Holographic Calculation of BMSFT Mutual and 3-partite Information

We use flat-space holography to calculate the mutual information and the 3-partite information of a two-dimensional BMS-invariant field theory (BMSFT$_2$). This theory is the putative holographic dual of the three-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes. We find a bound in which entangling transition occurs for zero and finite temperature BMSFTs. We also show that the holographic 3-partite information is always non-positive which indicates that the holographic mutual information is monogamous.Comment: 15 page

Effect of Low Intensity Cathodal Direct Current on Rate of Healing and Quality Of Life in Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Foot Ulcer

Introduction: Adjunctive treatment using electrical stimulation has recently been shown to promote healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether low intensity cathodal direct current electrical stimulation improves healing rate of foot ulcers and health related quality of life in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A total of 30 type 2 diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulcer were included in the present randomized, single-blind, placebo controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either electrical stimulation therapy (direct current with low intensity, ES group, n=15) or sham treatment (placebo group, n=15) for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Improvement ratio of wound and quality of life was evaluated at the 1st and 12th sessions. The quality of life was assessed using SF-36 questionnaire. Results: The mean of improvement ratio was significantly higher in the electrical stimulation group (59.4%) compared with that of the placebo group (27.07%) at the 12th session (P=0.02). Overall score of quality of life significantly increased in the electrical stimulation group as compared with that for the placebo group (0.01). Conclusion: By promotion of wound healing, applied low intensity cathodal direct current may increase the health-related quality of life in diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulcer.Key words: Diabetics, Ischemic foot ulcers, Low intensity direct current, Wound improvement rate, Quality of lif

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nanomaterials

Structural and analytical characterization, in the nanometer scale, has become very important for all types of materials in recent years. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a perfect instrument for this purpose, which is summarized in this chapter. Parameters such as particle size, grain size, lattice type, morphological information, crystallographic details, chemical composition, phase-type, and distribution can be obtained by transmission electron micrographs. Electron diffraction patterns of nanomaterials are also used to acquire quantitative information containing size, phase identification, orientation relationship and crystal defects in the lattice structure, etc. In this chapter, typical electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission and scanning transmission electron microscope imaging in materials research, especially in the study of nanoscience are presented

A Review of Book of Razi’s Criticize on Galen

زمینه و هدف: در دوره نهضت ترجمه و پیش از آن اندیشه‌های طبی و فلسفی یونان باستان به نوعی قطعی قلمداد می‌شد، از جمله ویژگی‌های دوره تألیف، نوآوری‌هایی در طب و ایجاد شک و تردید در برخی باورهای علوم یونان است. این پژوهش به ایرادهایی که رازی درباره موضوع طب به جالینوس در کتاب «الشکوک رازی» می‌گیرد، می‌پردازد. از آن جهت که برای نخستین‌بار در دوره تمدن اسلامی، برخی از اندیشه‌های جالینوس در کتاب یادشده مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته است، بررسی و تحلیل کتاب رازی از جایگاه و اهمیت ویژه‌ایی برخوردار است. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در راستای بیان استقلال نظری دانشمندان اسلامی، به‌ ویژه رازی، به روش پیمایش کتابخانه‌ای با تکیه بر منابع اصیل تاریخ پزشکی انجام گرفته است. یافته‌ها: ایرادهایی که رازی بر دیدگاه‌های طبی جالینوس وارد دانسته و همچنین نظرات مخالف با رازی در مورد این کتاب، بیان می‌شود. با بررسی‌های انجام‌شده مشخص گردید که کتاب «الشکوک» به طور کامل به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده است و تنها چند تصحیح بر آن انجام گرفته است. دو نمونه از تصحیحات، متعلق به مهدی محقق و مصطفی لبیب عبدالغنی می‌باشد. سه نسخه از کتاب الشکوک رازی علی جالینوس در کتابخانه‌ ملک به شماره 4573 (که اکنون در اختیار کتابخانه آستان قدس رضوی است)، کتابخانه مجلس شورای اسلامی به شماره 9014 و کتابخانه ملی به شماره 2915085 که از روی نسخه موجود در ملک استنساخ شده‌اند، موجود می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: کتاب الشکوک می‌تواند به عنوان یک منبع معتبر علمی و تاریخی در اختیار محققانی که قصد مطالعه در مورد جالینوس و حتی خود رازی دارند، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از این اثر می‌توان مقالات ارزشمندی در موضوع‌های گوناگون طبی و فلسفی به رشته تحریر درآورد.Background and Aim: In the period of the translation movement and before that the medical and philosophical ideas of ancient Greece were considered definite. Among the features of the authoring period are innovations in medicine and the creation of doubts in some Greek science beliefs.This study examines the flaws that the mystery of medicine with the subject of Galen in the book of Razi’s criticize on Galen.Because for the first time in the period of Islamic civilization, some of Galen's ideas have been criticized in this book, the study and analysis of Razi's book is of special importance.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in order to express the theoretical independence of Islamic scholars, especially Razi, through library survey method based on authentic sources of medical history.Findings: The deficiencies that Razi inflicts on Galen's medical views, as well as the opposing views about Razi in this book, are expressed .The reviews revealed that the book of Razi’s criticize on Galen was not fully translated into Persian; only a few corrections were made. Two examples of corrections belong to Mehdi Mohaghegh and Mustafa Labib Abdul Ghani. Three copies of Razi’s criticize on Galen are available in the Malek Library No.4573 (now owned by the Astan Quds Razavi Library), the Islamic Consultative Assembly library No.9014 and National No.2915085, which have been extracted from the version available on the property, available.Conclusion: Razi’s criticize on Galen can be used as a credible scientific and historical resource for scholars who intend to study about Galen and even the mystery itself. Om the copy in the Property from this work we can write valuable articles on various medical and philosophical topics.   Please cite this article as: Rajabnejad MR, Asadi SH. A Review of Book of Razi’s Criticize on Galen. Med Hist J 2019; 10(37): 21-30

