Interaction of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) with bovine intestinal epithelium

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), particularly of serotype 0157:H7, are the most common cause of haemorrhagic colitis (HC) which can lead to life-threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Verotoxins (VT; or shiga-like toxins - Stx) are major virulence factors and are key determinants in the patho-physiology of EHEC infections in humans. Cattle are the most important asymptomatic reservoir host for EHEC and recently terminal rectum was identified as the principal site of E. coli 0157:H7 colonization in cattle. First objective of this research project was to immuno-phenotypically characterise terminal rectal tissue of cattle. Secondly, to develop and characterise primary rectal epithelial cell culture as an in vitro model to study interaction with EHEC strains. The primary epithelial culture with mixed population of cells including proliferating crypt-like, differentiated epithelial and goblet cells, closely resembled a native intestinal epithelium. A subset of cells in the culture expressed vimentin and trancytosed microparticles thus phenotypically and functionally resembled to antigen sampling M-like cells in vivo.Initial work identified potential contribution of VTs to bacterium-host interactions and this investigation aimed to characterise roles of VT in colonization of bovine intestinal epithelium by EHEC. For this, adherence of a panel of wild-type and mutant (VT- negative) EHEC strains to primary rectal epithelial cells was assessed. Carriage of VT was associated with greater adherence to epithelium as demonstrated by higher capacity to form microcolonies compared to isogenic VT-negative strains. Pre-treatment of cells with VT produced a similar phenotype. VT exhibited further effects on epithelium through reduction of expression and secretion of IL-8, an important epithelial inflammatory mediator. VTs therefore do not show classic cytotoxicity for bovine intestinal epithelium but do exert pleiotropic effects on these cells, by modifying epithelial physiology hence enabling EHEC colonisation. The role of flagellae in interaction of E. coli Oi57:H7 with epithelium was also investigated. H7 flagellae acted as an adhesin only during the early stages of interaction as, at later stages, bacteria attached to actin-pedestals or in microcolonies did not express flagellae. Hence, H7 flagellum was identified as an adhesin, important in initial adherence of E. coli 0157:H7 to bovine rectal epithelium

Klinički mastitis uzrokovan gljivicom Geotrichum candidum.

Mastitis, which has multiple and complex aetiology, is a common syndrome among bovines and inflicts enormous losses on livestock owners. The mastitis cases are infectious in nature and are usually caused by bacteria, fungi/yeasts and some algae. An interesting case of protracted clinical mastitis in a Holstein-Fresian cow in its third lactation was encountered, with exclusive involvement of Geotrichum candidum, an extremely rare in occurrence. G. candidum, an opportunisitic, keratinophilic yeast-like fungus, was identified by its diagnostic colonial characteristics and microscopic morphology, i.e. rectangular arthrospores (arthroconidia) after staining with lactophenol cotton blue stain (LPCB) in a wet mount, and Gram’s stain after heat fixation of the smear. This fungal isolate was also subjected to in-vitro antifungal sensitivity test against cotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, amphotericin-B and nystatin, but was found sensitive only to amphotericin-B.Mastitis u goveda je kompleksne etiologije i nanosi velike gospodarske štete. Najčešće je uzrokovan bakterijama, gljivicama i rijetko nekim algama. U radu je prikazana zanimljiva i veoma rijetka upala vimena krave holštajn-frizijske pasmine uzrokovana gljivicom Geotrichum candidum. Gljivica G. candidum je keratinofilna gljivica slična kvascima. Identificirana je na osnovi karakterističnih kolonija i morfoloških značajki artrospora vidljivih nakon bojenja. Određena je i osjetljivost izdvojene gljivice prema klotrimazolu, ketokonazolu, mikonazolu, amfotericinu B i nistatinu. Osjetljivost je utvrđena samo za amfotericin B

Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons in the S=1 tetramer antiferromagnet K2Ni2(MoO4)3: A compound close to quantum critical point

