Strategic Effects of Brand Elements on Brand Loyalty

This paper shows the strategic effects of brand elements on brand loyalty. The main objective of this study was to discover the factors that can influence the brand elements on brand loyalty. In the past research, the researcher shows that there is weak relation to examine the importance of brand elements (brand name, price, quality, purchase decision, environment and design) in effecting brand loyalty. Thus, in order to examine our understanding in this area, the study was conducted among youth in northern region, Lahore Pakistan. The structured questionnaire was adapted to collect the data. On convenient basis 100 young consumers who visit biggest shopping malls of Lahore Pakistan were targeted. In this study the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings indicated that purchase decision, price and store environment have significant positive effects on brand loyalty. Based on these findings and results, future research suggestions and several implications are discussed in order to examine our understanding towards the importance of purchase decision, price and store environment in effecting relationship on brand loyalty. Keywords: Brand loyalty, Purchase Decision, Store Environment, Price and Lahore Pakistan

Effect of Motivation on Employee Retention: Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support

Employees play crucial role for the success and failure of any organization. In modern competitive work environment, employee retention is meaningful for the achievement of organizational goals. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee retention. Along with that, the study also examined the mediating role of perceived organizational support on motivation-retention relationship. Primary data was collected from the commercial banks of Lahore, Pakistan. A sample size of 342 banking sector employees in commercial banks of Lahore, Pakistan was selected. Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation has a significant impact over employee retention and perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between extrinsic, intrinsic motivation, and employee retention. By empirically testing the research contributes academically to Social Exchange Theory, Hertzberg Two Factor and Organizational Support Theory

A survey on the determinants of entrepreneurial training effectiveness among micro finance institutions of Malaysia

The importance of the training is increasing day by day not only in corporate sector but also in entrepreneurial sector.This study aims to evaluate the influencing factors of entrepreneurial training effectiveness of Malaysian microfinance institutions (hereinafter MFIs).This study use survey research design and involve four listed MFIs of Malaysia that are selected on the base of engagement in entrepreneurship training during last five years.Questionnaires are used to collect data from selected respondents by using stratified random sampling.Results of the study reveal that deteriorating rate of small and micro enterprises is increasing rapidly due to inappropriate training and non-allocation of sufficient funds. Findings confirm the relationship between entrepreneurial training effectiveness and training need analysis. Training contents also found a critical and important factor for training effectiveness.Results also show that there is a need to undertake a comprehensive analysis by MFIs on individual entrepreneurs and the job tasks in order to estimate their training needs.In this way, the need of clients for appropriate and relevant training can be addressed in a better way

Moderating Effect of Leverage on the Relationship between Board Size, Board Meetings and Performance: A Study on Textile Sector of Pakistan

Extensive research relating to corporate governance and performance of firms have been carried out, however less research has been carried relating to developing countries like Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship of corporate governance (CG) tools (board size, board meetings) with performance (ROA) of listed textile firms on the Pakistan stock exchange. Leverage (FLEV) has been accommodated as a moderator in the study, data has been collected concerning to 30 textile firms from the period 2015 to 2017 and multiple regression technique has been employed in the research to assess the relation among corporate governance and firm performance. The study found that both board size (BS) and board meetings (BM) have a significant impact on the textile firm’s performance, moreover the moderating effect of leverage was found to be significant on the relationship between BM and performance of textile, but insignificant on the relationship of board size and performance. This study provides helpful information for regulators as well as management of textile firms to enhance policies relating to corporate governance ahead.

The Relationship between Product Nature and Supply Chain Strategy; An empirical evidence

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to explore the relationship between the nature of product and respective supply chain strategy of the firms operation in manufacturing sector. The relationship is investigated by using the fishers model as conceptual framework. Data was collected through questionnaire-based self-administered survey. The results of the survey were analysed by testing the fishers model related to Supply Chain Strategy and product characteristics. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant relationship between nature of the product and supply chain strategy in manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The practical implication can be derived by the policy makers and practitioners of the supply chain strategy domain that characteristics of the product can have an impact of the decision to device supply chain strategy. Furthermore, this study is conducted in special context of underdeveloped country like Pakistan. Therefore, results of this study enhanced the existing literature on underdeveloped economies

Do positive and negative variations in stock indexes lead to depreciation in local currencies? A beyond symmetrical evidence from ASEAN-5 region

Preliminary studies overlooked the importance of the financial crisis in the asymmetric transmission of financial market shocks to FX market returns. Moreover, existing studies also concentrated on the response of aggregate equity market returns to the forex market returns rather than the vice versa asymmetric effect for the ASEAN-5 region. We utilised the panel based ARDL and NARDL framework using pooled mean group method for conducting this study. There are 415 observations spanning the pre-crisis period of January 2001 to December 2007. Furthermore, 595 and 1135 observations are taken into consideration when post-recessionary, and overall sampling periods of January 2010 to December 2019 and January 2001 to December 2019 are considered, correspondingly. Overall, the findings indicated that in the short run, only negative equity market returns caused depreciation in the local currencies of ASEAN-5 member countries during the pre-crisis period, whereas only positive shocks during the post-crisis regime appreciated the local currencies of ASEAN-5 member countries. Furthermore, only longer-term negative financial market shocks contribute to post-crisis local currency deflation in the ASEAN-5 member nations. This demonstrates that investors and exporters must consider the importance of the particulate crisis period when formulating forward currency arrangements

