Analyze the Effect of Customer Based Brand Equity on Consumer’s Purchase Behavior: A Case of Branded Garments City Faisalabad

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of brand awareness and brand loyalty on consumer’s purchase behavior. The study enabled the researchers to realize the effect of brand awareness and brand loyalty on consumer’s purchasing behavior. The area of this study was the garments industry of Faisalabad. The study was of primary nature and collected with the help of questionnaire from 300 respondents. In this research only purchasing behavior was taken as dependent variable and other two such as brand awareness and brand loyalty were taken as independent variables. To analyze the effects of these two independent variables on dependent variable multiple regression analysis was used as statistical technique. The finding of this study suggests that all two independent variables have significant impact on dependent variable individually and collectively. Keywords: purchase behavior, brand awareness, brand loyalty, consumer, customer. DOI: 10.7176/DCS/9-8-02 Publication date: August 31st 201

Large eddy simulation using linear eddy sub-grid mixing modeling

As emissions regulations are getting stricter and efficiency requirements of engines are increasing, different concepts to improve combustion are beinginvestigated. For example lean stratified premixed combustion, homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI), use of more exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce NOx etc. In all these concepts, combustion happensat lower temperatures, higher pressures, and higher level of air dilution than today\u27s typical spark ignition or diesel engines.Many combustion models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) today describe either premixed or non-premixed mode of combustion, assuming fast chemistry regimes only. There is a great need of new combustion models that are mode (premixed/non-premixed) and regime (fast/non fast chemistry)independent. The linear eddy model (LEM) of Kerstein [1] used as a sub-grid combustion model for large eddy simulation (LES) is regarded as a truly mode and regime independent combustion model as it models all the physical processes, i.e. large and small scale turbulent advection,molecular diffusion and chemical reactions at their respective time scales. It is also crucial for combustion models to describe turbulent mixing well. The LEM used as a sub-grid mixing model for LES called LES-LEM, hasbeen successfully used to predict turbulent mixing flows too.This thesis presents a new approach for large scale turbulent advection in LES-LEM. The approach links the sub-grid LEM implementation to a concept of control-volume crossing rate. Magnitude and direction of the crossing is implied by LES-prescribed mass fluxes. A high flux implies ahigh crossing rate, corresponding to a high displacement per time step, and vice versa

Large eddy simulation of combustion using linear-eddy subgrid modeling

As emissions regulations are getting stricter and efficiency requirements of internal combustion engines (ICE) are increasing, different concepts to improve combustion are being investigated. For example lean stratified premixed combustion, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), use of more exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce NOx etc. In all these concepts, combustion happens at lower temperatures, higher pressures, and higher level of air dilution than today\u27s typical spark ignition or diesel engines.Many combustion models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) today describe either premixed or non-premixed mode of combustion, assuming fast chemistry regimes only. There is a great need for new combustion models that are mode (premixed/non-premixed) and regime (fast/non fast chemistry) independent. The linear-eddy model (LEM) of Kerstein\ua0used as a subgrid combustion model for large eddy simulation (LES) called LES-LEM is regarded as a truly mode and regime independent combustion model as it models all the physical processes, i.e. large and small scale turbulent advection, molecular diffusion and chemical reactions at their respective length and time scales.In this dissertation, a new LEM closure for LES-LEM using the reaction-rate approach is proposed in which the LEM provides closure for the chemical source terms in the conservation equations of the sensible enthalpy and species mass. The new LEM closure is tested on a bluff-body premixed flame problem and simulation results are compared with experiments.Furthermore, a new splicing approach for modeling large-scale advection in LES-LEM is presented. The approach links the subgrid LEM implementationto a concept of control-volume crossing rate. A dedicated investigation of splicing is done by simulating passive scalar mixing without the complexity ofchemically reacting flow physics.Lastly, an improved modeling technique called super-grid LES-LEM is proposed to computationally speed-up LES-LEM

The effects of interactive marketing, customer satisfaction and flashes on customer loyalty

This study explores impact of interactive marketing impact on consumer satisfaction and loyalty. So for no specific research has been conducted to identify the process of customer loyalty in banking sector in this perspective. Customer loyalty has great importance and agonizes among connoisseur, academician and professionals in ample industries. This study generally focused on following dimensions commitment, trust, familiarity, quality of employees, service quality and service personalization efforts as key predictor of customer satisfaction and loyalty. Data was collected by using pretested questionnaire through personal interviews. A representative sample of one hundred and sixty consumers was selected by using convenience sampling technique. Interactive marketing has positive significant influence on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The customer satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between interactive marketing and customer loyalty.&nbsp

Factors contributing to SMEs innovative culture in Punjab, Pakistan: a pilot study

The objective of this research is to measure the reliability and validity of SMEs innovative culture and its construct developed by Rao & Weintraub (2013).60 questionnaires were used to collect the responses from SMEs’ CEOs and senior top executives in Punjab, Pakistan.The study adopted the simple random sampling method for data collection.The reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed through experts from academia and industry and also from small sample of the data.Results provide the evidence of validity and reliability of the instrument.This study will help to identify the factors contributing for innovative culture in SMEs Pakistan

An exploration of IQ, EQ, spiritual quotient (SQ) elements in the human reengineering program (HRP) practices: A study on the drug rehabilitation Centre in Malaysia

