Sandstone petrofacies in the northwestern sector of the Iberian Basin

During the most active rifting stages in the northwestern sector of the Iberian Basin (Cameros Basin and Aragonese Branch of the Iberian Range), thick sequences of continental clastic deposits were generated. Sandstone records from Rift cycle 1 (Permo-Triassic) and Rift cycle 2 (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) show similarities in composition. Based on the most recent data, this paper describes sandstone petrofacies developed during both rifting periods. Six petrofacies can be distinguished: two associated with Rift cycle 1 (PT-1 and PT-2) and four with Rift cycle 2 (JC-1 to JC-4). All six petrofacies can be classifi ed as sedimentoclastic or plutoniclastic. Sedimentoclastic petrofacies developed during early rifting stages either through the recycling of pre-rift sediments or signifi cant palaeogeographical changes. These facies comprise a thin succession (<100 m) of clastic deposits with mature quartzose and quartzolithic sandstones containing sedimentary and metasedimentary rock fragments. Carbonate diagenesis is more common than clay mineral diagenesis. Sedimentoclastic petrofacies have been identifi ed in Rift cycle 1 (Saxonian facies, PT-1) and Rift cycle 2 (JC-1 and JC-3; Tithonian and Valanginian, respectively). In the absence of the pre-rift sedimentary cover, metasedimentoclastic petrofacies sometimes develop as a product of the erosion of the low- to medium-grade metamorphic substratum (Petrofacies JC-2, Tithonian-Berriasian). Plutoniclastic petrofacies were generated during periods of high tectonic activity and accompanied by substantial denudation and the erosion of plutonites. Forming thick stratigraphic successions (1000 to 4000 m), these feldspar-rich petrofacies show a rigid framework and clay mineral diagenesis. In Rift cycle 1, plutoniclastic petrofacies (PT-2) are associated with the Buntsandstein. This type of petrofacies also developed in Rift cycle 2 in the Cameros Basin (JC-4) from DS-5 to DS-8 (Hauterivian-Early Albian), and represents the main basin fi ll interval. Sedimentoclastic and plutoniclastic petrofacies can be grouped into three pairs of basic petrofacies. Each pair represents a ‘provenance cycle’ that records a complete clastic cycle within a rifting period. Petrofacies PT-1 and PT-2 represent the ‘provenance cycle’ during Rift-1. In the Cameros Basin, two provenance cycles may be discerned during Rift cycle 2, related both to the Tithonian-Berriasian and the Valanginian-Early Albian megasequences. Tectonics is the main factor controlling petrofacies. Other factors (e.g., maturation during transport, local supply) may modulate the compositional signatures of the petrofacies yet their main character persists and even outlines he hierarchy of the main bounding surfaces between depositional sequences in the intracontinental Iberian Rift Basin.Durante las fases de rifting más activas en el sector noroccidental de la Cuenca Ibérica (Cuenca de Cameros y Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica), se generaron potentes sucesiones detríticas de depósitos continentales. Los registros arenosos del ciclo Rift 1 (Permo-Triásico) y Rift-2 (Jurásico Superior-Cretácico Inferior) muestran similitudes en cuanto a su composición. El presente rabajo describe las petrofacies arenosas desarrolladas durante los dos períodos de rifting. Es osible establecer un total de seis petrofacies: dos relacionadas con el Rift-1 (PT-1 y PT-2) y cuatro con el Rift-2 (JC-1 a JC-4). Todas estas petrofacies pueden ser consideradas bien como sedimentoclásticas o como plutoniclásticas. Las petrofacies sedimentoclásticas se desarrollaron durante las etapas iniciales de rifting debido al reciclado del registro sedimentario rerift, o por importantes cambios paleogeográfi cos. Aparecen constituyendo sucesiones de depósitos clásticos poco potentes

Características de la canal y calidad instrumental de la carne en cabritos y corderos lechales

