Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevre Eğitimi Temalı Etkinlik Planlarının İncelenmesi

Bu çalışma, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevre eğitimi dersinde hazırladıkları etkinlik planlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışma bir devlet üniversitesi eğitim fakültesine devam eden 66 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunda yer alan okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarından 4’ü (%6,06) 2. sınıfa, 62’si (%93,93) 3. sınıfa devam etmektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının 52’si (%78,78) kadın 14’ü (%21,21) erkektir. Araştırma kapsamında okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarına 7 hafta boyunca çevre eğitimine yönelik teorik bilgiler verilmiştir. Ek olarak çevre eğitimi etkinlik planlarının nasıl hazırlanması gerektiğini içeren bilgiler de verilmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının farkındalık sahibi olması gereken konular biyoçeşitlilik, kirlilik, geri dönüşüm, enerji ve çevrenin üç temel bileşeni (hava, su ve toprak) olmak üzere 5 ana başlık altında toplanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarından bu konulara yönelik etkinlik planları hazırlamaları istenmiştir. Adaylar tarafından hazırlanan dokümanlar içerik analizine göre analiz edilmiştir. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevre eğitimi etkinlik planlarında yaptıkları hatalar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının hazırladıkları çevre eğitimi etkinlik planlarının kazanım, öğrenme süreci, değerlendirme bölümleri ve kullandıkları öğretim yöntem, teknik, ilkelere yönelik hataları olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Initial Studies Towards an Innovative Floating Wind-Hydrokinetic Power Station (FWHPS) for Upper Egypt Villages

The majority of Egyptians live either in the Nile delta, which is located north of Cairo and is known as Lower Egypt, or in the narrow strip of agricultural land south of Cairo on either side of the River Nile, known as Upper Egypt (UE). A report by the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics states that the poorest region in Egypt is the rural upper region (poverty rate of 49.4%). The number of villages in Egypt is 4655; around 22% of them suffer a continuous interruption of electricity. In its 2030 vision, Egypt is aiming to boost its renewable energy generation from 8% to 20%, specifically in UE. According to the Egyptian wind and current atlas, the wind and current have a high potential around the Nile which can be utilised for sustainable energy. This study reported here aims to investigate the concept of a floating hybrid system which will combine wind and hydropower generation for river applications, from technical feasibility, economic viability and environmental perspectives. The platform will offer a mobile, low emission and economically viable means of power generation for the poor population in UG villages

Full Baseband to RF Reader Design for a Passive RFID Tag with Multiple Environmental Sensors

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers are being widely used for transmitting and receiving information from chips or tags. The RF reader in this project will be used for communicating with previously designed self-powered sensors for humidity and temperature. The design has two main components, the analog frontend and digital baseband. Transceiver is operating at 1.2 GHz. For digital baseband, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used for interpreting data coming from RF frontend circuit. The FPGA decodes, processes, and then stores the data. The data rate of reader is 333 kbps

Safety culture assessment and implementation framework to enhance maritime safety

Accident investigation reports attribute the majority of marine accidents to human and organizational factors. Significant efforts are made to eliminate these errors in the maritime industry, but after each catastrophic accident, the maritime industry adopts a reactive approach which results in new regulations and an excessive amount of paperwork. None of these efforts provide the desired safety level for the maritime industry. Currently, the maritime industry is starting to implement proactive approaches and has tried to avoid re-occurrences by implementing an appropriate safety culture. Safety culture is defined as “how an organization behaves when no one is watching”. The safety culture approach describes humans as a means for improving safety rather than someone to blame for failure. A positive safety culture with commitment from all levels in the company can achieve the envisaged and required safety levels in the maritime industry. This paper presents a novel safety culture assessment and improvement framework to enhance the maritime safety and introduces preliminary results of the safety climate assessment within a company. The proposed framework will collect seafarer's attitudes, leading/lagging indicators and key performance indicators to analyze a company's current safety culture level and address the weakest areas to enhance the level of safety accordingly. New strategies and action plans will be proposed to improve these vulnerable areas. The selection of safety indicators will be adjustable according to a company's specific needs and the available data types. Safety indicators have a crucial importance in gaining an insight into a company's safety performance. The safety culture improvement framework will provide a guided way for companies to perform gap identification on their safety level. A management tool will also be developed for shipping companies to analyze and observe their current safety culture level continuously. Implementation of the safety culture assessment framework is a long term process and it requires up to five years of continual effort to get the final results. The results section doesn’t go beyond the assessment of safety climate and identification of the main differences between shore staff and crew members. In the next stages of the study, interviews and observations will be performed to validate the results of the questionnaire. More structured means of statistical analysis will be conducted to identify correlations between safety performance data and safety metrics

