The Reformatsky Reaction with Aliphatic Y- and b-Halonitriles. The Synthesis of Some 2-Substituted D 1 -Pyrrolines and D -1 -Piperideines

Starting from aliphatic y-orr: 11-halonitriles and a-bromoesters, w -halo-~-ketoesters, 2-substituted ~1 -pyrrolines or 2-substituted ~ 1-piperideines, were obtained. Some of the chemical and spectroscopic properties of the prepared compounds are described

The Reformatsky Reaction with Aliphatic Y- and b-Halonitriles. The Synthesis of Some 2-Substituted D 1 -Pyrrolines and D -1 -Piperideines

Starting from aliphatic y-orr: 11-halonitriles and a-bromoesters, w -halo-~-ketoesters, 2-substituted ~1 -pyrrolines or 2-substituted ~ 1-piperideines, were obtained. Some of the chemical and spectroscopic properties of the prepared compounds are described

Pressure effects on the transport coefficients of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2

We report the temperature dependence of the resistivity and thermoelectric power under hydrostatic pressure of the itinerant antiferromagnet BaFe2As2 and the electron-doped superconductor Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2. We observe a hole-like contribution to the thermopower below the structural-magnetic transition in the parent compound that is suppressed in magnitude and temperature with pressure. Pressure increases the contribution of electrons to transport in both the doped and undoped compound. In the 10% Co-doped sample, we used a two-band model for thermopower to estimate the carrier concentrations and determine the effect of pressure on the band structure

Latent Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Contributes to EAE Pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Viral infection has been identified as the most likely environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis (MS). There are conflicting data regarding the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in MS pathogenesis. We utilised experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-resistant BALB/c mice and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), the murine homolog of CMV, to examine the mechanism by which viral infection enhances autoimmune neuroinflammation. Mice subjected to latent neonatal MCMV infection developed the typical characteristics of EAE. Similar to MS, the MCMV-infected EAE-induced mice developed infiltrates in the central nervous system (CNS) composed of similar percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The influx of both Th 1 and Th 17 cells into the CNS of MCMV- infected EAE-induced mice was observed. Interestingly, the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation after latent MCMV infection was accompanied by a significant influx of Tc17 cells (CD8+IL-17+ and CD8+RoRγt+) but not Tc1, cells. Our results suggest that latent MCMV infection affects the development of inflammatory lymphocytes that exhibit encephalitogenic potential, thereby mediating increased CNS pathology following EAE induction, and that CMV represents a possible environmental factor in the pathogenesis of MS and other autoimmune disease

Murine cytomegalovirus infection induces susceptibility to eae in resistant BalB/c Mice

In contrast to C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice are relatively resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after challenge with MOG35–55 peptide. Here, we provide the first evidence that infection with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in adulthood abrogates this resistance. Infected BALB/c mice developed clinical and histological signs similar to those seen in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. In addition to CD4+ cells, large proportion of cells in the infiltrate of diseased BALB/c mice was CD8+, similar with findings in multiple sclerosis. CD8+ cells that responded to ex vivo restimulation with MOG35–55 were not specific for viral epitopes pp89 and m164. MCMV infection favors proinflammatory type of dendritic cells (CD86+CD40+CD11c+) in the peripheral lymph organs, M1 type of microglia in central nervous system, and increases development of Th1/Th17 encephalitogenic cells. This study indicates that MCMV may enhance autoimmune neuropathology and abrogate inherent resistance to EAE in mouse strain by enhancing proinflammatory phenotype of antigen-presenting cells, Th1/Th17, and CD8 response to MOG35–55

Landscape, Memory, and the Shifting Regional Geographies of Northwest Bosnia-Herzegovina

Writing and arguing with older discourses that have informed the subdiscipline of regional geography and setting them against new ways of conceiving of the region, this article considers the northwest of Bosnia-Herzegovina as a site that calls for a newly animated form of regional study. Of particular concern here is the role that memory and commemorative practices play in such a spatial schema. The monumental landscapes of the Tito regime and its collective commemoration of World War II sit alongside and are troubled by the more recent traumas and spaces of unmarked death associated with the ethnic war in Bosnia during the early 1990s. Read together, northwest Bosnia-Herzegovina functions as a vivid exemplar for understanding traumatic historical mourning as a phenomenological process that is inseparable from the wider geopolitical landscape

Potential use of deodorised water extracts: polyphenol-rich extract of Thymus pannonicus All. as a chemopreventive agent

Deodorised water extracts of aromatic plants are obtained as by-products of essential oil isolation and usually discarded as waste. However, phytochemical composition of these extracts encourages their further utilization as food additives or functional food ingredients. In this study we investigated phytochemical composition, antioxidant and in vivo antiproliferative activity of deodorised water extract of Thymus pannonicus All. (DWE). HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid (RA) (71.11 +/- 1.54 mg/g) as the most abundant constituent of the extract, followed by salvianolic acid H (14.83 +/- 0.79 mg/g, calculated as RA). DWE exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity in vitro, in FRAP and DPPH tests (FRAP value: 7.41 mmol Fe/g and SC50: 3.80 mu g/g, respectively). Using the model of Ehrlich carcinoma cells in mice that were treated with DWE prior, at the time, and after tumour cells implantation, the tumour growth suppression and redox status of malignant cells (i.e., activities of antioxidant enzymes, level of glutathione and intensity of lipid peroxidation) were followed. DWE applied as pretreatment caused disturbance of antioxidant equilibrium as well as apoptosis/necrosis of up to 90% EAC cells. Results obtained in the present study revealed chemopreventive potential and possibility of T. pannonicus DWE usage. High content of RA and other phenolic compounds explains, at least in part, the observed effects