Episodes of biomass burning and European sulphate intrusions affecting Iberian Peninsula between 2005 and 2020

26 páginas, ilustraciones[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los eventos de quema de biomasa e intrusión de sulfatos europeos que afectaron a diferentes sectores de la Península Ibérica desde 2005 hasta 2020. Los datos empleados han sido suministrados por el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. Se han analizado las tendencias anuales y estacionales. Además, se han estudiado los tipos de tiempo para comprobar su potencial relación con los eventos de quema de biomasa e intrusión de sulfatos. Los resultados muestran que el sector Noroeste es el más afectado tanto por eventos de quema de biomasa como por intrusiones de sulfatos. Los eventos de quema de biomasa son más frecuentes en verano, mientras que las intrusiones de sulfato son más frecuentes en primavera. Adicionalmente, se identificaron episodios de incendios forestales que coincidieron con superaciones del valor límite diario de PM10 (50 μg/m3 , establecido por la Directiva 2008/50/CE) en la ciudad de León y se seleccionó un evento para evaluar su efecto en la calidad del aire de la ciudad. El uso de herramientas adicionales (modelo Hysplit y NAAPs) permitió identificar el origen de las masas de aire que llegaron a la ciudad de León en esos días[EN] The objective of this work is to study biomass burning events and intrusion of European sulphates that affected different sectors of mainland Spain from 2005 to 2020. Data for each sector were retrieved from the site of Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. The annual and seasonal trends have been analysed. Moreover, the weather types have been studied to check their potential relation with the biomass burning events and intrusion of sulphates. The results showed that the northwest sector is the most affected by both biomass burning events and sulphate intrusions. Biomass burning events are more frequent in summer while sulphate intrusions are more frequent in spring. Additionally, wildfires episodes that coincided with exceedances of the PM10 daily limit value (50 μg/m3 , established by Directive 2008/50/EC) in the city of León were identified and an event was selected to evaluate its effect on the city air quality. Moreover, additional tools (model Hysplit and NAAPs) allowed to identify the origin of the air masses that reached the city of León on those day

Episodes of biomass burning and european sulphate intrusions affecting Iberian Peninsula between 2005 and 2020

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los eventos de quema de biomasa e intrusión de sulfatos europeos que afectaron a diferentes sectores de la Península Ibérica desde 2005 hasta 2020. Los datos empleados han sido suministrados por el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. Se han analizado las tendencias anuales y estacionales. Además, se han estudiado los tipos de tiempo para comprobar su potencial relación con los eventos de quema de biomasa e intrusión de sulfatos. Los resultados muestran que el sector Noroeste es el más afectado tanto por eventos de quema de biomasa como por intrusiones de sulfatos. Los eventos de quema de biomasa son más frecuentes en verano, mientras que las intrusiones de sulfato son más frecuentes en primavera. Adicionalmente, se identificaron episodios de incendios forestales que coincidieron con superaciones del valor límite diario de PM10 (50 μg/m3, establecido por la Directiva 2008/50/CE) en la ciudad de León y se seleccionó un evento para evaluar su efecto en la calidad del aire de la ciudad. El uso de herramientas adicionales (modelo Hysplit y NAAPs) permitió identificar el origen de las masas de aire que llegaron a la ciudad de León en esos días[EN] The objective of this work is to study biomass burning events and intrusion of European sulphates that affected different sectors of mainland Spain from 2005 to 2020. Data for each sector were retrieved from the site of Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. The annual and seasonal trends have been analysed. Moreover, the weather types have been studied to check their potential relation with the biomass burning events and intrusion of sulphates. The results showed that the northwest sector is the most affected by both biomass burning events and sulphate intrusions. Biomass burning events are more frequent in summer while sulphate intrusions are more frequent in spring. Additionally, wildfires episodes that coincided with exceedances of the PM10 daily limit value (50 μg/m3, established by Directive 2008/50/EC) in the city of León were identified and an event was selected to evaluate its effect on the city air quality. Moreover, additional tools (model Hysplit and NAAPs) allowed to identify the origin of the air masses that reached the city of León on those day

