Isolation, Characterisation and Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Symbionts Hardcoral Pavona sp. Isolated from Panjang Island, Jepara Against Infectious Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

Pavona sp. is highly spread over Indonesian waters including Panjang Island. Several studies showed that bacteria symbionts hardcoral were the big source of antibiotic product, but there was limited research of the bacteria symbionts with hardcoral Pavona sp. In this research bacteria symbionts from hardcoral Pavona sp. had been collected from Panjang Island, Jepara. Marine bacteria symbionts were isolated by serial dillution method, while antibacterial activity was performed by using overlay and agar block method. The total of 2 from 5 isolates were active to MDR bacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes and Acinetobacter baumanii, the code were PHC 44/04 and PHC 44/05. Then both of them were identified by morphological and molecular DNA characterization using 16 S rRNA gene sequence. The result of 16 S rRNA identification shows PHC 44/04 has 99% similarities with Virgibacillus salarius strain sa-Vb 1, while PHC 44/05 shows 99% similarities with Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra strain NCIMB 2033

Identification and Antibacterial Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. against Multi-Drug Resistant Human Pathogen

The marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. was a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. This sponge widely distributed along the coast of Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. The aims of this research were to isolate the associated bacteria with Haliclona (Reniera) sp. and to screen the antibacterial activity against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. Amount five bacteria were isolated using media selective for bacteria. The antibacterial activities of bacteria were performed by overlay methods. The bacteria strain PSP. 39-04 had the best activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter cloaceae. Based on colony morphology and phylogenetic characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PSP 39-04 was closely related with Chromohalobacter salixigens strain DSM3043

Isolation And Partial Characterization Of Bacteria Activity Associated With Gorgonian Euplexaura sp. Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in around the world and has been resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin. The aims of this study were to isolate, to investigate and to characterize bacterial symbionts gorgonian having activity against MRSA. Euplexaura sp. was collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia by snorkling 2-5 m in depth. Bacterias were isolated by using spesific media with dilution method. Bacterias were conducted by using the streak method. Antibacterial activity was investigated by overlay method. The potent bacteria was identified by using molecular identification (DNA extraction, electrophoresis, PCR and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA genes with actinobacteria-spesific primers) and bio-chemical test (among 5 isolated bacteria from gorgonian showed activity against MRSA). The strain PG-344 was the best candidat that has an inhibition zone against MRSA. The result of sequencing bacteria is 100% closely related with Virgibacillus salarius. This becomes a potential new bioactive compounds to against MRSA that can be a new drug discovery

Bacterial isolates from bryozoanPleurocodonellina sp.: Diversity and antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria

There isan urgent need to discover new compounds with antibacterial activity, which can be developed into lead structures for the treatment of human disease caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we focussed on bryozoan-associated bacteria to screen them toward antibacterial activities, since the microbiome of these organisms can still be regarded as under-investigated. Most of the few publications about bryozoan-associated bacteria focused on taxonomy and the potential as producers of antibacterial natural products were neglected. Four specimens of bryozoan Pleurocodonellina sp. were collected from Teluk Awur, Jepara inJava Sea, Indonesia. Therefrom, 56 bacterial strains were isolated, and 17 displayed antibacterial activitiesagainst MDR bacteria Pseudomonas aruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Taxonomic identification of the bacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed them belonging to the genera Virgibacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Halomonas, and Bacillus. Most interestingly, the genus Virgibacillus was dominantly obtained from the Pleurocodonellina sp. specimens, i.e., 12 active isolates. Nevertheless, the best activities against MDR bacteria(both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) were contributed to isolates showing >99% identity to Pseudoalteromonas. The results further suggest adding the genus Virgibacillus as bacteria associated with bryozoan, since to the best of our knowledge there were no reports of this genus isolated from bryozoan

Tunicate-associated bacteria show a great potential for the discovery of antimicrobial compounds

Tunicates (Ascidians, sea squirts) are marine protochordates, which live sedentary or sessile in colonial or solitary forms. These invertebrates have to protect themselves against predators and invaders. A most successful strategy, to not being eaten by predators and prevent pathogenic microorganisms to settle, is the usage of chemical molecules for defence. To accomplish this, tunicates take advantage of the specialized metabolites produced by the bacteria associated with them. Therefore, the microbiome of the tunicates can be regarded as a promising bioresource for bacterial strains producing compounds with antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by (i) isolation of tunicate-associated bacteria, (ii) analysis of the antibacterial activities of these strains, and (iii) purification and structure elucidation of an active compound derived from this bioresource. In total, 435 bacterial strains were isolated and thereof 71 (16%) showed antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Therefrom, the ethyl acetate crude extracts from liquid fermentations of 25 strains showed activity against MDR Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (MDR-ESBL) Escherichia coli, MDR Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus megaterium. Phenotypic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing revealed the active strains belonging to different genera and phyla, like Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudoalteromonas, Salinicola, Streptomyces, Vibrio and Virgibacillus. To obtain first insights into the molecules responsible for the antibacterial activities observed, strain Pseudoalteromonas rubra TKJD 22 was selected for large-scale fermentation and the active compound was isolated. This allowed the purification and structure elucidation of isatin, a compound known for its strong biological effects, thereunder inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens

<p><strong>Some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from the Java Sea, central Indonesian Archipelago, with a description of <em>Pleurocodonellina</em> <em>jeparaensis</em> n. sp. (Smittinidae)</strong></p>

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