Factores que afectan la ubicación de los centros médicos en la ciudad de Teherán Estudio de caso: Distrito 1 del municipio de Teherán

The historical growth of cities due to the rapid increase of population led to the increased land price in cities and caused problems to theappropriate distribution system as well as the allocation of suitable spaces to some fundamental services like medical centers. Supplyinghealth for all people in every society is one of the basic human rights which should be regarded by governments. The imbalancein fundamental services such as medical care and its imbalanced distribution system cause major challenges expressing themselvesin different economic and skeletal dimensions. In this study which aimed at determining the factors affecting the location of medicalcenters, first the main variables and indicators affecting the location of such centers were extracted and then ranked using the hierarchicalquestionnaire by some relevant experts. After ranking the obtained indicators using the hierarchical method to examine the medicalcenters at district 1 of Tehran and investigating the balance and proportion of medical centers, the location of medical centersin district 1 were examined using the geographical information system by hierarchical model. The obtained results indicated thatthe northeast and east areas of district 1 in Tehran had faced major challenges in terms of the access to medical centers and a specifiedarea in the geographical information system indicated this challenge in the north and northeast areas. The selected point by geographicalinformation system were the areas in this district

Comparing the effects of vibration and ultrasound waves accompanied with stretching exercises on myofascial trigger points of posterior neck muscles in athletes

زمینه و هدف: درمان های فیزیکی و تمرینات مختلف جهت درمان نقاط ماشه ای توصیه شده اند ولی مطالعه در زمینه تاثیر ویبریشن در نقاط ماشه ای عضلات پشت گردن و همچنین مقایسه آن با تمرینات کششی و اولتراسوند با در نظر گرفتن غیر تهاجمی بودن آن ها اندک است، لذا این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه اثرات درمانی ویبریشن و اولتراسوند توأم با تمرین کششی بر نقاط ماشه ای عضلات پشت گردن ورزشکاران انجام شد. روش بررسی:‌ در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی، 30 ورزشکار با نقاط ماشه ای عضلات پشت گردن از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده و بصورت تصادفی در دو گروه ویبریشن (15نفر) و اولتراسوند توأم با تمرین کششی (15 نفر) قرار گرفتند. میزان ناتوانی گردن، درد گردن، درد و ناتوانی شانه قبل و بعد از درمان اندازه گیری شد. برنامه درمان برای هر دو گروه شامل 10 جلسه هفته ای 3 جلسه و هر جلسه حدود 30 دقیقه بود. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های t‏ مستقل، من ویتنی، t زوجی، ویلکاکسون و آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: شاخص ناتوانی گردن در گروه ویبریشن از 35/5±33/25 به1/4±93/13 و در گروه اولتراسوند با تمرین از 63/4±20/25 به 36/4±80/13 کاهش یافت (001/0>P). شاخص درد گردن در گروه ویبریشن از 91/3±15 به 70/3±47/6 و در گروه اولتراسوند با تمرین از 56/4±47/13 به 19/4±53/5 کاهش یافت (001/0>P). شاخص درد و ناتوانی شانه در گروه ویبریشن از 53/30±08/69 به 36/22±83/24 و در گروه اولتراسوند با تمرین از 61/23±69/64 به 42/11±27/17 کاهش یافت (001/0>P). اختلافی بین دو گروه از نظر بهبود عملکرد و کاهش میانگین درد و ناتوانی گردن و شانه وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق ما نشان داد که تاثیر ویبریشن و اولتراسوند توام با تمرین کششی بر بهبود عملکرد در ورزشکاران دارای نقاط ماشه ای در عضلات پشت گردن برابر و یکسان است