Meat from very young, milk-fed, small ruminants is an appreciated product in Mediterranean countries where milk is the main product derived from the herds. Nevertheless, many aspects of the quality of the products are virtually unknown for many goat breeds, especially among those that are reared for their meat. In this study, the quality from 50 animals from 5 local goat breeds (one dairy purpose and 4 meat purpose) and 19 lambs (from Churra, a dairy breed) was compared at commercial cold carcass weights of 4.4-6.6 kg. Carcass quality, ultimate pH and meat colour were assessed following standard procedures. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were found in all of the variables analysed. Some of these differences might have been due to the influence of the genotype, the dam’s production potential, or differences in carcass weight and age, but most were species dependent. Lambs differed from the kids, especially from those of meat purpose breeds, due to their high proportion of bone (25.0 vs. 21.3 to 23.7%), and a more intense meat colour (higher hue: 29.2 vs. 23.4 to 28.7, and chroma: 14.6 vs. 12.1 to 14.6). Among the goat breeds, Murciano Granadina (dairy breed) and Blanca Celtibérica (meat breed) were the most different in terms of carcass morphology, fatness, and meat colour. The other three local meat-purpose goat breeds (Moncaína, Negra Serrana, and Pirenaica) differed little. To obtain a better understanding of goat species, the differences among breeds, in kids or in their most common products, require further studies. Additional key words: carcass morphology; colour; goat; pH; sheep; tissue composition.La carne de lechal es muy apreciada en los países mediterráneos, en los que la leche es una producción fundamental. Además, muchos aspectos de los productos de las razas caprinas locales son prácticamente desconocidos. En este estudio se analizó la calidad de 50 animales de 5 razas caprinas (una lechera y 4 de aptitud cárnica) y de 19 corderos (raza Churra de tipo lechero), a pesos comerciales de 4,4-6,6 kg de canal fría. Se evaluaron la calidad de la canal, el pH último y el color de la carne, siguiendo metodologías estandarizadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en todas las variables analizadas. Algunas de estas diferencias se podrían justificar por diferencias raciales, potencial lechero de las madres o peso canal final, pero la mayor parte fueron debidas a la especie considerada. Los corderos fueron diferentes, especialmente de los cabritos de razas con orientación predominantemente cárnica, en la proporción de hueso (25,0 vs. 21,3-23,7%) y color de carne más intenso (superiores valores de tono: 29,2 vs. 23,4-28,7 y saturación: 14,6 vs. 12,1-14,6). Entre las razas caprinas, la Murciano Granadina (raza de aptitud lechera) y la Blanca Celtibérica (raza cárnica) fueron las más diferentes en morfología de la canal, engrasamiento y color de carne. Las otras tres razas de aptitud cárnica (Moncaína, Negra Serrana y Pirenaica) fueron poco diferentes entre sí. Para conocer mejor a la especie caprina, las diferencias entre razas y la calidad de sus productos, son necesarios una mayor cantidad de estudios

Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1

Altres ajuts: This study was sponsored by Janssen.Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in EMERALD (NCT02269917). Virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-positive treatment-experienced adults (previous non-darunavir virologic failure [VF] allowed) were randomized (2:1) to D/C/F/TAF or boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) over 48 weeks. At week 52 participants in the boosted PI arm were offered switch to D/C/F/TAF (late-switch, 44 weeks D/C/F/TAF exposure). All participants were followed on D/C/F/TAF until week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative protocol-defined virologic rebound (PDVR; confirmed viral load [VL] ≥50 copies/mL) and VL < 50 copies/mL (virologic suppression) and ≥50 copies/mL (VF) (FDA-snapshot analysis). Of 1141 randomized patients, 1080 continued in the extension phase. Few patients had PDVR (D/C/F/TAF: 3.1%, 24/763 cumulative through week 96; late-switch: 2.3%, 8/352 week 52-96). Week 96 virologic suppression was 90.7% (692/763) (D/C/F/TAF) and 93.8% (330/352) (late-switch). VF was 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively. No darunavir, primary PI, tenofovir or emtricitabine resistance-associated mutations were observed post-baseline. No patients discontinued for efficacy-related reasons. Few discontinued due to adverse events (2% D/C/F/TAF arm). Improved renal and bone parameters were maintained in the D/C/F/TAF arm and observed in the late-switch arm, with small increases in total cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. A study limitation was the lack of a control arm in the week 96 analysis. Through 96 weeks, D/C/F/TAF resulted in low PDVR rates, high virologic suppression rates, very few VFs, and no resistance development. Late-switch results were consistent with D/C/F/TAF week 48 results. EMERALD week 96 results confirm the efficacy, high genetic barrier to resistance and safety benefits of D/C/F/TAF

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

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Petrología y análisis secuencial de los carbonatos lacustres del Paleógeno del sector N de la cuenca terciaria del Tajo (Provincia de Guadalajara)

