Impact of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis on retinal ganglion cell function

Purpose: To analyse the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on the electrical response of retinal ganglion cells using pattern electroretinography (pERG). Methods: This was a longitudinal, prospective, observational pilot study. We included consecutive myopic patients who underwent FS-LASIK to correct up to 6dioptres of myopia and up to 2dioptres of astigmatism. Patients with excessive blinking or tearing and those with Snellen uncorrected visual acuity less than 0.9 dec on postop day 1 were excluded. Diopsys NOVA® (Diopsys Inc., NJ) pERG records, using high- and low-contrast patterns, were obtained 16 h and 1month after FS-LASIK was performed. Magnitude (μV), Magnitude D (μV), Magnitude D/Magnitude ratio and signal-to-noise ratio (dB) were analysed. Wilcoxon test for nonparametric paired data was employed. Results: pERG data from 24 eyes were analysed from 24 patients who underwent FS-LASIK. Mean age was 35.79±9.86 years. Mean preoperative refraction was −2.69±7.6D (spherical) and −0.38±0.40D (cylinder). Mean surgical time was 56.88±7.6s. No statistically significant differences were obtained for any of the studied parameters when comparing 16h with 1month after FS-LASIK, with the exception of Magnitude with low contrast, which increased from 1.21±0.2 to 1.39±0.29µV at 16 h and 1month postoperatively, respectively (p=0.03). Conclusions: FS-LASIK seems to induce a mild and transitory defect in retinal ganglion cell function. Only a mild decrease was detected in the magnitude value for low-contrast stimuli when pERG was performed 16h postoperatively, and it returned to normal 1 month after surgery

Experimental and genetic evidence for the impact of CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) resulting from the interaction of multiple environmental, genetic and immunological factors. CD5 and CD6 are paralogs encoding lymphocyte co-receptors involved in fine-tuning intracellular signals delivered upon antigen-specific recognition, microbial pattern recognition and cell adhesion. While CD5 and CD6 expression and variation is known to influence some immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, their role in IBD remains unclear. To this end, Cd5- and Cd6-deficient mice were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the most widely used experimental animal model of IBD. The two mouse lines showed opposite results regarding body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) changes following DSS-induced colitis, thus supporting Cd5 and Cd6 expression involvement in the pathophysiology of this experimental IBD model. Furthermore, DNA samples from IBD patients of the ENEIDA registry were used to test association of CD5 (rs2241002 and rs2229177) and CD6 (rs17824933, rs11230563, and rs12360861) single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical parameters of CD (n=1352) and UC (n=1013). Generalized linear regression analyses showed association of CD5 variation with CD ileal location (rs2241002CC) and requirement of biological therapies (rs2241002C-rs2229177T haplotype), and with poor UC prognosis (rs2241002T-rs2229177T haplotype). Regarding CD6, association was observed with CD ileal location (rs17824933G) and poor prognosis (rs12360861G), and with left-sided or extensive UC, and absence of ankylosing spondylitis in IBD (rs17824933G). The present experimental and genetic evidence support a role for CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in IBD's clinical manifestations and therapeutic requirements, providing insight into its pathophysiology and broadening the relevance of both immunomodulatory receptors in immune-mediated disorders

Performance of Screening Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from the ENEIDA Registry of GETECCU

