Influence of engineered interfaces on residual stresses and mechanical response in metal matrix composites

Because of the inherent coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between fiber and matrix within metal and intermetallic matrix composite systems, high residual stresses can develop under various thermal loading conditions. These conditions include cooling from processing temperature to room temperature as well as subsequent thermal cycling. As a result of these stresses, within certain composite systems, radial, circumferential, and/or longitudinal cracks have been observed to form at the fiber matrix interface region. A number of potential solutions for reducing this thermally induced residual stress field have been proposed recently. Examples of some potential solutions are high CTE fibers, fiber preheating, thermal anneal treatments, and an engineered interface. Here the focus is on designing an interface (by using a compensating/compliant layer concept) to reduce or eliminate the thermal residual stress field and, therefore, the initiation and propagation of cracks developed during thermal loading. Furthermore, the impact of the engineered interface on the composite's mechanical response when subjected to isothermal mechanical load histories is examined

Administrative Aspects of State Corporation Law

Modern state corporation statutes are primarily enabling rather than regulatory in nature. In spite of this, there are certain administrative aspects of such statutes with which an attorney practicing in the corporate area must be familiar. This article discusses these administrative aspects of state corporation law

Incorporation of Professionals in Ohio: Past, Present, and Future

In 1961 the Ohio General Assembly enacted Chapter 1785 of the Ohio Revised Code authorizing the creation of professional associations. This legislation was deficient when enacted. Yet, despite criticism of the act and adequate opportunity, the Ohio Legislature has failed to reform this chapter of the Revised Code. This article will look at some of the background out of which the Ohio professional association legislation arose and at the substance and deficiencies of that legislation. Comments will be made on how the proposed Ohio Professional Corporation Act, promulgated in 1979 by the Corporation Law Committee of the Ohio Bar Association, would change or clarify current law

The Definition of a Security under the Federal Securities Law Revisited

The United States Supreme Court recently decided two cases involving the definition of security as used in the federal securities acts. In this brief case comment I will summarize the majority and dissenting opinions in Landreth Timber Co. v. Landreth, and Gould v. Ruefenacht . I will then comment on some of the policy questions raised by the cases, and conclude by evaluating how much guidance the two cases provide on the proper definition of security

When Is a Car a Bicycle and Other Riddles: The Definition of a Security under the Federal Securities Laws

In Marine Bank v. Weaver, the United States Supreme Court decided that a certificate of deposit purchased from a federally-regulated bank was not, under the circumstances of the case, a security under federal laws. Several recent federal court cases have considered the question of the status of certificates of deposit under factual circumstances somewhat different from Weaver. Two of these cases provide an interesting study of the uncertainty that continues to surround the definition of a security. And despite the lengthy definitions of security found in federal securities laws, much uncertainty remains as to exactly what is included within the concept of a security. This state of affairs is unacceptable given the importance of the issue to the business community and its legal counselors. This Article will discuss briefly the well-known Howey test and several questions regarding its interpretation. This Article will then address the three most recent Supreme Court cases dealing with the definition of security under the federal securities laws and show that these cases either have continued or compounded the confusion over the definition. The two post-Weaver certificate-of-deposit cases will then be examined in an effort to demonstrate the uncertainty which remains concerning the status of certificates of deposit under the federal securities laws. This Article will then conclude with a discussion of the confusion that has resulted due to judicial disagreement as to overriding policy and will propose that decisive action by the Supreme Court is necessary to bring some clarity and certainty to this important area of the law

The Definition of a Security under the Federal Securities Law Revisited

The United States Supreme Court recently decided two cases involving the definition of security as used in the federal securities acts. In this brief case comment I will summarize the majority and dissenting opinions in Landreth Timber Co. v. Landreth, and Gould v. Ruefenacht . I will then comment on some of the policy questions raised by the cases, and conclude by evaluating how much guidance the two cases provide on the proper definition of security

Administrative Aspects of State Corporation Law

Modern state corporation statutes are primarily enabling rather than regulatory in nature. In spite of this, there are certain administrative aspects of such statutes with which an attorney practicing in the corporate area must be familiar. This article discusses these administrative aspects of state corporation law

When Is a Car a Bicycle and Other Riddles: The Definition of a Security under the Federal Securities Laws

In Marine Bank v. Weaver, the United States Supreme Court decided that a certificate of deposit purchased from a federally-regulated bank was not, under the circumstances of the case, a security under federal laws. Several recent federal court cases have considered the question of the status of certificates of deposit under factual circumstances somewhat different from Weaver. Two of these cases provide an interesting study of the uncertainty that continues to surround the definition of a security. And despite the lengthy definitions of security found in federal securities laws, much uncertainty remains as to exactly what is included within the concept of a security. This state of affairs is unacceptable given the importance of the issue to the business community and its legal counselors. This Article will discuss briefly the well-known Howey test and several questions regarding its interpretation. This Article will then address the three most recent Supreme Court cases dealing with the definition of security under the federal securities laws and show that these cases either have continued or compounded the confusion over the definition. The two post-Weaver certificate-of-deposit cases will then be examined in an effort to demonstrate the uncertainty which remains concerning the status of certificates of deposit under the federal securities laws. This Article will then conclude with a discussion of the confusion that has resulted due to judicial disagreement as to overriding policy and will propose that decisive action by the Supreme Court is necessary to bring some clarity and certainty to this important area of the law