Recyclable and reusable nano-CuFe2O4 catalyzed C-O cross-coupling

An efficient protocol was developed and validated for the synthesis of biaryl/aryl alkyl ethers using CuFe2O4 nano powder as a recyclable catalyst via the reaction between aryl halides and phenols/alcohols. Variety of aryl ethers were synthesized efficiently in the presence of catalytic amount of CuFe2O4, KOH as base, under ligand free conditions in nitrogen atmosphere with DMSO as solvent at 120 oC. The catalyst is air-stable, inexpensive, magnetically separable and recyclable up to four cycles

Special Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Two-Component Outflow Powered by Magnetic Explosion on Compact Stars

The nonlinear dynamics of outflows driven by magnetic explosion on the surface of a compact star is investigated through special relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We adopt, as the initial equilibrium state, a spherical stellar object embedded in hydrostatic plasma which has a density $\rho(r) \propto r^{- \alpha}$ and is threaded by a dipole magnetic field. The injection of magnetic energy at the surface of compact star breaks the equilibrium and triggers a two-component outflow. At the early evolutionary stage, the magnetic pressure increases rapidly around the stellar surface, initiating a magnetically driven outflow. A strong forward shock driven outflow is then excited. The expansion velocity of the magnetically driven outflow is characterized by the Alfv\'en velocity on the stellar surface, and follows a simple scaling relation $v_{\rm mag} \propto {v_{\rm A}}^{1/2}$. When the initial density profile declines steeply with radius, the strong shock is accelerated self-similarly to relativistic velocity ahead of the magnetically driven component. We find that it evolves according to a self-similar relation $\Gamma_{\rm sh} \propto r_{\rm sh}$, where $\Gamma_{\rm sh}$ is the Lorentz factor of the plasma measured at the shock surface $r_{\rm sh}$. Purely hydrodynamic process would be responsible for the acceleration mechanism of the shock driven outflow. Our two-component outflow model, which is the natural outcome of the magnetic explosion, can provide a better understanding of the magnetic active phenomena on various magnetized compact stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 15 pages, 2 tables, 17 figure

Ab-initio study of disorder effects on the electronic and magnetic structures of Sr2_2FeMoO6_6

We have investigated the electronic structure of ordered and disordered Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$ using {\it ab-initio} band structure methods. The effect of disorder was simulated within super-cell calculations to realize several configurations with mis-site disorders. It is found that such disorder effects destroy the half-metallic ferro-magnetic state of the ordered compound. It also leads to a substantial reduction of the magnetic moments at the Fe sites in the disordered configurations. Most interestingly, it is found for the disordered configurations, that the magnetic coupling within the Fe sub-lattice as well as that within the Mo sub-lattice always remain ferro-magnetic, while the two sub-lattices couple anti-ferromagnetically, in close analogy to the magnetic structure of the ordered compound, but in contrast to recent suggestions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Josephson current in s-wave superconductor / Sr_2RuO_4 junctions

The Josephson current between an s-wave and a spin-triplet superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ (SRO) is studied theoretically. In spin-singlet / spin-triplet superconductor junctions, there is no Josephson current proportional to $\sin \phi$ in the absence of the spin-flip scattering near junction interfaces, where $\phi$ is a phase-difference across junctions. Thus a dominant term of the Josephson current is proportional to $\sin 2\phi$ . The spin-orbit scattering at the interfaces gives rise to the Josephson current proportional to $\cos\phi$, which is a direct consequence of the chiral paring symmetry in SRO

A Study on the Construction of Theories of Frameworks for Early Childhood Care and Education

今日の環境を通しての教育において、保育全体を構造化しようとする保育構造論は、保育全体の中で今の実践がどう位置づくのかを理解する上で活かされると考えられる。この観点に立って保育構造論を構築しようとするとき、例外があることや作り直すものであることを前提にし、保育者の受けとめ方も考慮する必要がある。これらの点を踏まえた上で、保育実践構造論と保育内容構造論とに場合分けして活かし方について考察した上で、それぞれの構築を進めていく必要があろう。特に、保育内容構造論については、カリキュラム等と共に、基本的な考え方として頭に入れておけば、保育者が豊かな指導をより確実に実現できるものを構築する必要がある。また、それを活用する保育者も、保育に関する知識と共に、人間として望ましい文化とか人の育ちの過程とかに関する知識を積み重ねていく必要があろう

Atomic scale 0-pi transition in a high-Tc superconductor/ferromagnetic-insulator/high-T superconductor Josephson junction

