Urban risks for adolescents: A case of social group workErgenler için kentin riskleri: Grupla sosyal hizmet müdahalesi örneği

The aim of the present study is to enable adolescent girls living in a high-risk district of Ankara in terms of poverty, squatting and substance abuse against such risks they encounter in their physical and social environment as poverty, violence, decreased access to education, and family issues. To this end, a social group work process was applied to eight adolescent girls in the age range of 13-16. The eight-session group process addressed the changes experienced in adolescence, growing up, the effect of gender roles, family issues, and self-recognition and -expression, relations with peers, environmental risks and how to cope with such risks.The Strengths and Difficulties TR Adolescent Form was applied before and after the process with a view to evaluating the social group work. This form provides a scale for self-assessment with the aim of reviewing emotional and behavioural problems. Any increase in the total score obtained from the form indicates an alleviation in emotional and behavioural problems. At the end of the group process, it was observed that all adolescents except one found decreases in their total scores. At the end of the process, the members decided that their awareness on gender roles had increased; that it was important for them to continue with their education and to select the right people as friends in order for them to cope with the risks they encountered in their families and physical and social environments; that they should not wander around by themselves at late hours; and that they needed to establish closer relations with their families. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Ankara’da yoksulluk, gecekondulaşma, madde bağımlılığı gibi yüksek risk taşıyan bir ilçede yaşayan ergen kızların içinde bulundukları fiziksel ve sosyal çevrede karşılaştıkları yoksulluk, şiddet, eğitim hayatından uzaklaşma, aile sorunları gibi risklere karşı güçlendirilmesini sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla yapılan grup odaklı sosyal hizmet uygulaması yaşları 13-16 arasında değişen sekiz kız ergen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sekiz oturumdan oluşan grup sürecinde, ergenlik döneminde yaşanan değişimler, büyümek, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin etkisi, aile sorunları, kendini tanıma ve ifade etme, yaşıtlarla ilişkiler, çevrede var olan riskler bu risklerle nasıl başa çıkılabileceği konuları ele alınmıştır.Grup odaklı sosyal hizmet uygulamasını değerlendirmek amacıyla sürecin öncesinde ve sonrasında Güçler Güçlükler TR Ergen Formu uygulanmıştır. Bu form duygusal ve davranışsal sorunları tarama amacıyla kullanılan, bir kendini değerlendirme ölçeğidir. Formdan alınan toplam puanın artışı, duygusal ve davranış sorunlarında azalmayı işaret etmektedir. Grup süreci sonunda bir ergen hariç tüm ergenlerin formdan aldığı toplam puanda azalma görülmüştür. Süreç sonunda üyeler, aileleri ile daha iyi anlaştıklarını, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin farkındalıklarının yükseldiğini, ailelerinde ve fiziksel, sosyal çevrelerinde yaşadıkları risklerle baş edebilmek için eğitim hayatına devam etmenin, doğru arkadaş seçmenin önemli olduğu, geç saatlerde yalnız başlarına çevrede dolaşmamaları ve aileleri ile daha yakın iletişim kurmaları gerektiğine karar vermişlerdi

Uluslararası yardımların “insani” boyutu: Küresel yoksulluğun azaltılmasına yönelik yardımların insan hakları perspektifinden değerlendirilmesi