[ES] En el NW de la Cuenca Terciaria del Tajo existe una potente sucesión carbonático-detrítica de edad paleógena que presenta una gran diversidad de facies carbonáticas. A partir del estudio detallado de 12 secciones estratigráficas (ARRIBAS, 1985), dichas facies han sido agrupadas en dos familias litológicas, carbonatos consolidados y carbonatos no consolidados. Dentro del grupo de carbonatos consolidados se han diferenciado: ca/izas homogéneas (calizas fosilíferas, calizas intraclásticas, calizas laminadas y calizas dolomíticas-dolomías) y calizas alteradas (calizas nodulosas, calizas nodulosas con terrígenos, calizas bioturbadas, calizas con estructuras prismáticas verticales, calizas oquerosas y calizas con laminación deformada y porosidad fenestral). A su vez, se han distinguido cuatro facies petrológicas dentro de los carbonatos no consolidados: margas, margas dolomíticas, ‘<chalks» y «chalks» dolomíticos. En general, las calizas homogéneas son interpretadas como sedimentadas en ambientes lacustres de mayor o menor profundidad y las calizas alteradas como el resultado de una pedogénesis, tanto en las orlas palustres de los sistemas lacustres, como en las áreas de encharcamientos dentro de los sistemas aluviales asociados. Las facies carbonáticas se relacionan entre sí en determinadas asociaciones de facies litológicas y, en ocasiones, van asociadas a facies detríticas también en determinadas asociaciones de facies litológicas. El análisis secuencial vertical de las asociaciones de facies permite establecer unas pautas en la evolución de la sedimentación a lo largo de la sucesión carbonático-detrítica paleógena, desde ambientes de sedimentación lacustres y palustres a lo largo de la mitad inferior de la sucesión, hacía ambientes de sedimentación de abanicos aluviales en la mitad superior de ésta, debido a una progradación general de los sistemas de abanicos aluviales.[EN] In the NW sector of the Tertiary Tajo Basin (Fig. 1-2) a carbonate and detrital successíon of paleogene age, showing many carbonate facies is found. Starting from a detailed study of twelve stratigraphic sections (ARRIBAS, 1985 y 1986), these carbonate facies and been assembled in two principal groups: hard carbonates and powdery carbonates (Fig. 3). Within the hard carbonate facies two groups of limestones are distinguished: hornogeneaus limestones (fosiliferous Iimestones, intraclastic limestones, limestones with oncolites and/or algues, limestones with terrigenous, laminated limestones aud dolomitic limestones-dolostones) and disturbed Umestones (nodular limestones, nodular sandy limestones, bioturbated limestones, limestones with vertical prismatie structures, vuggy limestones, and limestones with deformed lamination and fenestral porosity). Within powdery carbonate facies four petrological facies are distinguished: marís, dolomitic marís, chalks and dolomitie chalks. I-lomogeneous limestones are generally interpreted as littoral lacustrine sediments and disturbed limestones are interpíeted as the result of several pedogenetic processes both in the palustrine zone (depositional lacustrine systems) and in the flood-plain zone (depositional aluvial and fluvial systems) (Fig. 4). Carbonate facies are related with other lithological facies (carbonate or detrital) in facies associations can show different sedimentological evolutions of the lacustrine basin as expansions or retraetions (Fig. 5). The sequencial analysis of these facies associations allow to establish an evolution of the sedimentation along the carbonate-detrital paleogene succession froni lacustrine carbonate facies at the bottom up to aluvial —fan terrigenous facies at the top.Peer reviewe