SEAHORSE procedure improvement system

Standardisation of operating procedures has been used in variety of different sectors with the aim of achieving more reliable operations hence operational safety. Likewise, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been adopted by the maritime sector and enforced through the regulatory framework in an attempt to achieve safer shipping operations. Despite the fact that regulations enforce the SOPs, it is often observed that during shipping operations these procedures are not followed due to various reasons. One of the most common reasons for not following the SOPs is because shipping companies suffer from poorly designed procedures, which are impractical, unclear or sometimes factually wrong. These poorly designed procedures are disregarded by crew members, which prevent the practical implementation of these SOP's during shipping operations. Therefore, it is of key importance that a systematic approach is needed to identify and improve the current SOP's as well as preventing potentially harmful workarounds. The EU FP7 SEAHORSE project is developing a "Procedure Improvement System" which will be actively used by the crew members any time anonymously. In order to achieve this, over 400 questionnaires have been collected from seafarers across Europe where they were asked to report on impractical SOPs and common workarounds conducted on board ships. These questionnaires were organised and a risk benefit analysis was conducted. This paper will report the initial results, as well as demonstrating the overall methodology for the SEAHORSE Project's procedure improvement system

Use of Aspergillus niger in the bioleaching of colemanite for the production of boric acid

Colemanite is one of the most important underground riches of Turkey, having approximately 60% of the world boron deposits, and it has a large portion in the deposits. In this study, chemical leaching and biological leaching methods were used for production of boric acid from colemanite (2CaO \ub7 3B3O3 \ub7 5H2O) (Emet-K\ufctahya, Turkey). Oxalic acid concentration, temperature, stirring time and solid-to-liquid ratio were taken as parameters in the chemical leaching process. It was found that the dissolution rate increases with increasing oxalic acid concentration and temperature but it decreases at higher solid-to-liquid ratios in the chemical leaching process. Using optimum conditions (d100 = 0.075 mm; 5% solids by weight; 0.55 M oxalic acid; 80 \ub1 2\ubaC leaching temperature; 150 rpm stirring speed; 90 min leaching time) for colemanite sample (28.05% B2O3) on chemical leaching with oxalic acid experiments, the calculated boric acid extraction efficiency from colemanite ore was 97.89%. Optimum conditions on bioleaching of Emet-K\ufctahya, Turkey colemanite ores using the fungus Aspergillus niger were found to be as follows: reaction temperature 25 \ub1 2oC; solid-to-liquid ratio 5% solids by weight; d100 = 0.075 mm; stirring speed 150 rpm; initial the fungus populations in the inocula about 3 x 107 cells/ml and reaction time 21 days. The calculated boric acid extraction efficiency from colemanite ore was 90.18% under the optimum conditions. Bioleachate contained 12.95 g/l B2O3, 6.60 g/l Ca and 0.087 g/l Mg. Compared with chemical leaching at 5% pulp density, the fungus was less efficient in the extraction of B2O3 from colemanite but the difference in the extraction yields between the two processes was less than 10%. Although bioleaching generally requires a longer period of operation compared to chemical leaching, these results suggest that bioleaching by A. niger may be an alternative or adjunct to conventional physicochemical treatment processes of colemanite to produce boric acid

Comparative life cycle costing analysis of green roofs: The regional aspect

The increasing environmental concerns and poor practices force construction industry to take some remedial measures for green and sustainable built environment. Especially in urban areas, one of these measures is to build green roofs for minimizing the environmental pollution. In fact, green roofs present a number of economic, environmental, and social benefits. However, compared with traditional roofs, green roof investments have high capital and maintenance costs and this makes potential investors hesitant about their applications. Therefore, in the present study, benefits and life cycle costing parameters of green roofs were evaluated through a literature review. In this context, numerical inputs and findings of past studies were utilized. In doing this, a special emphasis was placed on the regional characteristic of such investments as it is a natural feature of any life cycle costing analysis. In conclusion, the majority of benefits and life cycle costing parameters was found to be highly variable, and thus, any life cycle costing assessment that will be performed in the future should be case-sensitive instead of using some generalized or raw data. Therefore, based on findings and results of this study, industrial practitioners and potential customers may have a useful source of economic, environmental, and social information about green roofs while researchers may be encouraged for more region-specific studies

A structured selection process for small and medium enterprises in construction industry: Case of international projects

Construction industry in most countries relies heavily on small and medium enterprises (i.e., subcontractors). Therefore, in today’s highly competitive construction business, it is inevitable to select suitable subcontractors which physically execute almost all of production activities in construction projects. In this context, through a proper selection process, their competences should be guaranteed as much as possible. In fact, this becomes a more significant issue if the project undertaken is performed abroad. In this regard, it should be noted that Turkish construction companies have been significantly active in the international arena for decades. Based on these arguments, subcontractor characteristics to be considered in international projects should be revealed clearly. Accordingly, this paper proposes a structured process for subcontractor selection in international construction projects. Toward this aim, a questionnaire survey was applied to 96 construction companies, all of which are members of Turkish Contractors Association, and the corresponding numerical results were evaluated via descriptive statistics and 95% confidence interval. Thus, a three-step selection procedure together with their specific criteria was suggested from the conceptual point of view. These steps include (i) shortlisting with ten criteria, (ii) negotiation with seven criteria, and lastly (iii) final selection with seven criteria. Hence, this study can provoke potential researchers to find similarities or differences of such criteria between their countries and Turkey. Also, it can help both main contractors to execute the whole construction process in a financially sustainable environment and subcontractors to increase business opportunities in the international market

