Facilitating Wolbachia introductions into mosquito populations through insecticide-resistance selection.

Wolbachia infections are being introduced into mosquito vectors of human diseases following the discovery that they can block transmission of disease agents. This requires mosquitoes infected with the disease-blocking Wolbachia to successfully invade populations lacking the infection. While this process is facilitated by features of Wolbachia, particularly their ability to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, blocking Wolbachia may produce deleterious effects, such as reduced host viability or fecundity, that inhibit successful local introductions and subsequent spatial spread. Here, we outline an approach to facilitate the introduction and spread of Wolbachia infections by coupling Wolbachia introduction to resistance to specific classes of insecticides. The approach takes advantage of very high maternal transmission fidelity of Wolbachia infections in mosquitoes, complete incompatibility between infected males and uninfected females, the widespread occurrence of insecticide resistance, and the widespread use of chemical control in disease-endemic countries. This approach is easily integrated into many existing control strategies, provides population suppression during release and might be used to introduce Wolbachia infections even with high and seasonally dependent deleterious effects, such as the wMelPop infection introduced into Aedes aegypti for dengue control. However, possible benefits will need to be weighed against concerns associated with the introduction of resistance alleles

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Di Pg-tpa Alam Uswatun Khasanah Sleman YOGYAKARTA

: This study aims to describe the implementation of character education in language teaching and learning in PG - TPA Natural Uswatun Khasanah Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study used a case study research design with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation of participation or involvement, while the school focus of this study was the play group. The data obtained included field notes and interview drafts. The results indicate the implementation of character education in language teaching and learning in the PG-TPA Uswatun Khasanah at age 2-5 years was carried out in an integrated and graded mode, based on children\u27s age. The integrated language teaching and learning included listening, speaking, and reading. The character education was intended to develop the child\u27s autonomy, environmental sensitivity, cultural love and contextual learning. The PG-TPA Uswatun Khasanah teaching and learning emphasized contextual learning. Children were involved directly in the learning themes. Involving children directly became a means of implanting character education. Children were shown how to be grateful God\u27s mercy by learning about nature, respecting, loving, and caring for others, being brave, disciplined, obedient, responsible, and courteous

Analisa Kadar Kromium VI [Cr (VI)] Air di Kecamatan Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo

Tanggulangin is one of the sub-districts in Sidoarjo district affected by Lapindo mudflow caused by oil drilling system error located in the area of Siring, Porong. Therefore it had impacted the water quality in around Lapindo mudflow area. The aim of this research was to analysis the levels of water Cr (VI) Tanggulangin district. Water sample was analyzed by spectrophotometer with wavelength of 540 nm and done using two (2) steps ,which were(1) establishment of standard curve and (2) determination of Cr (VI) in water. Ten (10) water samples were taken from various villages in the subdistrict Tanggulangin. Based on the results on level of water chromium VI [Cr (VI)] analyze showed 4 of 10 samples had levels of water Cr (VI)higher than standard 0,05 mg/L (PP No.82 tahun 2001), those sample were 1, 3,4 and 10

Annealing Effects on Silica Based Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Electron Beam Irradiation

Defect in channel waveguide fabricated by e-beam irradiation of PECVD silica-on-silicon films are analyzed by characterizing the propagation constant change due to high temperature annealing. The changes of normalized compaction are also described and the theoretical prediction on the variation of normalized compaction with anneal temperature in isochronal annealing is also provided

Desain Pandu Gelombang Paralel Terisolasi Dengan Method of Lines

Optical directional couplers are fundamental building components for the design ofoptical circuits. The proper treatment of a device that couples the guided modes ofa waveguide with the radiation in free space is particularly difficult because of thecontinuum nature of the radiating modes. The desire of high-density integrationposes additional problems due to the fact that the simplest used couplingstructures need to be quite large. In order to reduce the size of the device we studynon-periodic structures based on air gap isolated directional couplers, for whichadditional degrees of freedom are available. The analysis of this type of structuresrequires a rigorous method for the solution of the field equations. We employ themethod of lines for the computation of such coupler characteristics

A Visual Narration of Hells in Buddhism and Islam

The visualization of the Hell's Tortures both in Buddhism and in Islam is exactly similar. However, their kind of ‘theological' tendencies may result different outcome. By comparing the visual narration of the Buddhism and Islamic comic books dealing with hell illustrations, I made an‘imaginary' dialogue between the concept and visuality of hells tortures that exist in both traditions, and see the impact on how far a sincere dialogue could be achieved in these two religious people. During this comparison, I found that both Buddhism and Islam in Java had ever made such an interesting dialogue

Pemanfaatan Energi Panas Matahari Pada Batu Andesit Terhadap Thermoelectric Cooler Tipe 12706

Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) merupakan komponen penghasil listrik alternatif yang erat kaitannya dengan pemanfaatan panas atau kalor untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Modul TEC memanfaatkan perbedaan suhu untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan energi panas matahari pada batu andesit terhadap thermoelectric cooler tipe 12706 sebagai alternatif penghasil energi listrik tenaga surya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen laboratorium. Pegujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan TEC1-12706. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media batu andesit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media untuk menyimpan panas, sehingga TEC dapat dibangkitkan menghasilkan listrik. Data yang peneliti peroleh ialah terdapat 3 hasil pengujian yaitu, pegujian TEC tanpa beban, pegujian TEC dengan beban resistor 100 ohm dan pengujian TEC dengan beban 250 ohm. Dari ketiga data pengujian tersebut bahwa perbedaan suhu dan tegangan yang dihasilkan TEC lebih optimal pada pengujian TEC tanpa beban yaitu menghasilkan tegangan sebesar 175 mV dan perbedaan suhu 8,1 °C selama penyinaran 30 menit