Estimation of leakage power and delay in CMOS circuits using parametric variation

SummaryWith the advent of deep-submicron technologies, leakage power dissipation is a major concern for scaling down portable devices that have burst-mode type integrated circuits. In this paper leakage reduction technique HTLCT (High Threshold Leakage Control Transistor) is discussed. Using high threshold transistors at the place of low threshold leakage control transistors, result in more leakage power reduction as compared to LCT (leakage control transistor) technique but at the scarifies of area and delay. Further, analysis of effect of parametric variation on leakage current and propagation delay in CMOS circuits is performed. It is found that the leakage power dissipation increases with increasing temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. However, opposite pattern is noticed for the propagation delay. Leakage power dissipation for LCT NAND gate increases up to 14.32%, 6.43% and 36.21% and delay decreases by 22.5%, 42% and 9% for variation of temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. Maximum peak of equivalent output noise is obtained as 127.531nV/Sqrt(Hz) at 400mHz

Digital natives problems and challenges in learning English

This research aims to analyze the problems and challenges encountered by Digital Natives and to find out how they overcome them in English learning. The Digital Natives were students of the English Department, IAIN Salatiga, in Academic Year 2017/2018. The methodology of this research was descriptive qualitative. This research used questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was used to find out the problem, challenge, and solution of Digital Natives in learning English. The interview section was to collect the information from participants about their experience, the problems and challenges, and how to solve them. This research, it was conducted data analysis by data reduction by simplifying, classifying, and removing unnecessary or irrelevant data to achieve the best finding of the research. The results showed that bad internet signal and connection, the negative effect of the technology and language learning problem. The challenge they frequently have is coping with the problem of lack of English vocabulary and they are being unsociable to the environment. The research showed that technology can be used as an effective digital tool to learn English. It can be seen by the participants’ learning experience. The digital tool assists English learner by overcoming their problems and challenges, what are the participants get more in using the digital tool is how fun the digital tool make easier for English learners... To overcome those problems, they should be wise with their dependence on the gadget and the internet. Then after a long time getting difficult vocabulary, they looked up some online dictionaries and asked to their friends

The establishment of Forest Plantation

The establishment of forest plantation of Eucalyptus deglupta in the humid tropic, for pulp and paper industry has so far been hindered seriously by insect stem borer larvae (Zeuzera coffeae ), damaging young and mature stands, and cause important financial lost. Coupling with integral forest pest management and good silvicultural treatements, a strategy for resistance breeding program to stem borer larvea need to be developped for that promising species, in order to establish sound industrial plantation and to accelerate genetic gain achievement per unit time. This study deal with the assement of eucalyptus deglupta woods properties, (including anatomical, physicals properties, and chemical substances), that may supposedly be directly implied in resistency mechanisms of Leda againts insect stem borer attack. The preliminary results indicated that sound, tolerant and resistant indvidual trees tend to have higher wood density, than unhealty one. Sound, resistant and tolerant trees tend also to have greater and statistically different in fiber length, fiber diameter, cells walls thickness and lumen diameter than that of unhealty one, especially from that one that have been fortly attacked by stem borer. The preliminary results also indicated that resistance trees tend to exhibit more alcaloid, terpenoid and flavonoid content than the unhealty one. However, the results need to be confirmed by addition of more wood samples to be analysed for each type of degree of insect injury.

The establishment of Forest Plantation

The establishment of forest plantation of Eucalyptus deglupta in the humid tropic, for pulp and paper industry has so far been hindered seriously by insect stem borer larvae (Zeuzera coffeae ), damaging young and mature stands, and cause important financial lost. Coupling with integral forest pest management and good silvicultural treatements, a strategy for resistance breeding program to stem borer larvea need to be developped for that promising species, in order to establish sound industrial plantation and to accelerate genetic gain achievement per unit time. This study deal with the assement of eucalyptus deglupta woods properties, (including anatomical, physicals properties, and chemical substances), that may supposedly be directly implied in resistency mechanisms of Leda againts insect stem borer attack. The preliminary results indicated that sound, tolerant and resistant indvidual trees tend to have higher wood density, than unhealty one. Sound, resistant and tolerant trees tend also to have greater and statistically different in fiber length, fiber diameter, cells walls thickness and lumen diameter than that of unhealty one, especially from that one that have been fortly attacked by stem borer. The preliminary results also indicated that resistance trees tend to exhibit more alcaloid, terpenoid and flavonoid content than the unhealty one. However, the results need to be confirmed by addition of more wood samples to be analysed for each type of degree of insect injury.

Estimation of leakage power and delay in CMOS circuits using parametric variation

With the advent of deep-submicron technologies, leakage power dissipation is a major concern for scaling down portable devices that have burst-mode type integrated circuits. In this paper leakage reduction technique HTLCT (High Threshold Leakage Control Transistor) is discussed. Using high threshold transistors at the place of low threshold leakage control transistors, result in more leakage power reduction as compared to LCT (leakage control transistor) technique but at the scarifies of area and delay. Further, analysis of effect of parametric variation on leakage current and propagation delay in CMOS circuits is performed. It is found that the leakage power dissipation increases with increasing temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. However, opposite pattern is noticed for the propagation delay. Leakage power dissipation for LCT NAND gate increases up to 14.32%, 6.43% and 36.21% and delay decreases by 22.5%, 42% and 9% for variation of temperature, supply voltage and aspect ratio. Maximum peak of equivalent output noise is obtained as 127.531 nV/Sqrt(Hz) at 400 mHz