Levinas’ notion of neighbor as an approach to understand Pío Baroja, otherness and modern Spain.

The Cold War era touched Spain only subtly. Because of the geopolitical situation of Europe during the second half of the 20th century, Spain remained almost isolated from macro politics, attempting impossible alliances with Italian and German fascism. For instance, whilst the rest of the world witnesses the beginning of the Cold War in 1947 and the Space Race, Spain’s history is marked by the death of a “matador”, Manuel Laureano Rodriguez “Manolete”, who copes the newspapers’ front pages for days and is followed by popular grief and controversy. Four decades before, Miguel de Unamuno already coins this ancestral voice of the Spaniard consciousness as “casticismo” and “intrahistoria”. However, in literary terms, Iberian literature showed clear signs of modernity, and sometimes, even of hybridity. The Iron Curtain did not cover the shame of a dictatorship regime in Spain, and yet, authors like Baroja describe that atmosphere at a great extent, even, as this paper wants to show, anticipates the Cold War psycho-social atmosphere. Authors like Levinas, on the other hand, provide a philosophical and theoretical frame to understand better both the Cold War period and the literary experimentation of Iberian authors towards the concept of the Other. In this piece, I discuss the proximity of the notion of the Other in Levinas and Baroja, and contrast this approach with the canonical vision of Baroja in Iberian literature

Forecasting Private Consumption Structure in European Countries: SKIM Model Results and Comparison with other Approaches

This analysis was performed with data from 10 European Union countries in the period 1962-86 and is devoted to the changes in the structure of private consumption with respect to eight commodity groups. We began with eleven different approaches from which we chose four. In turn we then compared them with the SKIM model. A total of 880 equations have been estimated during the period 1962-84 and from that source of information we evaluated the forecasting accuracy for the period 1984-86. The main conclusion is that the Skim model, presented in this paper, generally performs better than the other models considered, (Rotterdam, loglinear, LES, Deaton and Muellbauer, and related models). The paper also analyses the evolution of Private Consumption in 15 European Union countries during the period 1960-2000, in comparison in the USA and Japan.Private Consumption; Applied Econometric Models, European Economics

Compositon of Tantalum Nitride Thin Films Grown by Low-Energy Nitrogen Implantation: A Factor Analysis Study of the Ta 4f XPS Core Level

Tantalum nitride thin films have been grown by in situ nitrogen implantation of metallic tantalum at room temperature over the energy range of 0.5-5keV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Factor Analysis (FA) have been used to characterise the chemical composition of the films. The number of the different Ta-N phases formed during nitrogen implantation, as well as their spectral shape and concentrations, have been obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) and iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA), without any prior assumptions. According to FA results, the composition of the tantalum nitride films depends on both the ion dose and ion energy, and is mainly formed by a mixture of metallic tantalum, beta-TaN0.05, gamma-Ta2N and cubic/hexagonal TaN phases.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures submitted to Applied Physics

Bootstraping cointegration tests under structural co-breaks: a robust extended ECM test

The aim of the paper is the analysis of ECM bootstrap cointegration tests under structural breaks. Classical ECM tests depend on sorne nuisance parameters, which is an undesirable feature for empirical applications. This problem is overcome by using the bootstrap ECM test, which shows good size and power properties when there are no breaks. In this paper we study the small sample properties of alternative bootstrap ECM tests under different cobreaking situations. ECM test statistics are made robust to partial cobreaking by using extended error correction models or by imposing a common factor restriction

Cointegration Testing Under Structural Breaks: A Robust Extended Error Correction Model

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Detrending procedures and cointegration testing: ECM tests under structural breaks

It is well known that all the test for unit roots and cointegration depend on the deterministic elements that are in mean of the variables; constant, trend, breaks, outliers, segmented trends, etc. This is a serious inconvenient for empirical work. In this paper we analyze if those problems could be solved by forming the cointegration tests on extended models, on the components of the series obtained from trend cycle decompositions. We do that by Monte Carlo Simulations allowing for several structural breaks in the data generating process

Creación y plan de marketing de una empresa de maquinaria agraria de segunda mano

El primer capítulo trata los antecedentes de la maquinaria agraria en España, analizando la evolución que ha supuesto la mecanización en el sector agrario y la importancia que ha supuesto este sector industrial en la economía española. En el segundo capítulo se estudian aspectos como: el tipo de actividad que desarrollará esta nueva empresa, el mercado objetivo y los clientes potenciales, el nombre, el logotipo y el lema, la localización de la empresa, el tipo de sociedad y como va a ser financiada. En el tercer capítulo se estudia el plan de marketing de la empresa creada en el capítulo anterior. Un análisis estratégico de dicha empresa, incluyendo el análisis del entorno externo e interno, análisis DAFO, definición de estrategias donde se determina cual es la mejor estrategia que debe seguir.Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Consumption expenditure on Health and Education: Econometric models and evolution of OECD countries 1970-96

We analyse the evolution of Private Consumption on two special groups of expenditure: Health, and Education and Culture, having into account that there are some substitution effects between public and private expenditure on both groups. The comparison is made with data of real private expenditure by inhabitant, at 1990 prices and exchange rates, for 13 OECD countries in the period 1970-94 and with data of real public and private expenditure by inhabitant for 24 countries in the year 1996. We estimate some econometric models for private expenditure and the results confirm the existence of the substitution effect and that this effect seems to be higher in the case of Health. From the analysis of the evolution of these variable our main conclusion is that the to increase the expenditure on both groups, with economic development, is positive for welfare and obeys to a rational behaviour of consumers. So we do not agree with the propositions and attempts to cut public expenditure on these important services, which sometimes are made in the name of a kind economic efficiency that do not have into account, in the desirable degree, the quality of services and social welfare.