Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (Car T Cell) Therapy In Hematology

It is well demonstrated that immune system can control and eliminate cancer cells. Immune-mediated elimination of tumor cells has been discovered and is the basis of both cancer vaccines and cellular therapies including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adoptive T cell transfer has been improved to be more specific and potent and cause less off-target toxicities. Currently, there are two forms of engineered T cells being tested in clinical trials: T cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells. On July 1, 2014, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted ‘breakthrough therapy’ designation to anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy. Many studies were conducted to evaluate the beneficiaries of this exciting and potent new treatment modality. This review summarizes the history of adoptive immunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy using CARs, the CAR manufacturing process, preclinical-clinical studies, effectiveness and drawbacks of this strategy

Leisure Awareness of Primary School Teachers: The Case of Izmir

WOS: 000424162200027Leisure is a period of time spent out work, in which individuals can rest, enjoy and perform self-realization. The effective leisure spending, which appeared after the Industrial Revolution, is important not only for adults but also for children. It is through the socialization process that individuals gain attitudes and behaviours regarding leisure. As to the orientation towards this process, the primary school and the primary school teacher, as role models, are considered the foremost ones among all agents of socialization. In this context, this study aims at revealing the leisure awareness of primary school teachers. Within this framework the research is designed as a mixed method in which qualitative and quantitative research methods are used together. Data was gathered through a measurement tool developed by the researchers. The measurement tool is composed of a personal information form with demographic questions; a 5-likert-type close-ended questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview form with open-ended questions. The study group consists of 7 8 classroom teachers who are working in Bornova, Bayrakli, Cigli and Konak, some of the central districts of Izmir. The quantitative data of the study was analysed through SPSS 20.0 software. For each item, descriptive analyses such as frequency and percentage; and statistical analyses such as independent sample t-test, Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson Correlation were performed. In the analysis of the qualitative data, descriptive analysis technique was used. The findings of the study point out that most of the primary school teachers who are married and/or have children agree with the idea that family and leisure time strengthened family ties. It was also found that a huge gap in gender roles, emerged as an outcome of culture, had some reflections upon the leisure descriptions of the primary school teachers. Especially the female teachers expressed that they lack leisure due to housework and domestic responsibilities. It was determined that the primary school teachers did not mention any significant motivation for leisure. Finally, the research has shown that the primary school teachers are highly insufficient in orienting their students about leisure assessment

Economical Analysis of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Cultivars, Flower Yields Which are Obtained from Different Sowing Times and Row Spacing

###EgeUn###This study was conducted with split-split plots experimental design based on four replications in the ecological conditions of Yalova in the area of Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute in growing seasons of 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. In the study three chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) cultivars (Bona, Bodegold and Zloty Lan) and a genotype, which was collected from the flora of Yalova Province, were used as material. There were four cultivars/genotypes, three sowing time (early November, early October, end of October) and four rows spacing (15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm). Sowing times were constructed to main plots, cultivars/genotypes to sub plots and row spacing to sub-sub plots. The highest gross profit was calculated as 8818.33 (sic)ha(-1) in first time of Zloty Lan cultivar at 15 cm row spacing. Although the Yalova genotype has the lowest cost, the gross profit among the cultivars/genotypes has been the lowest genotype

Rearrangement hotspots in the sex chromosome of the Palearctic black fly Simulium bergi (Diptera, Simuliidae)

An extreme example of nonrandom rearrangements, especially inversion breaks, is described in the polytene chromosomes of the black fly Simulium bergi Rubtsov, 1956 from Armenia and Turkey. A total of 48 rearrangements was discovered, relative to the standard banding sequence for the subgenus Simulium Latreille, 1802. One rearrangement, an inversion (IIS-C) in the short arm of the second chromosome, was fixed. Six (12.5%) of the rearrangements were autosomal polymorphisms, and the remaining 41 (85.4%) were sex linked. More than 40 X- and Y-linked rearrangements, predominantly inversions, were clustered in the long arm of the second chromosome (IIL), representing about 15% of the total complement. The pattern conforms to a nonrandom model of chromosome breakage, perhaps associated with an underlying molecular mechanism

Emerging Escherichia coli O25b/ST131 Clone Predicts Treatment Failure in Urinary Tract Infections

Background. We described the clinical predictive role of emerging Escherichia coli O25b/sequence type 131 (ST131) in treatment failure of urinary tract infection. Methods. In this prospective observational cohort study, the outpatients with acute cystitis with isolation of E. coli in their urine cultures were assessed. All the patients were followed up for clinical cure after 10 days of treatment. Detection of the E. coli O25:H4/ST131 clone was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for phylogroup typing and using PCR with primers for O25b rfb and allele 3 of the pabB gene. Results. In a cohort of patients with diagnosis of acute urinary cystitis, 294 patients whose urine cultures were positive with a growth of >10(4) colony-forming units/mL of E. coli were included in the study. In empiric therapy, ciprofloxacin was the first choice of drug (27%), followed by phosphomycin (23%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (9%), and cefuroxime (7%). The resistance rate was 39% against ciprofloxacin, 44% against TMP-SMX, and 25% against cefuroxime. Thirty-five of 294 (12%) isolates were typed under the O25/ST131 clone. The clinical cure rate was 85% after the treatment. In multivariate analysis, detection of the O25/ST131 clone (odds ratio [ OR], 4; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.51-10.93; P = .005) and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.1; 95% CI,.99-4.79; P = .05) were found to be significant risk factors for the treatment failure. In another multivariate analysis performed among quinolone-resistant isolates, treatment failure was 3 times more common among the patients who were infected with ST131 E. coli (OR, 3; 95% CI, 1.27-7.4; P = .012). Conclusions. In urinary tract infections, the E. coli ST131 clone seems to be a consistent predictor of treatment failure