Structural Equation Approach to Analyze Cyclists Risk Perception and Their Behavior Riding on Two-Lane Rural Roads in Spain

[EN] The use of bicycles on two-lane rural roads in Spain has been increasing in recent years. However, these roads have no bicycle infrastructure, being cyclists forced to share the road and interact with motorized vehicles. In rural environments, the interaction between road users from the cyclist's point of view is still not well understood. To analyze it, the relationships between risk perceptions and behavioral factors of rural cyclists according to their demographic characteristics, profile, and self-reported knowledge on traffic rules were obtained. An online survey was used, which collected the opinion of 523 cyclists. Data were analyzed by using structural equation models. The Thurstonian Item Response Theory approach was adopted to include raking responses. Different perceptions among demographic groups were found. Younger cyclists present the lowest risk perception while having a higher risk behavior. The knowledge about traffic rules was correlated with safety behavior, showing the importance of this factor. These results are in line with urban cycling. However important differences under risk elements for rural cyclists, mainly associated with potential hazards on the shoulder, have been drawn. These findings may help policy makers to integrate cycling with vehicular traffic on two-lane rural roads in a safe way.This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, grant number TRA2016-80897-R and project titled: "Improvement of safety and operation of two-lane rural roads with cyclists (Bike2Lane)"; and by the Direccion General de Trafico of Spain, grant number SPIP2017-02280 and project title: "Road safety countermeasures for two-lane rural roads with groups of cyclists (Safe4Bikes)".López-Maldonado, G.; Arroyo-López, MR.; García García, A. (2021). Structural Equation Approach to Analyze Cyclists Risk Perception and Their Behavior Riding on Two-Lane Rural Roads in Spain. Sustainability. 13(15):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158424S119131

Identification of Vitis vinifera L. Local Cultivars Recovered in Andalusia (Spain) by Using Microsatellite Markers

In Andalusia (Spain), there are different wine regions that have a great recognized tradition. In these regions, the cultivation of the vine is ancient and there are still vineyards planted with local varieties of Vitis vinifera L. that have not yet been identified. The aim of this research study was to identify 49 accessions of grapevine collected in the districts of four provinces in Andalusia (Spain). All samples were genotyped with 20 microsatellite markers in order to ascertain the identity and analyze the genetic diversity of the collected material. In total, 30 different genotypes were obtained, 22 of them which were identified with named, known varieties by comparison to the Spanish or European microsatellite databases, and eight which are referred to as new genotypes. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 159 alleles were detected, ranging from 4 to 12 alleles per locus, with an average allele number of 7.95. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.763 and was slightly higher than expected (0.715), while the gene diversity per locus varied between 0.167 (VVIN73) and 0.967 (VVMD5). A dendrogram representing the genetic similarities among cultivars was depicted using the UPGMA method to investigate their relationships. The eight new genotypes identified in this research work could represent ancient local varieties in danger of extinction. These new cultivars may be used to determine original wines.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic Origins of Cultivated and Wild Grapevines from Morocco

Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite loci were used to genotype Moroccan grapevine accessions (Vitis vinifera L.) from germplasm collections and from plants cultivated in farm fields or found under wild conditions. The genetic diversity of the global Moroccan sample was equivalent to what has been described for cultivated grapevines from other regions around the Mediterranean basin. The predominant chlorotypes among the analyzed samples were A and C, which are detected at higher frequencies in western and eastern regions of the V. vinifera range. Comparison of Moroccan accession genotypes with published genotypes for other grapevine cultivars shows the existence of multiple synonyms, especially between cultivars grown in Morocco and Spain, as expected given the long history of interaction in the region. Analysis of genetic relationships among Moroccan samples distinguished groups of cultivated and wild samples. The wild samples had chlorotype A, which could represent remnants of natural populations of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, or chlorotype C, which could represent cultivar derivatives or ancient cultivars generated by spontaneous hybridization among cultivated grapevines. Together the results point out the diverse genetic origin of cultivated and wild samples of grapevine in Morocco and emphasize the need to further collect and characterize its cultivated and wild grapevine germplasm.Peer reviewe

Is contact lens discomfort related to meibomian gland morphology?

