Alongamento muscular na dor lombar crônica inespecífica: uma estratégia do método GDS

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of stretching exercises of the Muscle and Joint Chains Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method in pain reduction, functional disability, increase global flexibility, and ability of the transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) contraction in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Fifty-five patients, from 18 to 60 years-old, participated in this study divided into two groups: the Stretching Group (n=30) underwent stretching exercises twice a week; the Control Group (n=25) was subjected only to evaluation. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale, functional disability by the Oswestry Questionnaire, global flexibility by third finger to the ground test and the ability of TrA contraction by a pressure biofeedback unit. Three evaluations were performed, starting after 8 and 16 weeks from the beginning. Significance level was αO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do alongamento muscular, usando uma sequência proposta pelo Método Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) na redução da dor, na incapacidade funcional, no aumento da flexibilidade global e na capacidade de contração do músculo transverso do abdome (TrA), em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica inespecífica. Participaram 55 pacientes, de 18 a 60 anos, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Alongamento (n=30) submetido a exercícios de alongamento, duas vezes por semana, e Grupo Controle (n=25) que não realizou tratamento. A dor foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica; a incapacidade funcional, pelo Índice de Oswestry; a flexibilidade global, pelo terceiro dedo ao solo; e a capacidade de contração do TrA, pela unidade de biofeedback pressórico. Foram realizadas três avaliações, inicial, após 8 e 16 semanas da inicial. Foi considerado nível de significância de &#945

MEDICALIZAÇÃO DA MORTE NO BRASIL: impactos e repercussões do consumo farmacológico sob a ótica do cuidado paliativo

Introduction: How the medicalization of death entered palliative care and the lives of individuals as a whole, their families and the entire community. Opening a new look and a new way of care. Objective: to understand how palliative care inserted the medicalization of death in its historical process, thus being able to modify its scenarios and the entire approach to the care transformation process, which occurred from secularization. Seen as the loss of wit and layman, the category of expectation of knowing becomes an object of medicalization, acquiring new meanings. Analysis and discussion of the results: It can be said that medicalization is something that has existed since past centuries until today, for all stages of life. Placing it as a problem of the medicalization process that is not recent, medicalization was already included in society, being included in palliative care as a relation to health and the construction of a death with dignity, and it undertook the process of demedicalization of death. Methodology: type of article review, considering that secondary sources were used as a basis for composing the article. We used bibliographic review as a data collection instrument. With medicalization emphasizing palliative care. In this step we use the qualitative approach. In this way, it intends to analyze bibliographical research. Conclusion: There has always been medicalization over the centuries, but it was consolidated from the moment we talk about medicalization when referring to something that has become medical, therefore the target of a clinical look, which analyzes, diagnoses and prescribes ways to treat the problem , known as hospital-centric health care. Palliative care came in as a way of seeing death differently, not seeing it as the end, but facing death with new perspectives in front of a great process towards death, thus observing a better purpose for the patient's quality of life. individual and their possible possibilities, always valuing their will, as said, in the emphasis received on the right to individual autonomy, which denotes the preeminence of moral values ​​in force in each context examined. It can even be said that palliative care promotes the demedicalization of death.Introdução: Como a medicalização da morte entrou no cuidado paliativo e na vida do individuo como um todo, de seus familiares e de toda sua coletividade. Abrindo um novo olhar e um novo modo do cuidado. Objetivo: entender como o cuidado paliativo inseriu a medicalização da morte em seu processo histórico, podendo assim modificar seus cenários e  toda abordagem do processo de transformação do cuidado, ocorrido a partir da secularização. Visto como a perda da sagacidade e leigo, a categoria da  expectativa de conhecer torna-se objeto de medicalização, adquirindo novos significados. Analise e discussão dos resultados:: Pode se dizer que a medicalização é um algo que tem se desde os séculos passados ate hoje, para todas as fases da vida. Colocando como um problema do processo de medicalização que não é recente, a medicalização já era inclusa na sociedade, sendo incluída no cuidado paliativo como relação à saúde e a construção de uma morte com dignidade, sendo que acalçaram o processo de desmedicalização da morte. Metodologia:tipo de revisão de artigo, haja vista que utilizou como base fontes secundarias para composição do artigo.Usamos como instrumento de coleta de dados por revisão bibliográficas. Com medicalização em ênfase no cuidado paliativo. Nesse passo utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa. Dessa froma pretende analisar pesquisas bibliográficas. Conclusão: Sempre houve a medicalização ao longo dos séculos, mas se consolidou a partir do momento em que falamos de medicalização ao nos referir que algo se tornou médico, portanto alvo de um olhar clínico, que analisa, diagnostica e prescreve formas de tratar o problema, conhecido como hospitalocêntrico na atenção a saúde. O cuidado paliativo entrou como uma forma de ver a morte de modo diferente, não a ver como o fim e sim de encarar a morte com novos olhares em frente a um grande processo para a morte, assim observando um propósito melhor a qualidade de vida do individuo e suas possíveis possibilidades, sempre valorizando a sua vontade, como dito, no destaque recebido ao direito de autonomia individual, o que denota a preeminência de valores morais vigentes em cada contexto examinado. Pode até se dizer que o cuidado paliativo é o promotor da desmedicalização da morte