This study is entitled An Exploration of IQ, EQ and Spiritual Quotient (SQ) Elements in the Human Re-Engineering Program (HRP) Practices: A Study on the Drug Rehabilitation Centre in Malaysia. This study involved four drug rehabilitation centres in Northern Malaysia which are Perak, Penang, Kedah and Perlis. However, the rehabilitation centres involved in this study came from three different states only which are Cure and Care rehabilitation centre (CCRC) Kampung Selamat, Penang, Klinik Cure & Care 1 Malaysia, Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Cure & Care rehabilitation centre (CCRC) Batu Kurau, Perak and Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) Bukit Chabang, Perlis. This study using Qualitative Method and Exploratory Research. Therefore, to explore the phenomenon an in-depth interview has been conducted with one officer of the CCRC and at least 3 patients of the CCRC. In total, 17 respondents had been interviewed for this research. All the respondents are male. Results of the study showed that approximately only 30% of the patients recover. However, this figure is still doubtful due to no exact statistic revealed. The reasons why they are failed to sustain themselves after being freed from the CCRC due to peer’s factor (40%), low of self-confidence (30%) and weak of religious practice (30%). Family support is one of the main factors contributed to their recovering process as 90% of the respondents admitted that. Majority of the patients admitted that peers’ factor is the main reason they involved with the drug abuse (50%) besides self-exploration (30%) and other factors (20%). In order to rebuild the self-confidence, rehabilitation centre used multi programs such as religious activity, peer’s guidance or group maker (Pembimbing Rakan Sebaya (PRS), and therapy community. This study also revealed that 3 out of 4 rehabilitation centres used more than 50% of SQ program in their healing process, 20-25% on EQ activities and IQ activities. Amongst favourite SQ activities are Iqra’ class, which is learning how to read the Quran, and Halaqah is where they will discuss about religion and do some self-reflection. Family support and religious commitment and practices are the main contributor to patient’s recovery survival after they are freed. As a conclusion, healing process in the rehabilitation centre highly influenced with Spiritual Quotient programs besides others. This shows that internal strength gained via religious commitment and attachment besides continuous practices will be a significant factor of the recovering.The authors acknowledge the support of Bridging grant with account no: 304 PMGT 6316039 RCMO University Sains Malaysia as well as The Sumitomo Foundation, Japan in conducting this research

Correlation of Atrial Fibrillation with Left Atrial Volume in Patients with Mitral Stenosis. a Single Centre Study From Pakistan

Background: Rheumatic heart disease has a strong association with mitral valve stenosis. Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common complications of this condition and is a poor prognostic factor. Early detection and prompt management of atrial fibrillation can help to improve the quality of life and increase the life expectancy of the patients. We carried out this study to investigate the significance of left atrial volumetric changes in mitral stenosis and its correlation with atrial fibrillation. Methodology: We audited the data of 60 patients of rheumatic heart disease who had mitral valve stenosis. The patients were randomized into atrial fibrillation (Group A) and normal sinus rhythm (Group B). We conducted this cross-sectional analytical study at Cardiology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 1st February 2017 to 31st January 2018. We only included those patients who consented to be a part of this study and fulfilled our predefined inclusion criteria. Left atrial volume was measured by prolate ellipse method and biplane methods on echocardiography. The Data was analyzed on SPSS v20. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study. Among the subjects, thirty-six (60%) were males, and twenty-four (40%) were females. Atrial fibrillation was noted in 43.33% of the patients of mitral valve stenosis. There was a marked difference in the mean volume of the left atrium among the two groups. We observed that the mean area of the mitral valve for Group A patients was larger than that of patients in Group B. Our study showed an inverse correlation between left atrial volume and mitral valve area among Group A patients. Conclusion: Patients of mitral stenosis are at an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation if the left atrial volume is increasing. All patients with mitral stenosis should have routine echocardiography & measurement of left atrial volumes, so that proper treatment can be started if the left atrial volume is increasing, to prevent atrial fibrillation

Future of Cooperative Farming in Pakistan

The main objective of this study was to work out production efficiency of some cooperative and non cooperative farmers in the central Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey of central Punjab was conducted in the year of 2008-09. Two type samples were taken for the study. First type sample was comprised of 15 respondents who had joined together in different ways to cultivate their available lands. Second type included 60 respondents, 20 from each district of Jhang, Faisalabad and TT Singh. The results obtained through t-statistics analysis revealed that the per acre use of Agri inputs and outputs obtained for all the cash crops was significantly different and  higher in case of cooperatives than non-cooperatives farmers. The benefit cost   (B-C) ratio indicated that it was 38% higher for cooperative than non-cooperatives as it was 1.98 and 1.43 for respective categories. But these cooperatives farming could not sustain for longer time due to the lake of education and conflicts between the members. Keywords: Cooperatives, Farming, Punjab, Pakista

Study of effect of Nigella sativa on prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in experimental animals

ABSTRACTBackground: Nigella sativa, a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world belongs to family ranunculaceae. Its Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various traditional systems of medicines and food. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on kidney when simultaneously given with colistin sulfate (CS) which induces tubular damage in rats.Methods: Animals were treated for 7 days: Group I (n=6) with normal saline and CMC, Group II, III and IV with 300.000IU/kg/day of CS (n=6). Group III and Group IV with NSO at the dose of 1 and 2ml/kg per orum prior to CS administration. All the animals were sacrificed on 8th day. Afterwards, the plasma creatinine (pCr), blood urea, renal tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and renal histology were performed.Results: Colistin sulfate induced tubular damage, increased the plasma creatinine (pCr), blood urea and MDA levels and decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH). However, simultaneous treatment with Nigella sativa oil at the dose of 1ml/kg and 2ml/kg for one week produced dose dependant improvement in tubular damage and reduced the biochemical alteration.Conclusions: It could be concluded that, Colistin sulfate induced nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by NS oil especially in higher dose of (2ml/kg). This nephroprotective effect is ascribed to free radical scavenging and potent antioxidant activity in Nigella sativa