Poverty, as the most devastating problem of the contemporary society, is at the core of economical and social policies at the  national and international level. Beyond the economical discourse, poverty is basically the violation of the rights raised from being human.  In this sense, struggle against poverty should be accepted as the struggle for human rights. But different criterions in definition and measurement of poverty reveals that there is no universally standart solution for the problem. Under these circumstances, it is also questionable that there is a universal and standart way of struggle against poverty. International organizations has a unique position with their different policies and programmes at the global level for struggling against poverty. In this study, which aims to evaluate the international aids through the lens of human rights perspective,  the international aid organizations having an important effect on the economical stability of the World’s economy after World War II (i.e.UNDP, IMF and World Bank) and their financial support and structural adjustment programmes was chosen for the focus of analysis. It is aimed to introduce the contradictions between the human rights philosophy and mechanisms of these programmes. Günümüz modern toplumunun karşı karşıya kaldığı en yıkıcı sorunlardan biri olan yoksulluk, ulusal ve uluslar arası düzeyde ekonomik ve sosyal alandaki politikaların temelinde yer almaktadır. İktisadi söylemlerin ötesinde, yoksulluk, en basit olarak, insan olmaktan doğan hakların ihlalidir. Bu açıdan yoksullukla mücadelenin de aynı zamanda bir insan hakları mücadelesi olduğu kabul edilmelidir. Ancak yoksulluğun tanımı ve ölçümünde geliştirilen farklı kıstaslar, sorunun evrensel olarak standart bir çözümünün olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu koşullarda yoksullukla mücadele açısından da evrensel/standart bir çözümün varlığı sorgulanmaktadır. Soruna küresel düzlemde bakıldığında, uluslar arası kuruluşlar, yoksullukla mücadele konusunda farklılaşan politikaları ve programları ile özgün bir yer tutmaktadırlar. Uluslar arası yardımların insan hakları açısından değerlendirilmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında dünyanın ekonomik dengelerinde önemli bir etkisi olan uluslar arası yardım kuruluşlarının (UNDP, IMF, DB) azgelişmiş ülkelere yönelik finansal destek ve yapısal uyum programları temel alınmıştır. Çalışmada, sunulan yardımların ve programların işleyişinin, temel insan hakları felsefesi ile arasındaki çelişkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.&nbsp

Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia

Background. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia. Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-neuronal antibody screening in dementia patients. Methods. Fifty consecutive patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for primary dementia, 130 control patients, and 50 healthy controls were included. Their sera were investigated for several ion channel and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies by a cell-based assay, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA, as required. Results. Sixteen patients satisfying dementia criteria had atypical findings or findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was detected in a patient with dementia, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fulfilling the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). One control patient with bipolar disease displayed low anti-GAD antibody levels. Conclusions. Our study showed for the first time the presence of parkinsonism and RBD in an anti-NMDAR encephalitis patient mimicking DLB. Although autoimmune encephalitis patients may occasionally present with cognitive decline, most dementia patients do not exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies, suggesting that routine analysis of these antibodies in dementia is not mandatory, even though they display atypical features

Astronomide yaygin öğrenim arayişlari ve meyvesi beyaz cüce

Executing Expansive Learning, which means learning without any schedule, place or intructor, has confused every astronomers' mind. For us, as the students of different universities and perspectives, it was confusing how to share our knowledge and experience. The astronomy students who met at the 4th National Astronomy Student Congress in 2006, started a solution based on share of knowledge and experience. This report tells us the story of Beyaz Cüce workgroup which created as a result of sharing the knowledge and ideas.peer-reviewe

Tabu #1 : bilimsel makale yazmak çok zordur(!)

Target Group: Undergraduate student who has never made a scientific research, especially Astronomy students. Objective: To show this group, making a scientific research and resulting it is not much difficult. Method: Making a research on practical, and writing an article. Result: Young scientists who trust themselves, can make a scientific research, made a few support to the Oceon of Science.peer-reviewe

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

Migraine with prolonged atypical aura: Report of two cases

If migraine does not manifest itself in the form of headache but in some other atypical symptoms with a headache, it is labeled a Migraine Variant. Many migraine variants have been redefined and included in the 2004 International Classification of Headache Disorders classification. These include hemiplegic migraine, basilar-type migraine, childhood periodic syndromes, retinal migraine, complicated migraine, ophthalmoplegic migraine and vertiginous migraine. In this study, we report two patients in different age groups who display basilar-type migraine with symptoms of prolonged atypical aura. Migraine Variants are important to recognize in clinical practice. Most variants respond well to treatment with antimigraine prophylaxis. If diagnosed correctly, treatment response is always satisfying

Anti-Neuronal Autoantibodies Associated with Epilepsy and Related Neurological Syndromes

Autoimmunity and inflammation can be shown as causative factors of epilepsies of unknown cause. The clear relationship between seizures and certain autoimmune diseases has been revealed in recent years. The detection of autoantibodies in the serum of patients with epilepsy supports this notion. Most of the epilepsy-associated antibodies occur against molecules on the surface of neurons, whereas the remaining autoantibodies target intracellular antigens. In this article, we summarize anti-neuronal autoantibodies associated with epilepsy and associated neurological syndromes