(1) Aims: Patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy are at risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), usually due to the reactivation of a latent TB infection (LTBI). LTBI screening and treatment decreases the risk of TB. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of different LTBI screening strategies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (2) Methods: Patients in the Spanish ENEIDA registry with IBD screened for LTBI between January 2003 and January 2018 were included. The diagnostic yield of different strategies (dual screening with tuberculin skin test [TST] and interferon-gamma-release assay [IGRA], two-step TST, and early screening performed at least 12 months before starting biological treatment) was analyzed. (3) Results: Out of 7594 screened patients, 1445 (19%; 95% CI 18-20%) had LTBI. Immunomodulator (IMM) treatment at screening decreased the probability of detecting LTBI (20% vs. 17%, p = 0.001). Regarding screening strategies, LTBI was more frequently diagnosed by dual screening than by a single screening strategy (IGRA, OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.50-0.73, p < 0.001; TST, OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.66-0.88, p < 0.001). Two-step TST increased the diagnostic yield of a single TST by 24%. More cases of LTBI were diagnosed by early screening than by routine screening before starting anti-TNF agents (21% [95% CI 20-22%] vs. 14% [95% CI 13-16%], p < 0.001). The highest diagnostic performance for LTBI (29%) was obtained by combining early and TST/IGRA dual screening strategies in patients without IMM. (4): Conclusions: Both early screening and TST/IGRA dual screening strategies significantly increased diagnostic performance for LTBI in patients with IBD, with optimal performance achieved when they are used together in the absence of IMM

Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry

Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response

PhDAY 2020 -FOO (Facultad de Óptica y Optometría)

Por cuarto año consecutivo los doctorandos de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuentan con un congreso propio organizado por y para ellos, el 4º PhDAY- FOO. Se trata de un congreso gratuito abierto en la que estos jóvenes científicos podrán presentar sus investigaciones al resto de sus compañeros predoctorales y a toda la comunidad universitaria que quiera disfrutar de este evento. Apunta en tu agenda: el 15 de octubre de 2020. En esta ocasión será un Congreso On-line para evitar que la incertidumbre asociada a la pandemia Covid-19 pudiera condicionar su celebración

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Prostaglandin F2α analogues in glaucoma management

Prostaglandin F2α analogues are the most recent class of ocular hypotensive drugs that have become available for clinical use in patients with glaucoma. The terms `prostanoids' and `prostaglandin analogues' have been used to identify a group of compounds that are structural analogues of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2α; however, each drug has a different molecular structure that confers slightly different properties. The introduction of this group of antiglaucomatous drugs represented a revolution in glaucoma treatment not only as a result of their novel mechanism of action, but also due to the potent ocular hypotensive effect. Most prostaglandin F2α analogues are considered to be a first-line treatment for glaucoma. Although prostaglandin F2α analogues have a low incidence of systemic side effects (in contrast to those reported for other antiglaucomatous medications), their use has been associated with local adverse effects, including a novel intriguing side effect: prostaglandin-induced increased iridial pigmentation.Sin financiaciónNo data (2008)UE

Effect of Acute Increases of Intraocular Pressure on Corneal Pachymetry in Eyes Treated with Travoprost: An Animal Study

Purpose: To evaluate "in vivo" the effect of topical travoprost on the central corneal thickness (CCT) of rabbit eyes, and the changes in the CCT after acute increases of intraocular pressure (IOP) in these eyes. Materials and Methods: This is an interventional, prospective, case-control, masked study. Topical travoprost was applied once daily for one month to the right eye of six New Zealand male rabbits, the left eye of each animal served as control. The baseline CCT and IOP were measured under general anesthesia. After the IOP was stabilized at 15 and 30 mmHg, as registered by direct cannulation of the anterior chamber, CCT measurements were measured again at both pressure levels. Results: The baseline CCT was thicker in eyes previously treated with travoprost (study group) than in control eyes (p < 0.01). The CCT decreased in both groups when IOP was raised to 15 and 30 mmHg, and there were no statistically significant difference in absolute CCT values between study and control eyes at any of the IOP levels (p == 0.5). However, the amount of CCT decrease from baseline values was greater in eyes previously treated with travoprost (study group) than in control ones, at both 15 and 30 mmHg IOP levels (p == 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: Rabbit corneas treated with topical travoprost show a different strain response to acute increases in IOP than control eyes.1.280 JCR (2011) Q3, 34/58 Ophthalmolog

Glaucoma

4.350 JCR (2011) Q1, 16/155 Medicine, general & interna

Protocolo diagnóstico del ojo doloroso

4.350 JCR (2011) Q1, 16/155 Medicine, general & interna