Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene sheets from graphite powder by using ball milling

Due to the rising trend in 2-Dimensional material, graphene has gained a lot of interest in the recent past. Graphene is the 2D carbon allotrope with high strength and improved mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Despite being excellent properties among other types of carbon allotropes but still, graphene use is limited because of its costly synthesis technique. In this research, a cheap and effective method is adapted for the preparation of graphene from graphite powder. The graphite powder is thermally treated to prepare the exfoliated graphite then exfoliated graphite is milled to produce the 2D graphene sheets. The synthesized graphene is characterized by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRD results show that graphene is successfully synthesized, and SEM results show that graphene is 2D which can be used in various applications. This research provides a direction for the synthesis of graphene from graphite powder on an industrial scale.Debido a la tendencia al alza en el material bidimensional, el grafeno ha ganado mucho interés en el pasado reciente. El grafeno es el alótropo de carbono 2D con propiedades mecánicas, químicas y eléctricas mejoradas de alta resistencia. A pesar de tener excelentes propiedades entre otros tipos de alótropos de carbono, el uso del grafeno es limitado debido a su costosa técnica de síntesis. En esta investigación se adapta un método económico y efectivo para la preparación de grafeno a partir de polvo de grafito. El polvo de grafito se trata térmicamente para preparar el grafito exfoliado y luego se muele para producir las láminas de grafeno 2D. El grafeno sintetizado se caracteriza por difractometría de rayos X (XRD) y microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM). Los resultados de XRD muestran que el grafeno se sintetiza con éxito y los resultados de SEM muestran que el grafeno es 2D que se puede usar en varias aplicaciones. Esta investigación proporciona una dirección para la síntesis de grafeno a partir de polvo de grafito a escala industrial

Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction in Pakistan.

To characterize features of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Pakistani population, and assess the role of thrombolysis in our country, we studied 194 consecutive admitted patients with enzyme positive AMI. Males were affected three times more frequently; women, although affected less, had a higher incidence of complications than men. Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 50% patients presenting with AMI. An unusually high incidence of anterior wall myocardial infarction (39%) was seen. Complications were frequent with a predominance of LV failure symptoms. Cardiogenic shock was associated with a very high mortality, in excess of 93%. Streptokinase (SK) was administered in 60% patients with suspected transmural AMI. A statistically significant reduction in mortality was seen in the group that received SK (15.2%) compared to those who did not receive SK (24.7%), (p = \u3c 0.05)

Factors affecting wool quality and quantity in sheep

There are varieties of factors which can affect wool (macro and micro elements of wool) in sheep directly or indirectly. Genetic and environmental factors are major factors influencing wool quality and quantity. There are some bacterial, viral, fungal and espically parasitic diseases which also affect the wool. Other factors are exogenous chemicals, hormones, weather and photo period. In the present study, existing knowledge on the factors affecting wool were reviewed but there are gaps to conduct research on fundamental aspects of wool growth, which could have relevance to other areas of biology.Keywords: Wool quality, staple length, ultra high-sulphur proteins, fleec

Evolution of mud-crack patterns during repeated drying cycles

In mud, crack patterns are frequently seen with either an approximately rectilinear or hexagonal tiling. Here we show, experimentally, how a desiccation crack pattern changes from being dominated by 90° joint angles, to 120° joint angles. Layers of bentonite clay, a few mm thick, were repeatedly wetted and dried. When dried, the layers crack. These cracks visibly close when rewetted, but a similar crack pattern forms when the layer is redried, with cracks forming along the lines of previously open cracks. Time-lapse photography was used to show how the sequence in which individual cracks open is different in each generation of drying. The geometry of the crack pattern was observed after each of 25 generations of wetting and drying. The angles between cracks were found to approach 120°, with a relaxation time of approximately 4 generations. This was accompanied by a gradual change in the position of the crack vertices, as the crack pattern evolved. A simple model of crack behavior in a layer where the positions of previously open cracks define lines of weakness is developed to explain these observations

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Sublingual Nitroglycerin Administration to Relieve Radial Artery Vasospasm and Retrieve Wedged Catheter: A Consideration in Neuroangiography

Background Radial artery spasm is a common hinderance during transradial approaches for neuroangiography. Ways of alleviation have been described, including patient sedation, local lidocaine, or even prophylactic administration of intra‐arterial vasodilators. Methods We present a case of a wedged catheter attributable to radial artery spasm, which failed all conventional methods to relieve spasm. Results The catheter was ultimately removed after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first time sublingual nitrogen has been reported as an effective means to alleviate radial artery spasm during a transradial approach for neuroangiography

A Novel Case of Transverse Sinus Stenting and Ticagrelor Use During Pregnancy for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is prevalent among the US population, with exacerbation of symptoms during pregnancy. Transverse sinus stenting is a new effective treatment for IIH. Stenting is avoided in pregnancy largely due to the requirement of dual antiplatelet therapy. Methods We present a case of a pregnant patient in her first trimester with signs and symptoms of fulminant IIH, including progressive visual loss, who underwent placement of a transverse sinus stent and administration of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor. Results Ticagrelor was administered pre–operatively. The patient underwent venous sinus stenting for fulminant IIH. There were no complications. She had resolution of symptoms and underwent cesarean delivery without issues. Her child displayed no signs and symptoms of abnormalities. Conclusion Venous sinus stenting for IIH can be considered in pregnant patients presenting with new or worsening IIH with associated papilledema. The use of ticagrelor did not lead to any adverse outcomes for the patient or the fetus in our case

Class of Analytic Function Related with Uniformly Convex and Janowski’s Functions

In this paper, we introduce a new subclass of analytic functions in open unit disc. We obtain coefficient estimates, extreme points, and distortion theorem. We also derived the radii of close-to-convexity and starlikeness for this class

Analytic Functions Related with Mocanu Class

In this article, we define a new class of analytic functions. This class generalizes the mocanu class. We obtain relationships of this class with other subclasses of analytic functions and derived many interesting results