Augmented reality is the new digital banking – AR brand experience impact on brand loyalty

Purpose – Consumers are engaging with novel technologies to have better experiences. The current study investigates the banking consumer brand experience from the perspective of augmented reality (AR). Mobile augmented reality applications in financial institutions provide a pleasurable and immersive experience. The study' highlights the use of the mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications by a bank in Pakistan and its impact on consumer loyalty and continuous intention keeping in view the AR brand experience. Design/Methodology/approach – We conducted a comparative study between married and unmarried consumers with sample sizes of 178 and 172, respectively. The results were analysed through structural equation modelling using Smart -PLS. Findings – The study's outcomes show that AR brand experience for the unmarried sample category is positive and higher than a married one. This is an excellent opportunity for the banking sector in Pakistan to invest more in innovative technologies. Originality/Value – The current study investigates the brand experience in the banking sector from the perspective of AR technology which contributes to the AR literature

The Nexus between Carbon Emissions and Per Capita Income of Households: Evidence from Japanese Prefectures

Household consumption is influenced by various factors. Despite this, the intricate nature of consumption behaviors and the lack of comprehensive data from the supply chain have led to an incomplete recognition of the attributes contributing to home emissions at the city level. Through the analysis of city-level household consumption in relation to energy demand, utilizing a city-scale input-output model and urban residential consumption inventories, this study considers the environmental responsibility inherent in residential consumption for Japanese Prefectures, this study reveals that variations in this responsibility based on household type and season. Various factors are taken into account when examining emissions by age and month, including emission type, source, fuel variety, and consumption items for the period 2013-2022. These assertions stem from emissions data computed using the system boundary method. The connection between residential emissions and GDP is also explored through regression analysis. We uncovered evidence indicating that carbon emissions in Japan fluctuate with the seasons and across diverse categories. These statistics illustrate a notable discrepancy in the regional distribution of carbon emissions, owing to evident variations in consumption rates and patterns.</p

Catalyst Role of University Green Entrepreneurial Support Promoting Green Entrepreneurial Inclinations Among Youth: Empirical Evidence from Oman

Purpose: The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the green entrepreneurial inclination of youth and sustainable development in Sultanate of Oman. It has a secondary objective of stimulating more research in areas identified as still being under‐explored.   Theoretical framework: The framework is developed covering the personality factors, support factors and inclination towards green entrepreneurship furthermore the moderating role of institutional support has been inculcated.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is discursive using quantitative research methodology, based on analysis and synthesis of green entrepreneurial literature the framework was developed. The data has been collected from 384 students studying in Dhofar University and University and Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah. Structural Equation modelling has been conducted to test the model.   Findings: Despite a broad spectrum of disciplines that investigate green entrepreneurial inclination and despite this special issue in the area of entrepreneurship, there are still areas open for research into green entrepreneurial intentions. The paper develops a model to explain green entrepreneurial inclination.   Research limitations/Implications: As a conceptual paper, the study is limited to literature and prior empirical research. It offers the benefit of new research directions for researchers/ universities in understanding and promoting the culture of green entrepreneurship among university students. The paper provides researchers with a proposed and tested integrated model of green entrepreneurial inclination.   Originality/Value: The paper links a significant body of literature within a unifying theoretical framework and identifies under‐researched areas of green entrepreneurial inclination of youth in an entrepreneurship context

Engaging the customer with augmented reality and employee services to enhance equity and loyalty

Purpose This study aims to understand customer equity and loyalty using augmented reality (AR) and employee services in a physical retail environment. The current study investigated how customers’ experiences with AR-based and employee service affect their satisfaction, equity and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework was developed by reviewing AR and employee services literature. The Smart PLS-SEM technique was used to test the responses of 620 Chinese respondents empirically. Findings The findings provided valuable insights into AR and employee services in a physical retail environment. Customers are more inclined to use AR services in the current business climate. Research limitations/implications This study’s sample was drawn from a single city, with a total of 620 respondents, which may not be a complete representation of China as a whole. As a result, the results may not be generalizable to a single city. Practical implications Retail brand managers should emphasize implementing innovative technologies in the physical retail environment to retain and attract customers. Pandemic consumers are opting for innovative technologies as part of their shopping experience due to changes in business models. Originality/value The researchers recognized AR and employee services as innovative domains in physical retail stores because they can increase sales, customer equity and loyalty. As a result, the framework results are precious to practitioners interested in implementing such innovative technologies for retail stores