Daily cigarette smoking among colombian high school students: gender related psychosocial factors

O objetivo foi estabelecer a prevalência e os fatores associados ao consumo diário de cigarro (CDC) em adolescentes estudantes de Bucaramanga, Colômbia. Uma amostra aleatória por conglomerados foi investigada (n= 2.291). A prevalência de CDC durante o último mês foi 11,6% (IC 95% 9,7-13,5) em varões e 4.4% (IC 95% 3,3-5,5) em mulheres. Em mulheres, o CDC associou-se ao consumo de alguma substância ilegal (OR 8,13; IC 95% 3,52-18,87), consumo abusivo de álcool (OR 5,88, IC 95%2,54-13,7), melhor amigo fumador (OR 3,25, IC 95% 1,38-7,63) e pobre o regular rendimento acadêmico (OR 2,46, IC 95% 1,25-4,85). Em varões, o CDC relacionou-se com o consumo de alguma substancia ilegal (OR 6,23, IC 95% 3,62-10,71), melhor amigo fumador (OR 5,87, IC 95% 2,93-11,76), pobre o regular rendimento acadêmico (OR 2,09, IC95% 1,34-3,24) e mais anos de idade (OR 1,48, IC 95% 1,21-1,81). O CDC apresenta similares fatores associados em mulheres e varões. Precisam-se de mais pesquisas.El objetivo fue establecer la prevalencia y los factores asociados a consumo diario de cigarrillo (CDC) en adolescentes estudiantes de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Una muestra aleatoria por conglomerado fue investigada (n = 2.291). La prevalencia de CDC durante el último mes fue 11,6% (IC 95% 9,7-13,5) en varones y 4,4% (IC 95% 3,3-5,5) en mujeres. En mujeres, el CDC se asoció a consumo de alguna sustancia ilegal (OR 8,13, IC95% 3,52-18,87), consumo abusivo de alcohol (OR 5,88, IC 95% 2,54-13,70), mejor amigo fumador (OR 3,25, IC 95% 1,38-7,63) y pobre o regular rendimiento académico (OR 2,46, IC95% 1,25-4,85). En varones, el CDC se relacionó con consumo de alguna sustancia ilegal (OR 6,23, IC 95% 3,62-10,71), mejor amigo fumador (OR 5,87, IC 95% 2,93-11,76), pobre o regular rendimiento académico (OR 2,09, IC 95% 1,34-3,24) y más años de edad (OR 1,48, IC 95% 1,21-1,81). El CDC presenta muy similares factores asociados en mujeres y varones. Se necesitan más investigaciones.This study aimed to establish the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking (DCS) and its gender correlated factors in high-school attending adolescents from Bucaramanga, Colombia. A random cluster sample was surveyed (N = 2291). The previous month DCS prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 9.7-13.5) in boys and 4.4% (95% CI 3.3-5.5) in girls. In girls, DCS was associated with previous month illegal substance use (OR 8.13, 95%CI 3.52-18.87), abusive alcohol consumption (OR 5.88, 95% CI 2.54-13.70), being the best friend of a smoker (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.38-7.63), and poor or mediocre academic achievement (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.25-4.85). In boys, DCS was related to previous month substance use (OR 6.23, 95% CI 3.62-10.71), being the best friend of a smoker (OR 5.87, 95% CI 2.93-11.76), poor or mediocre academic achievement (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.34-3.24), and being older than non-smokers (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.81). DCS presents associated factors very similar for girls and boys. Thus, more research is needed

An Overview of Mexico’s Medical Tourism Industry: The Cases of Mexico City and Monterrey. version 1.0

