Diplostomiasis in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran

This is the first report of Diplopstomiasis among rainbow trout in Iran. In June 1997 Diplopstomiasis occurred within rainbow trout farm in west Azarbayjan province. Diagnosis was Diplostomum spathaceum. This farm has the sedimentation pound. 56 species fingerling with average body weight 4.4 gr examined. Maximum and minimum metacercaria counting revealed one to five pieces respectively. In autopsies of 7 cultured fishes with average body weight 29.2 gr maximum metacercaria counting was 25 and minimum was 1 metacercaria in each eye. 8 breeder with average body weight 572.8 gr examined and infestation was 100 percent. The Lymnaeidae snails near sedimentation pound autopsies and larval stage of parasite did not exist

Phase diagram of the XXZ ferrimagnetic spin-(1/2, 1) chain in the presence of transverse magnetic field

We investigate the phase diagram of an anisotropic ferrimagnet spin-(1/2, 1) in the presence of a non-commuting (transverse) magnetic field. We find a magnetization plateau for the isotropic case while there is no plateau for the anisotropic ferrimagnet. The magnetization plateau can appear only when the Hamiltonian has the U(1) symmetry in the presence of the magnetic field. The anisotropic model is driven by the magnetic field from the N\'{e}el phase for low fields to the spin-flop phase for intermediate fields and then to the paramagnetic phase for high fields. We find the quantum critical points and their dependence on the anisotropy of the aforementioned field-induced quantum phase transitions. The spin-flop phase corresponds to the spontaneous breaking of Z2 symmetry. We use the numerical density matrix renormalization group and analytic spin wave theory to find the phase diagram of the model. The energy gap, sublattice magnetization, and total magnetization parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field are also calculated. The elementary excitation spectrums of the model are obtained via the spin wave theory in the three different regimes depending on the strength of the magnetic field.Comment: 14 pages, 11 eps figure

Ichthyobodosis in Oncorhynchus mykiss fry

On February 1998 in one of the trout farm of Kohkiloieh & Boyer Ahmad province was observed the mass mortality of trout fry with 3 centimeters total length. The rate of mortality was 40%. The sampling was done randomly from various traphs of hatchery hall and 200 fish fry sampled. Wet smears provided from skin and gill of 100 pieces of fish showed 100%infection to parasite Ichthyobodo which the contamination in skin was severe and about gills, it was moderate. Treatment procedures recommended of increasing water flow, decreasing fish density, formalin bath with proportion of 1:4000 for one hour with use of aeration in order to supplying dissolved oxygen needed (synchronously). Above recommendations were effective in decreasing of contamination load and mortality rate

Association between GH encoding gene polymorphism and semen characteristics in Iranian Holstein bulls

The objective of this present study was to investigate relationships between the growth hormone gene restriction fragment length  polymorphism (RFLP) and bull sperm characteristics. A total of 89 bullsfrom two semen evaluation stations were genotyped for the bovine growth hormone (bGH)-AluI polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction and followed by 4% metaphor agaros gel electrophoresis. The overall allele frequencies for two L and V alleles were 0.50, respectively. The relationship between the bGH-AluI polymorphism and semen characteristics was evaluated according 1500 ejaculated records. Five sperm characteristics were analyzed. Sperm characteristics showed significant variabilityin relation to bGH genotypes. LL bulls had a lower ejaculated volume and higher percentage of live sperm, and VV bulls had higher fresh sperm concentration and minimum effect after cryopreservation. This polymorphism could be further used for semen evaluation process in artificial insemination program in Iranian Holstein bulls.Key word: Semen characteristics, growth hormone (GH) polymorphism, Holstein bulls

Regulation of ctla-4 and pd-l1 expression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients after treatment with fingolimod, ifnβ-1α, glatiramer acetate, and dimethyl fumarate drugs

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation which typically results in significant impairment in most patients. Immune checkpoints act as co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and play a fundamental role in keeping the equilibrium of the immune system. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), as inhibitory immune checkpoints, participate in terminating the development of numerous autoimmune diseases, including MS. We assessed the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 gene expression in the different cell types of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients using single-cell RNA-seq data. Additionally, this study outlines how CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression was altered in the PBMC samples of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to the healthy group. Finally, it investigates the impact of various MS-related treatments in the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression to restrain autoreactive T cells and stop the development of MS autoimmunity

Current approaches for combination therapy of cancer: The role of immunogenic cell death

Cell death resistance is a key feature of tumor cells. One of the main anticancer therapies is increasing the susceptibility of cells to death. Cancer cells have developed a capability of tumor immune escape. Hence, restoring the immunogenicity of cancer cells can be suggested as an effective approach against cancer. Accumulating evidence proposes that several anticancer agents provoke the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are determinants of immunogenicity and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD). It has been suggested that ICD inducers are two different types according to their various activities. Here, we review the well-characterized DAMPs and focus on the different types of ICD inducers and recent combination therapies that can augment the immunogenicity of cancer cells

Retromer deficiency in Tauopathy models enhances the truncation and toxicity of Tau.

Alteration of the levels, localization or post-translational processing of the microtubule associated protein Tau is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Here we develop adult-onset models for human Tau (hTau) toxicity in Drosophila that enable age-dependent quantitative measurement of central nervous system synapse loss and axonal degeneration, in addition to effects upon lifespan, to facilitate evaluation of factors that may contribute to Tau-dependent neurodegeneration. Using these models, we interrogate the interaction of hTau with the retromer complex, an evolutionarily conserved cargo-sorting protein assembly, whose reduced activity has been associated with both Parkinson’s and late onset Alzheimer’s disease. We reveal that reduction of retromer activity induces a potent enhancement of hTau toxicity upon synapse loss, axon retraction and lifespan through a specific increase in the production of a C-terminal truncated isoform of hTau. Our data establish a molecular and subcellular mechanism necessary and sufficient for the depletion of retromer activity to exacerbate Tau-dependent neurodegeneration.post-print2287 K

A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes after elective surgery for ulcerative colitis.

AIM: Approximately 20%-30% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will undergo surgery during their disease course, the vast majority being elective due to chronic refractory disease. The risks of elective surgery are reported variably. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the outcomes after elective surgery for UC. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted that analysed studies reporting outcomes for elective surgery in the modern era (>2002). It was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database (ref: CRD42018115513). Searches were performed of Embase and MEDLINE on 15 January 2019. Outcomes were split by operation performed. Primary outcome was quality of life; secondary outcomes were early, late and functional outcomes after surgery. Outcomes reported in five or more studies underwent a meta-analysis of incidence using random effects. Heterogeneity is reported with I2 , and publication bias was assessed using Doi plots and the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index. RESULTS: A total of 34 studies were included (11 774 patients). Quality of life was reported in 12 studies, with variable and contrasting results. Thirteen outcomes (eight early surgical complications, five functional outcomes) were included in the formal meta-analysis, all of which were outcomes for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). A further 71 outcomes were reported (50 IPAA, 21 end ileostomy). Only 14 of 84 outcomes received formal definitions, with high inter-study variation of definitions. CONCLUSION: Outcomes after elective surgery for UC are variably defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the range of reported incidences and provides practical information that facilitates shared decision making in clinical practice