Non-fundamental effective apparent powerdefined through an instantaneous power approach

This paper proposes a new definition of non-fundamental effective apparent power based on an analysis of instantaneous power flows. This new instantaneous power approach for the calculation of the non-fundamental effective apparent power extends, and adapts for new electrical conditions, the procedure applied by IEEE Std. 1459 for the quantification of active and reactive power in single-phase systems. This proposed approach is based on the analysis of per-phase and three-phase instantaneous power flows when a three-phase four-wire balanced non-linear load is connected to an ideal power network that supplies a set of positive-sequence fundamental voltages. The per-phase and three-phase instantaneous power flows caused by positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence harmonic load currents are analyzed. The results obtained for the load zero-sequence harmonic currents disagree with the results obtained when applying IEEE Std. 1459. As a consequence, a new definition of the effective quantities is proposed. A comparison between the new definitions and IEEE Std. 1459 definitions is made in the paper.The authors wish to thank the fundacion carolina for the assistance provided to nicolas munoz-galeano to undertake his Ph.D. Studies at the universidad politecnica de valencia. A revision of the English used in this paper was funded by the universidad politecnica de valencia.Muñoz Galeano, N.; Alfonso Gil, JC.; Orts-Grau, S.; Segui-Chilet, S.; Gimeno Sales, FJ. (2011). Non-fundamental effective apparent powerdefined through an instantaneous power approach. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems. 33(10):1711-1720. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.08.013S17111720331

Acute leukaemia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease

Fourteen acute non-lymphoid leukaemias (ANLL) were identified among 947 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) treated in five collaborating centres in Italy between January 1969 and December 1979. Leukaemia developed 12-118 months after the diagnosis of HD and was always preceded by a pre-leukaemic phase. The karyotype of the leukaemic cells was studied in nine of the 14 patients and was abnormal in seven cases. Bone marrow agar cultures were performed in five of the 14 patients and were abnormal in every case. The actuarial risk of developing ANLL at 10 years was 6.2% for combined therapy, 4.8% for salvage therapy and 2.2% for chemotherapy alone. No case of ANLL was documented among 136 patients treated with radiotherapy alone. One patient developed acute promyelocytic leukaemia following treatment with ABVD and radiotherapy. Both univariate and multivariate analyses seem to demonstrate that the induction therapy modality is a significant variable in development of secondary acute leukaemia. The recognition of a significant risk of ANLL in patients treated for HD should create changes in treatment policy