Petrofacies arenosas en el sector noroccidental de la Cuenca Ibérica

[EN] During the most active rifting stages in the northwestern sector of the Iberian Basin (Cameros Basin and Aragonese Branch of the Iberian Range), thick sequences of continental clastic deposits were generated. Sandstone records from Rift cycle 1 (Permo-Triassic) and Rift cycle 2 (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) show similarities in composition. Based on the most recent data, this paper describes sandstone petrofacies developed during both rifting periods. Six petrofacies can be distinguished: two associated with Rift cycle 1 (PT-1 and PT-2) and four with Rift cycle 2 (JC-1 to JC-4). All six petrofacies can be classifi ed as sedimentoclastic or plutoniclastic. Sedimentoclastic petrofacies developed during early rifting stages either through the recycling of pre-rift sediments or signifi - cant palaeogeographical changes. These facies comprise a thin succession (<100 m) of clastic deposits with mature quartzose and quartzolithic sandstones containing sedimentary and metasedimentary rock fragments. Carbonate diagenesis is more common than clay mineral diagenesis. Sedimentoclastic petrofacies have been identifi ed in Rift cycle 1 (Saxonian facies, PT-1) and Rift cycle 2 (JC-1 and JC-3; Tithonian and Valanginian, respectively). In the absence of the pre-rift sedimentary cover, metasedimentoclastic petrofacies sometimes develop as a product of the erosion of the low- to medium-grade metamorphic substratum (Petrofacies JC-2, Tithonian-Berriasian). Plutoniclastic petrofacies were generated during periods of high tectonic activity and accompanied by substantial denudation and the erosion of plutonites. Forming thick stratigraphic successions (1000 to 4000 m), these feldspar-rich petrofacies show a rigid framework and clay mineral diagenesis. In Rift cycle 1, plutoniclastic petrofacies (PT-2) are associated with the Buntsandstein. This type of petrofacies also developed in Rift cycle 2 in the Cameros Basin (JC-4) from DS-5 to DS-8 (Hauterivian-Early Albian), and represents the main basin fi ll interval. Sedimentoclastic and plutoniclastic petrofacies can be grouped into three pairs of basic petrofacies. Each pair represents a ‘provenance cycle’ that records a complete clastic cycle within a rifting period. Petrofacies PT-1 and PT-2 represent the ‘provenance cycle’ during Rift-1. In the Cameros Basin, two provenance cycles may be discerned during Rift cycle 2, related both to the Tithonian-Berriasian and the Valanginian-Early Albian megasequences. Tectonics is the main factor controlling petrofacies. Other factors (e.g., maturation during transport, local supply) may modulate the compositional signatures of the petrofacies yet their main character persists and even outlines the hierarchy of the main bounding surfaces between depositional sequences in the intracontinental Iberian Rift Basin.³KÛÈ[ES] Durante las fases de rifting más activas en el sector noroccidental de la Cuenca Ibérica (Cuenca de Cameros y Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica), se generaron potentes sucesiones detríticas de depósitos continentales. Los registros arenosos del ciclo Rift 1 (Permo-Triásico) y Rift-2 (Jurásico Superior-Cretácico Inferior) muestran similitudes en cuanto a su composición. El presente trabajo describe las petrofacies arenosas desarrolladas durante los dos períodos de rifting. Es posible establecer un total de seis petrofacies: dos relacionadas con el Rift-1 (PT-1 y PT-2) y cuatro con el Rift-2 (JC-1 a JC-4). Todas estas petrofacies pueden ser consideradas bien como sedimentoclásticas o como plutoniclásticas. Las petrofacies sedimentoclásticas se desarrollaron durante las etapas iniciales de rifting debido al reciclado del registro sedimentario pre-rift, o por importantes cambios paleogeográfi cos. Aparecen constituyendo sucesiones de depósitos clásticos poco potentes (<100 m) con areniscas cuarzosas y cuarzolíticas maduras con fragmentos de roca sedimentaria y metasedimentaria. La diagénesis está dominada por la presencia de carbonatos sobre los minerales de la arcilla. Esta petrofacies ha sido reconocida durante el ciclo Rift-1 (PT-1, facies saxoniense) y Rift-2 (JC-1 y JC-3; Titoniense y Valanginiense, respectivamente). Además, puede desarrollarse una petrofacies metasedimentoclástica debido a la erosión del sustrato metamórfi co de bajo y medio grado, una vez desmantelada la cobertera sedimentaria pre-rift. Las petrofacies plutoniclásticas se desarrollaron durante los periodos de máxima actividad tectónica asociada a un importante proceso de denudación y erosión de rocas plutónicas en el área fuente. Constituyen registros estratigráfi cos potentes (1000 a 4000 m) con petrofacies arenosas feldespáticas caracterizadas por un esqueleto rígido y el predominio de una diagénesis protagonizada por los minerales de la arcilla. Durante el ciclo Rift-1, la petrofacies plutonoclástica desarrollada (PT-2) está asociada a las facies Buntsandstein. Durante el ciclo Rift-2, la petrofacies plutoniclástica (JC-4) está representada por las secuencias deposicionales DS-5 a DS-8 (Hauteriviense-Albiense Inferior), constituyendo la etapa principal de relleno de la Cuenca de Cameros. Las petrofacies sedimentoclásticas y plutoniclásticas analizadas pueden agruparse en tres pares de petrofacies elementales. Cada par representaría un “ciclo de procedencia”, abarcando un ciclo detrítico completo de un periodo de rifting. Las petrofacies PT-1 y PT-2 representan el “ciclo de procedencia” durante Rift-1. En la Cuenca de Cameros, y durante el ciclo Rift-2, pueden distinguirse dos “ciclos de procedencia” relacionados con las megasecuencias Titoniense-Berriasiense y Valanginiense-Albiense Inferior. Por último, la tectónica es el factor principal que controla las petrofacies. No obstante, otros factores (i.e., maduración durante el transporte, aportes locales) pueden modular la señal de la composición de las petrofacies. Sin embargo, el carácter principal de la petrofacies persiste y es capaz de subrayar la jerarquía de las superfi cies estratigráfi cas principales de la Cuenca Ibérica de rift intracontinental.This study was supported by projects DGICYT BTE2001-026 and CGL2005-07445-C03-02/BTE. The manuscript benefi ted from critical reviews by Tom Mc- Cann and an anonymous referee.Peer reviewe