In this report we offer some general information on Mexico and its health system before going into detail about key developments in its medical tourism industry. Complementing the main text, nine Appendices provide additional detailed insights. Appendix 1 offers a synthesis of media coverage of medical tourism in Mexico City’s main newspapers in recent years, while Appendix 2 is a synthesis of media coverage of 2 | P a g e medical tourism in Monterrey. In Appendix 3 we share a summary of policy documents central to medical tourism in Mexico. In this Appendix we consider five health equity indicators most often discussed in the medical tourism literature: (1) impacts on health human resources; (2) government involvement in the industry; (3) foreign investment in the industry; (4) impacts on private health care; and (5) impacts on public health care. In Appendix 4 we provide a list of agencies involved in medical tourism in Mexico City and Monterrey. Appendices 5 and 6 are respectively a map of facilities in Mexico City and Monterrey interested in medical tourism. Appendix 7 summarizes the advertised medical services and Appendix 8 lists the accepted national and international insurance agencies for select hospitals in Mexico City. Finally, the trade and investment treaties in Mexico are included in Appendix 9

An Interest Rate Peg Might Be Better than You Think

Trabajo presentado en el E-MRS 2013 Spring Meeting, celebrado en Estrasburgo (Francia) del 27 al 31 de mayo de 2013.Operando DRIFTS and high pressure XPS experiments are used to study CuO-CeO2 catalysts active in CO conversion reactions relevant for hydrogen production technology. Operando HP-XPS results show that in a CeO2/CuO catalyst with inverse configuration the addition of H2O to a CO stream on the sample at 473 K promotes the reduction of both Cu and Ce in the catalyst, facilitating the progress towards the Cu(0) state active in the WGS reaction. On the basis of DRIFTS data and exiting gas analysis this is ascribed to the displacement by water of surface carbonate groups which hinder catalyst activation. We will report also data on impregnated 1% CuO/CeO2 catalysts active in CO-PROX prepared using as support different types of CeO2 particles: nanocubes (NC) exposing only (001) surfaces, nanorods (NR) exposing as well (110) surfaces (these two being made hydrothermally) and sphere-like nanoparticles (NS) prepared via microemulsion and exposing mainly (111) and (001) surfaces. CuO/NC samples, besides showing in DRIFTS experiments surface species different from the others, display distinctly higher selectivity in the CO-PROX reaction. Operando DRIFTS data allow to ascribe this to a higher stability of Cu+ species in highly dispersed CuO clusters which interact more strongly with the ceria (001) surface (as confirmed by DFT modeling), so that the formation of hydrogen-activating Cu(0) is retarded. Operando HP-XPS experiments on this system are on their way.Peer Reviewe

Enabling high-quality transparent conductive oxide on 3D printed ZrO2 architectures through atomic layer deposition

The conformal atomic layer deposition of a transparent conductive oxide composed of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) over three-dimensional (3D) shaped ZrO2 microarchitectures produced using two-photon lithography (TPL) is reported here for the first time. The effect of ZrO2 morphology, surface roughness, and crystallographic phase (tetragonal and monoclinic) on the quality and properties of the deposited ZnO and AZO thin films is investigated. No discontinuities, domains, or areas differing from the desired chemical composition have been found in films grown over the 3D structures. Three different Al dopant concentrations (4.0 %, 4-5 %, and 5.0 % Al doping cycles) are examined and compared to undoped ZnO. AZO and ZnO optical and electrical properties are studied using cathodoluminescence (CL) and Hall effect measurements. The CL study confirms that the observed emissions from the ZnO and AZO films are associated with the near band emission of ZnO and defects, i.e., zinc and oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen. The AZO films exhibit n-type semiconductor behavior, and a minimum resistivity of 1.2 x 10-3 Ω cm is achieved. From a broad perspective, AZO deposition on 3D microarchitectures opens a new route towards dimensionally refined optoelectronic devices in which the ZrO2/AZO can serve a key enabling role for the production of electrodes

Options Journal of the Faculty of Financial Engineering of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga Volume 1. No. 2 December 2000

