener una autonomía propia, gracias a una batería recargable, además de disponer de un sistema de carga para ésta, conectado el sistema a un bus de alimentación. La transmisión inalámbrica de datos se realiza mediante el sistema ZigBee de comunicación, capaz de enviar pequeños paquetes de datos al PC. El sistema dispone de una memoria EEPROM para almacenar datos de diferentes sensores o datos, así como una RTC para llevar un control de la fecha y hora del sistema. Primero se hizo una selección de los componentes a usar, después de haber realizado una búsqueda de las posibilidades del mercado. Se diseñó la PCB aplicando las normas de fabricación que nos imponía el taller de la universidad. Realizamos el diseño del firmware de programa para el funcionamiento del sistema. Con ello se llevaron a cabo pruebas del sistema por separado, de todos los componentes. Tras las diferentes pruebas se rediseño una nueva PCB con los problemas detectados, y por ultimo de redacto la memoria

Thermal reference points as an index for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals

BACKGROUND Monitoring body temperature is essential in veterinary care as minor variations may indicate dysfunction. Rectal temperature is widely used as a proxy for body temperature, but measuring it requires special equipment, training or restraining, and it potentially stresses animals. Infrared thermography is an alternative that reduces handling stress, is safer for technicians and works well for untrained animals. This study analysed thermal reference points in five marine mammal species: bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas); Patagonian sea lion (Otaria flavescens); harbour seal (Phoca vitulina); and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). RESULTS The thermogram analysis revealed that the internal blowhole mucosa temperature is the most reliable indicator of body temperature in cetaceans. The temperatures taken during voluntary breathing with a camera held perpendicularly were practically identical to the rectal temperature in bottlenose dolphins and were only 1 °C lower than the rectal temperature in beluga whales. In pinnipeds, eye temperature appears the best parameter for temperature control. In these animals, the average times required for temperatures to stabilise after hauling out, and the average steady-state temperature values, differed according to species: Patagonian sea lions, 10 min, 31.13 °C; harbour seals, 10 min, 32.27 °C; Pacific walruses, 5 min, 29.93 °C. CONCLUSIONS The best thermographic and most stable reference points for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals are open blowhole in cetaceans and eyes in pinnipeds

Introducing autonomous vehicles into an unergraduate engineering course

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are of great interest for the automotive industry and are expected to revolutionize mobility and public transportation. The university can contribute to the design and development of autonomous vehicles both in the field of teaching and in research and technology transfer. In this paper, it is described how this topic is introduced in an undergraduate engineering course, “Implementation of Automatic Control Systems (IACS)”. The IACS course is based on project based learning (PBL) and learning by doing methodologies. Several practical examples that correspond to real automatic systems are discussed throughout the course and one of them, a low-cost AV to which a Raspberry pi has been adapted, forms the basis for a final project of the course. The control algorithms are developed on MATLAB/SIMULINK and are sent to the Raspberry through a wireless communication network. The control objective of the system is the automatic guidance of the vehicle through a single lane indoor closed circuit, the detection and identification of different traffic signals and the automatic response to these signals. Students check the behavior of the vehicle and proceed to make improvements. Based on the assessment of the students and the robustness of the autonomous vehicles, it is time to consolidate this type of project within the course. Students that want to get deeper into the matter have the opportunity to do a final degree project related with the AV

Measurement of anti-DFS70 antibodies in patients with ANA-associated autoimmune rheumatic diseases suspicion is cost-effective

The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is associated with a wide range of ANA-associated autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AARD). The most commonly method used for the detection of ANA is indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells. This method is very sensitive but unspecific. As a consequence, ANA testing on HEp-2 substrates outside a proper clinical specialist framework may lead to inappropriate referrals to tertiary care specialists and, worst case inappropriate and potentially toxic therapy for the patient. Among ANA, isolated anti-DFS70 antibodies represent a potentially important biomarker that can be clinically used to discriminate AARD from non-AARD patients in ANA IIF positive individuals. Therefore, their presence may avoid unnecessary follow-up testing and referrals. In our study, we investigated if the implementation of a new ANA workup algorithm allowing for the identification of anti- DFS70 antibodies is cost-effective through the reduction of both unnecessary follow-up testing and outpatient clinic visits generated by the clinical suspicion of a potential AARD. None of the 181 patients included with a positive monospecific anti-DFS70 antibody result developed SARD during the follow-up period of 10 years. The reduction in number of tests after ANA and anti-DFS70 positive results was significant for anti-ENA (230 vs. 114 tests; p\0.001) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (448 vs. 114 tests; p\0.001). In addition, the outpatient clinic visits decreased by 70 % (p\0.001). In total, the adoption of the new algorithm including anti-DFS70 antibody testing resulted in a cost saving of 60869.53 € for this pilot study. In conclusion, the use of anti-DFS70 antibodies was clearly cost-efficient in our setting

