To screen or not to screen, what do the Pacific Island athletes teach us?

Non peer reviewe

Concentration ratios for chemical analogues of key nuclides for different vegetation types at the Olkiluoto site

Olkiluoto Island on the western coast of Finland has been selected as a repository site for spent nuclear fuel in Finland. This study aimed at identifying differences in concentration ratios (CR), and their distributions, for the elements analysed on soil and vegetation samples taken on the island (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, S, Zn). Many of the elements can be considered to be chemically analogous to radionuclides that, potentially, can be released from the repository. Differences between the soil and vegetation in different tree age, tree species and site fertility classes typical of the forest ecosystems in Olkiluoto were investigated. Lognormal distributions were fitted to the different groupings of the CR data calculated on the basis of the results from 94 sampling plots. In most cases no significant differences were found between the different groupings for a specific element when the 95% confidence intervals were applied. According to the results based on real site data for CRs in forest ecosystems on Olkiluoto, it appears that the current CR-based approach to radionuclide modelling in forest ecosystems is problematic due to the large variation in parameter values and in their practical definition

Are T-Inversions in Chest Leads Always Benign?

Non peer reviewe

Causes for delay before specialist consultation in head and neck cancer

Background: Head and neck cancers are often diagnosed at a late stage, thus resulting in a generally poor prognosis. This is partly attributable to patients' hesitancy in seeking treatment. However, the length and causes of these patient delays remain relatively unknown. Material and methods: We included all new head and neck cancer patients treated at our tertiary care center between 2016 and 2017. Using a patient questionnaire, we collected data on patients' symptoms and other factors related to seeking medical care, and recorded both patient- and primary health care-related delays. We then compared the data collected from these patients to patient and tumor characteristics collected from hospital records, and analyzed various causes for delay before a specialist consultation to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. Results: Among the patients (n = 142) in our study, the median patient delay was 35 d with 73% of patients seeking medical care within 3 months. In comparison, the median primary health-care delay was 20 d. Certain symptoms influenced patient delay. Hoarseness and breathing difficulties correlated with longer patient delay while patients with a lump on the neck had a shorter delay. Patient delay was associated with certain tumor-related factors such as the tumor site and the presence of regional metastases, which resulted in shorter patient delay. None of the patient-related factors appeared to impact delay. Important factors influencing primary health-care delay included the initial location visited and whether any follow-up visit was scheduled or not. Conclusions: Although most patients sought medical advice without a major delay and were adequately referred, we found that long delays existed. Raising awareness of the symptoms of head and neck cancer among general population and health-care providers is probably the best way to get patients to curative treatment without delay.Peer reviewe