The structure of K2Ni2(MoO4)3 consists of S=1 tetramers formed by Ni^{2+} ions. The magnetic susceptibility chi(T) and specific heat Cp(T) data on a single crystal show a broad maximum due to the low-dimensionality of the system with short-range spin correlations. A sharp peak is seen in chi(T) and Cp(T) at about 1.13 K, well below the broad maximum. This is an indication of magnetic long-range order i.e., the absence of spin-gap in the ground state. Interestingly, the application of a small magnetic field (H>0.1 T) induces magnetic behavior akin to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplon excitations observed in some spin-gap materials. Our results demonstrate that the temperature-field (T-H) phase boundary follows a power-law (T-T_{N})propotional to H^(1/alpha) with the exponent 1/alpha close to 2/3, as predicted for BEC scenario. The observation of BEC of triplon excitations in small H infers that K2Ni2(MoO4)3 is located in the proximity of a quantum critical point, which separates the magnetically ordered and spin-gap regions of the phase diagram.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communication

Balancing Bounded Treewidth Circuits

Algorithmic tools for graphs of small treewidth are used to address questions in complexity theory. For both arithmetic and Boolean circuits, it is shown that any circuit of size $n^{O(1)}$ and treewidth $O(\log^i n)$ can be simulated by a circuit of width $O(\log^{i+1} n)$ and size $n^c$, where $c = O(1)$, if $i=0$, and $c=O(\log \log n)$ otherwise. For our main construction, we prove that multiplicatively disjoint arithmetic circuits of size $n^{O(1)}$ and treewidth $k$ can be simulated by bounded fan-in arithmetic formulas of depth $O(k^2\log n)$. From this we derive the analogous statement for syntactically multilinear arithmetic circuits, which strengthens a theorem of Mahajan and Rao. As another application, we derive that constant width arithmetic circuits of size $n^{O(1)}$ can be balanced to depth $O(\log n)$, provided certain restrictions are made on the use of iterated multiplication. Also from our main construction, we derive that Boolean bounded fan-in circuits of size $n^{O(1)}$ and treewidth $k$ can be simulated by bounded fan-in formulas of depth $O(k^2\log n)$. This strengthens in the non-uniform setting the known inclusion that $SC^0 \subseteq NC^1$. Finally, we apply our construction to show that {\sc reachability} for directed graphs of bounded treewidth is in $LogDCFL$

Determinants and Perfect Matchings

We give a combinatorial interpretation of the determinant of a matrix as a generating function over Brauer diagrams in two different but related ways. The sign of a permutation associated to its number of inversions in the Leibniz formula for the determinant is replaced by the number of crossings in the Brauer diagram. This interpretation naturally explains why the determinant of an even antisymmetric matrix is the square of a Pfaffian.Comment: 15 pages, terminology improved, exposition tightened, "deranged matchings" example remove

Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin with microalbuminuria to predict renal damage in diabetic patients

Background: Regular screening of levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and microalbuminuria, diabetic nephropathy can be prevented. The aim was to assess and compare the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, microalbuminuria and serum creatinine in type 2 diabetic patients divided in groups of those on default antidiabetic treatment compared with those on regular antidiabetic treatment and to assess its correlation in type 2 of diabetic nephropathy. Methods:Two hundred diabetic patients above 40 years of age and 200 age matched control subjects with levels of glycosylated hemoglobin < 6.5% and on regular antiglycemic therapy were selected. Fasting plasma sugar was estimated by the glucose oxidase (GOD) - glucose peroxidase (POD). Glycosylated hemoglobin and microalbuminuria level was measured by the immunoturbidimetric method and serum creatinine estimation was done by the Jaffe’s kinetic method. p value was drawn using the student’s paired t-test. Results: There is a strong correlation between the increase in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin with the corresponding rise in the levels of microalbuminuria and serum creatinine. Conclusion: Periodic surveillance of the levels of microalbuminuria should be carried out in the type 2 diabetic patients to prevent further damage by early detection of diabetic nephropathy.

Ovarian stromal tumor with minor sex-cord element with virilizing menifestations: a rare case report

Sex cord stromal tumor is a rare variety of ovarian tumor. These tumor have association with testosterone production which lead to virilisation in females. Here we report a case of 40yrs old female P2 L2 who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of virilisation: deepening of voice, hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey score24), clitoromegaly, and breast atrophy. In this patient, serum testosterone and TSH levels were raised.  An ovarian mass was detected on ultrasonography. Exploratory laparotomy proceeds, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-opherectomy was done. On histopathological examination the ovarian mass turned out a sex-cord stromal tumor of fibroma thecoma group-cellular fibroma with minor sex-cord like elements. Post-operatively her serum testosterone level declined and signs and symptoms of virilisation started regressing.