Un recurso virtual de apoyo al profesorado universitario para la evaluación de competencias

La evaluación de los aprendizajes dentro del contexto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior exige desarrollar competencias docentes nuevas porque los planteamientos formativos son diferentes así como los escenarios profesionales donde se desarrollará una parte importante de la docencia. En consecuencia la continuidad de la evaluación tradicional a base de pruebas de papel y lápiz va a ser parcialmente inviable. Sobre ese problema de la evaluación y sobre el resto de los elementos docentes implicados se ha llevado a cabo una investigación en 5 universidades españolas para determinar primeramente y mediante procedimientos de acuerdo social (grupos de discusión) y de encuesta las competencias docentes clave percibidas por el profesorado como imprescindibles para dar respuesta a este desafío; entre ellas se describieron 11 competencias para la evaluación. En un segundo momento se ha realizado on-line una valoración de las necesidades de formación que el profesorado encuestado entendía tener respecto a las competencias antes identificadas. Los datos obtenidos permiten afirmar que el profesorado encuestado percibe un bloque mayoritario de competencias clave relacionadas con el manejo de los diferentes elementos del sistema de evaluación del alumnado; el resto del bagaje competencial evaluador se relaciona con el aprovechamiento de la información obtenida en el proceso para la mejora de la propia práctica docente. Las necesidades de formación detectadas señalan la evaluación en contextos nuevos de enseñanza aprendizaje y la elaboración de instrumentos de evaluación como ámbitos preferentes para la formación continua así como la necesidad de particularizar en centros y titulaciones dicha oferta de formación.Educational assessment in the teaching context of European Higher Education Area demands specific assessment competencies to university lecturers; main reason is because educational background as well as the learning arenas is going to change substantially in the higher education system of Europe along de next decades. Subsequently traditional pen-and-pencil assessment practices will be of scarce utility for the feature teaching-and-learning processes. A research project has been conducted to identify teaching competencies perceived by lecturers as key-competencies for the new situation. Managing focus-group and survey technics eleven assessment competencies were firstly identified; a need training assessment process on such evaluation competencies have been executed afterward. Research data point out to a majority handful of competencies related with the management of strategies to assess student learning process and outcomes; the minority group speaks on competencies to integrate global assessment information on improving teaching practice. Finally some training need have been stated as assessment strategies in new learning environments, assessment technics, as well as the need of planning context-related (in-service) training offers

The Hydrological Balance in Micro-Watersheds Is Affected by Climate Change and Land Use Changes

Temperate forests are key to the balance and provision of hydrological and environmental services. Currently, these forests are subject to human alterations as well as to the effects of global change, including warming, variability, deforestation, and forest fires. As a consequence, the hydrological balance has been modified. The present study simulates the effects of climate change and land use change on the hydrological balance of micro-watersheds in Mexico using the hydrological model Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP). The land use change between 1995 and 2021 was estimated to establish a baseline. Climate scenario SSP585 was projected using three global models, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, and CNRM-CM6-1 by the 2081–2100 horizon, along with two scenarios of land use change: one with forest permanence and another with loss of forest cover and increased forest fires. Results indicate that future climatic conditions will modify the hydrological balance at the microbasin level. Even with positive conditions of forest permanence, increases in surface runoff of 124% (CNRM), 35% (HadGEM3), and 13% (MPI) are expected. The projections of coverage loss and fires showed surface runoff increases of 338% (CNRM), 188% (HadGEM3), and 143% (MPI). In the high areas of the microbasins where temperate forest predominates, climatic variations could be contained. If the forest is conserved, surface runoff decreases by −70% (CNRM), −87% (HadGEM3), and −89% (MPI). Likewise, the moisture in the soil increases. In areas with temperate forests, there will be modifications of the hydrological balance mainly due to the increase in evapotranspiration (due to the increase in temperature and precipitation). This will cause a significant decrease in flow and interflow. The alteration of these flows will decrease water availability in soil for infiltration. It is expected that the availability of hydrological and environmental services will be compromised in the entire study area due to climate change