Purpose: To examine the relationship between contact lens (CL) discomfort and meibomian gland (MG) morphology assessed by a semi-objective software in subjects without an alteration of MG function (meibum quality and expressibility). Methods: Nineteen symptomatic (CLDEQ-8 ≥ 12) CL wearers, 19 asymptomatic (CLDEQ-8 < 12) wearers, and 22 non-wearers were recruited. Upper and lower eyelid meibography images were taken and the following parameters were analysed using a semi-objective software in the central 2/3 of each eyelid: number of MG, number of partial MG, percentage of MG loss and percentage of tortuosity. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparisons among groups. The relationships between CLDEQ-8 and MG morphology parameters were analysed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariable linear regression models. Results: No significant differences were found among groups in the MG morphology of the upper or lower eyelids. In all CL wearers, a significant correlation with CLDEQ-8 was found in the upper eyelid for the number of MG (rho = 0.47, p = 0.003). In symptomatic wearers, significant correlations with CLDEQ-8 were found in the lower eyelid for the number of partial MG (rho = 0.49, p = 0.03) and the percentage of partial MG (rho = 0.61, p = 0.005). In all CL wearers, multivariable models were fitted to explain CLDEQ-8 score including the number of MG, the number of partial MG and the percentage of MG loss from the lower eyelid (R2 = 0.19; p = 0.007), and the number of MG from the upper eyelid (R2 = 0.19; p = 0.001). In symptomatic wearers, a model was fitted including the percentage of MG loss from the lower eyelid (R2 = 0.30; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Alterations of MG morphology, without clinically apparent alteration of MG function, can be involved in causing CL discomfort and influence the degree of symptoms. The differences in findings between eyelids indicate the need to monitor both eyelids, especially the lower one, in CL wearers.Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Motivaciones para ingresar a la formación docente. Revisión de estudios empíricos publicados en el siglo XXI.

The line of educational research on student´s motivation to enter the initial teacher education program recently has regained strength because of the information about the commitment towards the profession. The purpose of this article is to characterize the production in the XXI century of empirical studies on the topic. A search was made in specialized databases and 31 studies published between 2000-2017 were selected, which were classified by type of participant and the theoretical approach the object of study was analyzed from: psychological, sociological or hybrid. Based on the analysis carried out, it is considered that the hybrid approach (45% of the studies) is the one that provides greater opportunities to understand the multidimensional phenomenon that represents the decision to become a professor. The methodological approach used has predominately been quantitative (77% of the studies), through the use of standardized instruments such as the Fit-Choice Scale (Watt & Richardson,2008)

Motivaciones para ingresar a la formación docente. Revisión de estudios empíricos publicados en el siglo XXI.

The line of educational research on student´s motivation to enter the initial teacher education program recently has regained strength because of the information about the commitment towards the profession. The purpose of this article is to characterize the production in the XXI century of empirical studies on the topic. A search was made in specialized databases and 31 studies published between 2000-2017 were selected, which were classified by type of participant and the theoretical approach the object of study was analyzed from: psychological, sociological or hybrid. Based on the analysis carried out, it is considered that the hybrid approach (45% of the studies) is the one that provides greater opportunities to understand the multidimensional phenomenon that represents the decision to become a professor. The methodological approach used has predominately been quantitative (77% of the studies), through the use of standardized instruments such as the Fit-Choice Scale (Watt & Richardson,2008)

Evaluación del TFG desde el punto de vista de estudiantes y tutores del grado de Enfermería

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Introducción: La reciente implantación del TFG en el Grado de Enfermería hace necesario una evaluación por parte de los estudiantes y profesores. Objetivos: Describir el grado la satisfacción sobre el TFG de los estudiantes matriculados en cuarto curso del grado de Enfermería. Determinar el grado la satisfacción de los tutores sobre la asignatura de TFG del grado de Enfermería. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona durante el curso académico 2013-14. Sujetos: estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura de TFG (N=332) y profesores que han realizado la tutorización de los trabajos (N=57). Variables: sociodemográficas, información y documentación, tutorización y presentación y defensa. Recogida de información: Cuestionario ad hoc autoadministrado para estudiantes y profesores. Consta de 4 bloques relacionados con las variables de estudio con preguntas tipo Likert, valoración y opción múltiple. Estadística descriptiva con frecuencias y porcentajes..

Metformin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Lactic Acidosis

Objectives. Metformin is the preferred oral antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes. Lactic acidosis is described as a rare complication, usually during an acute kidney injury (AKI). Material and Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study of metformin-associated AKI cases during four years. 29 cases were identified. Previous renal function, clinical data, and outcomes were recorded. Results. An episode of acute gastroenteritis precipitated the event in 26 cases. Three developed a septic shock. Three patients died, the only related factor being liver dysfunction. More severe metabolic acidosis hyperkalemia and anemia were associated with higher probabilities of RRT requirement. We could not find any relationship between previous renal dysfunction and the outcome of the AKI. Conclusions. AKI associated to an episode of volume depletion due to gastrointestinal losses is a serious complication in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin. Previous renal dysfunction (mild-to-moderate CKD) has no influence on the severity or outcome