Impact of using Trepat and Monastrell red grape varieties on the volatile and nitrogen composition during the manufacture of rosé Cava sparkling wines

El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.The impact of using Trepat and Monastrell red grape varieties during the manufacture of rosé sparkling Cava wines on the nitrogen and volatile composition compared to a white Cava manufactured with a blend of typical white grape varieties (Xarello: Macabeo: Parellada) has been investigated. The wines were industrially manufactured in a cellar, and the concentrations of outstanding nitrogen compounds and 23 target volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes were determined in the base wines and in the corresponding Cava wines after 9, 12, 15 and 18 months of aging on lees. After the application of multivariate statistical analysis, the results showed the large effect of the variety employed in the manufacture of Cavas compared to the changes in wine composition due to the aging time. Depending on the composition, Trepat and White Cava wines were more similar than those manufactured with the variety Monastrell. However, the sensory study showed that the two rosé Cava wines had good sensory attributes and even slightly better foam characteristics than the white ones. The sensory study highlighted for the first time the adequacy of using Monastrell red grape variety to manufacture rosé sparkling wines. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Obtención y caracterización de péptidos antioxidantes a partir de preparados comerciales de levaduras secas inactivas

Resumen del póster presentado al XII Congreso de los Grupos de Investigación Enológica celebrado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), durante los días 18 a 21 de Junio de 2013.El empleo de preparados de levaduras secas inactivas (LSI) se ha generalizado en la industria enológica para mejorar las características organolépticas del vino, aunque los mecanismos implicados no han sido totalmente identificados. Recientemente, en nuestro laboratorio, se ha comprobado que los preparados LSI ricos en glutatión (GSH) inducen una menor evolución del color, así como cambios en la composición fenólica y el aroma de los vinos. Este efecto se ha relacionado con la actividad antioxidante del GSH, aunque también podría deberse a otros péptidos de bajo peso molecular procedentes de la levadura. En este trabajo se ha obtenido, mediante ultrafiltración, la fracción peptídica <3000Da de preparados de LSI indicados para distintos tipos de vino, llevándose a cabo su posterior fraccionamiento por HPLC a escala preparativa. La actividad antioxidante de las cuatro sub-fracciones obtenidas se ha seleccionado para llevar a cabo la identificación captación de radicales peroxilo (ORAC). La fracción que mostró mayor actividad antioxidante se ha seleccionado para llevar a cabo la identificación y caracterización de los péptidos presentes, comprobándose que el GSH no está contenido en dicha fracción, lo que sugiere la existencia de otros péptidos con potente actividad antioxidante que podrían contribuir a las propiedades de los preparados de LSI.Peer reviewe

Obtención y caracterización de péptidos antioxidantes a partir de preparados comerciales de levaduras secas inactivas

El empleo de preparados de levaduras secas inactivas (LSI) se ha generalizado en la industria enológica para mejorar las características organolépticas del vino, aunque los mecanismos implicados no han sido totalmente identificados. Recientemente, en nuestro laboratorio, se ha comprobado que los preparados LSI ricos en glutatión (GSH) inducen una menor evolución del color, así como cambios en la composición fenólica y el aroma de los vinos. Este efecto se ha relacionado con la actividad antioxidante del GSH, aunque también podría deberse a otros péptidos de bajo peso molecular procedentes de la levadura. En este trabajo se ha obtenido, mediante ultrafiltración, la fracción peptídica <3000Da de preparados de LSI indicados para distintos tipos de vino, llevándose a cabo su posterior fraccionamiento por HPLC a escala preparativa. La actividad antioxidante de las cuatro sub-fracciones obtenidas se ha seleccionado para llevar a cabo la identificación captación de radicales peroxilo (ORAC). La fracción que mostró mayor actividad antioxidante se ha seleccionado para llevar a cabo la identificación y caracterización de los péptidos presentes, comprobándose que el GSH no está contenido en dicha fracción, lo que sugiere la existencia de otros péptidos con potente actividad antioxidante que podrían contribuir a las propiedades de los preparados de LSI.Peer reviewe