Simulating land use changes, sediment yields, and pesticide use in the Upper Paraguay River Basin: Implications for conservation of the Pantanal wetland

As a consequence of accelerated and excessive use of pesticides in tropical regions, wilderness areas are under threat; this includes the Pantanal wetlands in the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB). Using a Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) modelling approach, we estimated the expected pesticide load in the Pantanal and the surrounding highlands region for 2050 under three potential scenarios: i) business as usual (BAU), ii) acceleration of anthropogenic changes (ACC), and iii) use of buffer zones around protected areas (BPA). The quantity of pesticides used in the UPRB is predicted to vary depending on the scenario, from an overall increase by as much as 7.4% in the UPRB in the BAU scenario (increasing by 38.5% in the floodplain and 6.6% in the highlands), to an increase of 11.2% in the UPRB (over current use) under the AAC scenario (increasing by 53.8% in the floodplain and 7.5% in the highlands). Much higher usage of pesticides is predicted in sub-basins with greater agricultural areas within major hydrographic basins. Changing the current trajectory of land management in the UPRB is a complex challenge. It will require a substantial shift from current practices, and will involve the implementation of a number of strategies, ranging from the development of new technologies to achieve changes in land use policies, to increasing dialogue between farmers, ranchers, the scientific community, and local or traditional communities through participatory learning processes and outreach

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Fragrancias e nectar florais na determinação de padrões horarios de visitação as flores de cinco especies vegetais

Orientador: Marlies SazimaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaDoutoradoBiologia VegetalDoutor em Ciências Biológica

Osmóforos: Retrospectiva dos Últimos 20 Anos de Pesquisa

Resumo Foram levantados os trabalhos produzidos nos últimos 20 anos de pesquisa em osmóforos, uma estrutura glandular floral envolvida na secreção de substâncias voláteis acompanhada, em muitos casos, de termogênese. As informações abrangem as tendências de pesquisa na estrutura e ultraestrutura anatômica da glândula, no perfil químico dos voláteis secretados, seu envolvimento na ecologia da polinização de angiospermas e nas respostas etológicas e eletrofisiológicas de insetos, induzidas pelos osmóforos e suas secreções

A Melitofilia em Passiflora alata Dryander (Passifloraceae), em Vegetação de Restinga

RESUMO A polinização de Passiflora alata Dryander decorre da atividade de coleta de néctar ou pólen por abelhas Anthophoridae e Apidae de grande porte durante todo o período de floração entre março e setembro. O vôo, possivelmente seguindo rotas de visitas, permite a polinização cruzada, favorecida pela deflexão dos órgãos reprodutivos. Há flores que não apresentam deflexão dos estiletes e podem ser consideradas como funcionalmente masculinas, o que pode interferir na alocação total de recursos para a produção de sementes