Synthesis of novel antimicrobial aryl himachalene derivatives from naturally occurring himachalenes

Five new 2,9,9-trimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-benzocyclohepten-5-ylidene-amine derivatives (16a-16e) were synthesized from α-dehydro-ar-himachalene (11) that was originally prepared from an isomeric mixture of α, β and γ himachalenes (10), the abundant sesquiterpenes of Cedrus deodara essential oil. In addition, different aryl himachalenes derivatives (9, 12, 14 and 15) were also formed from 11. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their NMR, IR and mass spectral data. The prepared compounds were tested against a group of sixteen organisms including gram positive and gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. The introduction of a series of substituted imine groups into aryl himachalenes at 5th position (16a-16e) enhanced antimicrobial activity as compared to the aromatized derivatives (9, 12, 14 and 15) against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, and mycotoxigenic fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, A. ochraceous and A. sydowii

Analysis of Computer Network Security Storage System Based on Cloud Computing Environment

A fundamental component of cloud computers from a business perspective is that users are allowed to use any desire and pay with a product that desire. Its cloud services were accessible anytime and anywhere consumers needed them. As a result, consumers are free to purchase whatever IT services they want, and they don't have to worry about how easy things can be managed. The remote server is used in a new information storage computing architecture that is considered an Internet generation. Ensuring security, material at resource providers' sites is a challenge that must be addressed in cloud technology. Thus, rather than reliance on a single provider for knowledge storing, this research implies developing construction for protection of knowledge stockpiling with a variation of operations, in which knowledge is scrambled and divided into numerous cipher frames and distributed across a large number of provider places. This support was applied to provide greater security, scalability, or reliability that was suggested according to the new structure. This paper, presented an encoded model for the cloud environment to improve security. The proposed model comprises the parity metadata for the database management provision to the provider. In the developed encoder chunks parity is not stored within the single resources with the provision of the available information chunks. The constructed security architecture in the RAID layer increases the dependability of the data with the deployment of the RAID 10 deployment. The developed RAID-based encoder chunks exhibit improved efficiency for the higher uptime at a minimal cost

Recommendation Model-Based 5G Network and Cognitive System of Cloud Data with AI Technique in IOMT Applications

Recommender system provides the significant suggestion towards the effective service offers for the vast range of big data. The Internet of Things (IoT) environment exhibits the value added application services to the customer with the provision of the effective collection and processing of information. In the extension of the IoT, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is evolved for the patient healthcare monitoring and processing. The data collected from the IoMT are stored and processed with the cognitive system for the data transmission between the users. However, in the conventional system subjected to challenges of processing big data while transmission with the cognitive radio network. In this paper, developed a effective cognitive 5G communication model with the recommender model for the IoMT big data processing. The proposed model is termed as Ranking Strategy Internet of Medical Things (RSIoMT). The proposed RSIoMT model uses the distance vector estimation between the feature variables with the ranking. The proposed RSIoMT model perform the recommender model with the ranking those are matches with the communication devices for improved wireless communication quality. The proposed system recommender model uses the estimation of direct communication link between the IoMT variables in the cognitive radio system. The proposed RSIoMT model evaluates the collected IoMT model data with the consideration of the four different healthcare datasets for the data transmission through cognitive radio network. Through the developed model the performance of the system is evaluated based on the deep learning model with the consideration of the collaborative features. The simulation analysis is comparatively examined based on the consideration of the wireless performance. Simulation analysis expressed that the proposed RSIoMT model exhibits the superior performance than the conventional classifier. The comparative analysis expressed that the proposed mode exhibits ~3 – 4% performance improvement over the conventional classifiers. The accuracy of the&nbsp; developed model achieves 99% which is ~3 – 9% higher than the conventional classifier. In terms of the channel performance, the proposed RSIoMT model exhibits the reduced recommender relay selection count of 1 while the other technique achieves the relay value of 13 which implies that proposed model performance is ~4-6% higher than the other techniques