Üreter Obstrüksiyonu Oluşturulan Ratlarda HES 130/0.4’ün Eritrosit Deformabilitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Amaç: Plazma genişleticilerinin uygulanması, önemli cerrahi, hemorajik şok ve travmayı içeren çeşitli klinik koşullardaki kritik hastaları yönetmek için çok önemlidir. Bununla birlikte, hidroksietil nişastanın (HES) eritrosit agregasyonu üzerindeki etkileri tartışmalıdır. Bu nedenle, deneysel tek taraflı üreteral tıkanıklık ile oluşturulan böbrek yetmezliğinde HES 130/0.4'ün eritrosit deformabilitesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Toplam 24 rat kontrol, HES 130/0.4, Üreter Obstrüksiyon (ÜO) ve ÜOHES 130/0.4 olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Üreteral tıkanıklık gruplarına ketamin anestezisi altında düşük abdominal insizyon yapıldı. Sağ üreterin distaline ulaşıldıktan sonra 2.0 mersilen ile bağlandı, daha sonra geç dönemde böbrek yetmezliği için 3 hafta bekledi. 20 mL.kg-1 HES 130/0.4 (Voluven), HES 130/0.4 ve ÜO-HES 130/0.4 grubuna intravenöz olarak verildi. 24 saat sonra ratlar sakrifiye edildi. Deformabilite ölçümleri bir fosfat tamponlu salin (PBS) tamponu içinde% 5 hematokrit kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Her grupta rölatif rezistans kontrol grubuna göre arttı (p<0.0001). Her grupta eritrosit deformabilite indeksi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (Grup K-Grup HES, p=0.023, Grup K-Grup ÜO, p<0.0001, Grup K-Grup ÜO-HES, p<0.0001) . ÜO-HES grubunda HES grubuna kıyasla eritrosit deformabilite indeksi önemli derecede arttı (p=0.031, p=0.021, sırasıyla). HES 130/0.4 uygulaması ile üreteral obstrüksiyon yapılmış sıçanlarda eritrosit deformabilitesinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlendi (p = 0.785). Sonuç: HES 130/0.4 kullanımı, üreteral obstrüksiyonu yapılan sıçanlarda eritrosit deformabilitesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip değildir. HES 130/0.4 kullanırken bu endikasyonların doğru kullanılması gerektiğini düşünüyoruzAim: The administration of plasma expanders is crucial for managing critically ill patients across a range of clinical conditions, including major surgery, hemorrhagic shock, and trauma. However, the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on erythrocyte aggregation remain controversial. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the effects of HES 130/0.4, performed renal insufficiency by experimentally unilateral ureteral obstruction, on erythrocyte deformability. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, HES 130/0.4, Ureter Obstruction (UO) and UO-HES130/0.4. Urethral obstruction groups were treated with ketamine anesthesia with a low abdominal incision and reached to the distal of right ureter and sutured with 2.0 mersilen then waited for 3 weeks for late term renal insufficiency. 20 mL.kg-1 of HES 130/0.4 (Voluven) were infused intravenously to the HES 130/0.4 and UO-HES130/0.4 group. After 24-hour, rats were sacrificed. Deformability measurements were performed using 5% haematocrit in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer. Results and Discussion: Relative resistance was increased in all groups compared to the control group (p<0.0001). In all groups, erythrocyte deformability index was found to be significantly higher than the control group (Group C-Group HES, p=0.023, Group C- Group UO, p<0.0001, Group C-Group UO-HES, p<0.0001). UO-HES group had significantly increased erythrocyte deformability index compared with the HES group (p=0.031, p=0.021, respectively). It was determined that HES 130/0.4 application did not change erythrocyte deformability in ureteral obstructed rats (p=0.785). Conclusion: The use of HES 130/0.4 has no negative effects on erythrocyte deformability in ureteral obstructed rats. We think that indications should be used correctly when using HES 130/0.

Can we learn from aviation : safety enhancements in transport by achieving human orientated resilient shipping environment

It is well reported in the literature that more than 80% of shipping accidents are attributed to Human/organisational Error. Maritime community has realised that despite all the increased safety standards and technological developments, accidents are still occurring and the systems are not resilient to errors at various levels. The FP7 SEAHORSE project focuses on safety in marine transport by addressing human and organisational factors through transfer of well proven practices and methodologies from air transport to marine transport in an effective, collaborative and innovative manner. This will be primarily achieved by introducing the principles of resilience engineering in an integrated framework which will result in multi-level resilience that linking individuals, team, multi-party teams and organisations in ship operation that ultimately enhancing shipping safety. This paper presents similarities and gaps between two transport sectors while establishing the principles of transfer of skills, technology from aviation to maritime, which includes but not limited to rules, standard operating procedures, safety culture, just culture and mandatory safety reporting methodologies. The paper further present the feasible areas for transfer, experience gained during the transfer of technology/skills from air to marine while outlining the resilience framework adapted to maritime transport