We study the Josephson transport in a high-Tc superconductor/ferromagnetic-insulator(FI)/high-Tc superconductor numerically. We found the formation of a pi-junction in such systems. More remarkably the ground state of such junction alternates between 0- and pi-states when thickness of FI is increasing by a single atomic layer. We propose an experimental setup for observing the atomic-scale 0-pi transition. Such FI-based pi-junctions can be used to implement highly-coherent quantum bits.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Treatment effects of rhBMP‐2 on invasiveness of oral carcinoma cell lines

Objective: To determine if recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) has biological effects on the invasiveness of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCA) cell lines. Study Design: Laboratory investigation using six human OSCCA cell lines, with three cell lines having baseline gene expression of BMP‐2 and three cell lines without baseline gene expression of BMP‐2. Methods: The invasiveness of each cell line was measured using a matrigel invasion assay with or without stimulation by rhBMP‐2. A tumor metastasis quantitative PCR array was used to establish whether observed findings from the invasion assay correlated to changes in gene expression. Results: There was a significant increase in tumor cell invasion in response to rhBMP‐2 in all BMP‐2 positive cell lines but no change in the cell lines that did not express the BMP‐2 gene. Quantitative PCR revealed that changes in gene expression were distinctly different based on the baseline gene expression of BMP‐2 and favored a more metastatic genotype in the BMP‐2‐positive cells. Conclusions: Recombinant human BMP‐2 has an adverse biological effect on invasiveness of human OSCCA cell lines in vitro. This adverse effect is dependent on the baseline gene expression of BMP‐2. Changes in expression of genes involved with tumor metastasis correlated to the invasion assay findings. These data raise concern for the safe application of rhBMP‐2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87137/1/21914_ftp.pd

Josephson Effect between Condensates with Different Internal Structures

A general formula for Josephson current in a wide class of hybrid junctions between different internal structures is derived on the basis of the Andreev picture. The formula extends existing formulae and also enables us to analyze novel B-phase/A-phase/B-phase (BAB) junctions in superfluid helium three systems, which are accessible to experiments. It is predicted that BAB junctions will exhibit two types of current-phase relations associated with different internal symmetries. A ``pseudo-magnetic interface effect'' inherent in the system is also revealed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Analysis of the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 -2518 Promoter Polymorphism in Korean Patients with Alopecia Areata

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels are increased in scalp lesions of patients with alopecia areata (AA), suggesting a role in the development of AA. Recently, a biallelic A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 promoter at position -2518 has been found, influencing the level of MCP-1 expression in response to an inflammatory stimulus. We investigated whether the presence of these polymorphisms were associated with AA in Korean population. 145 Korean patients with AA, 246 healthy subjects without clinical evidence of AA were screened for genotype with a PCR-based assay. In the AA patients the frequency of the A and G alleles was 40.3 and 59.7%, respectively and the distribution of the A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes was 19.3, 42.1 and 38.6%, respectively. Amongst the controls the frequency of the A and G alleles was 39.8 and 60.2%, and the distribution of the A/A, A/G, G/G genotypes in the same group was 17.5, 44.7 and 37.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies and genotype distributions between the patients and the controls (p=0.889, p=0.848, respectively). Our data indicates that no association exists between the -2518A/G polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and susceptibility to alopecia areata

Higgs boson production in photon-photon collision at ILC: a comparative study in different little Higgs models

We study the process \gamma\gamma->h->bb_bar at ILC as a probe of different little Higgs models, including the simplest little Higgs model (SLH), the littlest Higgs model (LH), and two types of littlest Higgs models with T-parity (LHT-I, LHT-II). Compared with the Standard Model (SM) prediction, the production rate is found to be sizably altered in these little Higgs models and, more interestingly, different models give different predictions. We find that the production rate can be possibly enhanced only in the LHT-II for some part of the parameter space, while in all other cases the rate is suppressed. The suppression can be 10% in the LH and as much as 60% in both the SLH and the LHT-I/LHT-II. The severe suppression in the SLH happens for a large \tan\beta and a small m_h, in which the new decay mode h->\eta\eta (\eta is a light pseudo-scalar) is dominant; while for the LHT-I/LHT-II the large suppression occurs when f and m_h are both small so that the new decay mode h->A_H A_H is dominant. Therefore, the precision measurement of such a production process at the ILC will allow for a test of these models and even distinguish between different scenarios.Comment: Version in JHEP (h-g-g & h-gamma-gamma expressions added