National Information Systems of Natural Crises in Some Countries

Context: The natural crises national information system (NISNC) has a key role in promoting natural crisis management by analyzing and understanding the situation, managing and allocating the resources, coordinating actions and supporting of decision making and exchanging of information. The purpose of this paper is to examine the NISNC general and technical characteristics and functional capabilities in Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, and Turkey. Evidence Acquisition: This comparative study was conducted using databases like Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus in the period from 2000 to 2017. The following featured were under the focus: being nationalized and computerized and availability of information. From among the 41 available studies, 24 were examined among which 12 belonged to Germany, 6 to the Netherlands, 3 to Romania and 3 to Turkey. Finally, the information obtained from different countries was compared on the basis of comparative tables.Results: In all countries, the Interior Ministry was in charge of NISNC and NISNC is used in the entire cycle of crisis management (the Netherlands is used only in the reaction phase). This system has a modular design, distributed database, and mirror server. Synchronization allows the data recording in a system gets registered in other systems. NISNC is designed for static and dynamic data collection, with offline access allowed only in the Netherlands. The most common functional capabilities of the NISNC in selected countries were resource management, communication and reporting, status management and geographic information system. Conclusion: NISNC leads to the improvement of cooperation, information exchange and coordination in the management of natural crises through providing methods, terminology, information formats, and standard operating procedures

Fuzzy logic based classification of faults in mechanical differential

Mechanical differentials are widely used in automotive, agricultural machineries and heavy industry applications due to their large transmission ratio, strong load-bearing capacity and high transmission efficiency. The tough operation conditions of heavy duty and intensive impact load may cause damage, hence condition monitoring of these machines is very important. This paper proposes a data driven model-based condition monitoring scheme that is applied to differential. The scheme is based upon a fuzzy inference system (FIS) in combination with decision trees. To achieve this objective, the acoustic signals from a microphone were captured for the following conditions: Health, bearing fault, worn pinion, broken pinion, worn cranwheel and broken cranwheel for tow working levels of differential (1500 and 3000 r/min). Taken signals were in time domain and for extraction more information was converted from time domain to time-frequency domains using wavelet transformation. Subsequently, statistical features were extracted from signals using descriptive statistic parameters, better features were selected by J48 algorithm and used for developing decision trees. In the next stage, fuzzy logic rules were written using the decision tree and fuzzy inference engines were produced. In order to evaluate the proposed J48-FIS model, the data sets obtained from acoustic signals of the differential were used. The total classification accuracy for 1500 and 3000 r/min conditions were 92.5 % and 95 %, respectively, so the work conducted has demonstrated the potential of used method to classify the fault conditions which are represent in differential

Artificial neural network based classification of faults in centrifugal water pump

The detection and diagnosis of faults are of great practical significance for the safe operation of a plant. Early detection of fault can help avoid system shutdown, breakdown and even catastrophe involving human fatalities and material damage. This paper presents the design and development of ANN-based model for the fault detection of centrifugal water pump using a back-propagation learning algorithm and multi-layer perceptron neural network. The centrifugal pump conditions were considered to be healthy pump and faulty impeller and faulty seal and cavitation, which were four neurons of output layer with the aim of fault detection and identification. Features vector, which is one of the most significant parameters to design an appropriate neural network, was extracted from analysis of vibration signals in frequency domain by means of FFT method. The statistical features of vibration signals such as mean, standard deviation, variance, skewness and kurtosis were used as input to ANN. Different neural network structures are analyzed to determine the optimal neural network with regards to the number of hidden layers. The results indicate that the designed system is capable of classifying records with 100 % accuracy with one hidden layer of neurons in the neural network