El primer número de nuestra revista fue fruto de la insistencia y la obsesión. Fuimos los primeros en Colombia en asumir el reto de una novedosa profesión, mezcla técnica de economía, finanzas, matemáticas y computación, y ese hecho nos motivaba, afortunadamente, a crear un órgano de difusión en el que pudiésemos divulgar a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional no solo nuestros propósitos de formación profesional sino, también, la forma como hemos venido construyendo la nueva disciplina desde nuestro enfoque particular. Aunque para lograr este cometido aún no tenemos el camino ideal, pues nuestros procesos investigativos apenas se están fortaleciendo, lo estamos construyendo. Por ello, en este Segundo número se recogen artículos con temáticas muy diversas, tal como sucedió en el anterior, desde los que hacen abstracciones matemáticas (La teoría del Caos y sus posibles aplicaciones en los mercados financieros) hasta aquellos aparentemente lejanos al objeto especifico de la Ingeniería Financiera (la argumentación en el discurso del aula), todos ellos producto más de reflexiones y los debates internos que de procesos de investigación propiamente dichos, Pero esto, en los primeros números de una revista con visión científica, es más virtud que debilidad.Trading on line, oportunidades de inversión en el mundo virtual. 4 - En el principio todo era caos... y surgieron las finanzas. 12.- La reforma financiera propuesta por la ley 510 de 1999. 16. - Tópicos de investigación en finanzas modernas. - 26 La argumentación en el discurso del aula. - 38- Un indicador de riesgo. 42. -The first issue of our magazine was the result of insistence and obsession. We were the first in Colombia to take on the challenge of a new profession, a technical mix of economics, finance, mathematics, and computing, and fortunately, that fact motivated us to create a dissemination body in which we could disclose to the national academic community and International not only our professional training purposes, but also the way in which we have been building the new discipline from our particular approach. Although to achieve this goal we still do not have the ideal path, because our investigative processes are just getting stronger, we are building it. For this reason, in this second number articles with very diverse themes are collected, as happened in the previous one, from those that make mathematical abstractions (Chaos theory and its possible applications in financial markets) to those apparently far from the specific object of Financial Engineering (argumentation in the classroom discourse), all of them the product more of reflections and internal debates than of actual research processes, But this, in the first issues of a journal with a scientific vision, is more of a virtue than a weakness

Combinatorial saturation mutagenesis of the Myceliophthora thermophila laccase T2 mutant: The connection between the C-terminal plug and the conserved509VSG511 tripeptide

A mutant laccase from the Ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila has been submitted to iterative cycles of combinatorial saturation mutagenesis through in vivo overlap extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Over 180,000 clones were explored, among which the S510G mutant revealed a direct interaction between the conserved 509VSG511 tripeptide, located in the neighborhood of the T1 site, and the C-terminal plug. The Km O 2 value of the mutant increased 1.5-fold, and the electron transfer pathway between the reducing substrate and the T1 copper ion was altered, improving the catalytic efficiency towards non-phenolic and phenolic substrates by about 3- and 8-fold. Although the geometry at the T1 site was perturbed by the mutation, paradoxically the laccase redox potential was not significantly altered. Together, the results obtained in this study suggest that the 509VSG511 tripeptide may play a hitherto unrecognized role in regulating the traffic of oxygen through the C-terminal plug, the latter blocking access to the T2/T3 copper cluster in the native enzyme.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science projects VEM2004-08559, CTQ2005-08925-C02-02/PPQ and CTQ2006-12097/BQU; the EU project NMP2-CT-2006-026456; a CSIC project 200580M121, the Ramón y Cajal Program, and the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsårdet, project ärandenummer: 621-2005-3581). MZ was supported by a fellowship from the “Gobierno Vasco” and CV by a fellowship from the FPU program of the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia”.Peer Reviewe

Evaluación de diferentes pruebas para el diagnóstico de H. Pylori.

Todos los métodos disponibles para el diagnóstico de H. pylori tienen diferencias en su sensibilidad y especificidad. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el índice de desempeño, sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de cuatro métodos invasivos, teniendo como técnica de referencia la definición de caso: cultivo positivo o la concordancia de por lo menos dos procesos de diagnósticos positivos