Through a Gender Lens: The Economic Security of Women and Girls in Forsyth County

The first research of its kind to focus specifically on the circumstances and needs of women in Forsyth County, this report draws attention to the individual, social and systemic issues and barriers to economic security by examining poverty rates, wages, educational attainment and occupations as well as the cost of necessary expenses such as housing, utilities, food, transportation, childcare and healthcare

Combining Observations Of Soils And Streams To Investigate Trends Caused By Reduced Acid Depositon In The Sleepers River Watershed

Acid deposition forms when emission-derived sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides interact with precipitation and was particularly severe in the northeastern US. Effects of acid deposition include declining soil quality due to low pH and base cation leaching, which subsequently altered the composition of soil solution, ground water (GW) and eventually stream water. Because of the high buffering capacity of carbonates, watersheds underlain by carbonate rich rocks have received limited attention in acid deposition studies, however, carbonate weathering by strong anthropogenic acids can increase atmospheric CO2 levels. Emission reductions due to the Clean Air Act and Amendments has led to a substantial reduction of acid deposition and many ecosystems are now recovering and stream water exports contain lower concentrations of acid anions and base cations. However, the effects of recovery on watershed soil, soil solution, and GW composition, which potentially varies with landscape position, are not well constrained. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate links between soils and water composition in a watershed with important carbonate contents in the underlying rock, the Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW), using long-term datasets that span the recovery period. Temporal trends (1991-2015) for acid anions (sulfate and nitrate), pH, base cations (Ca, Na) and Si were investigated for stream water and trends with time, depth, and landscape position (hilltop, hillslope, and riparian zone) for the same solutes were assessed in GW and soil solution (2004-2013). Furthermore, soil elemental composition and mineralogy in archived (1996) and modern (2017) soil samples were analyzed to investigate changes in soil composition due to base cation leaching and carbonate weathering with time and landscape position. Results indicate that SRRW is indeed recovering from acidification as evidenced by declining sulfate content and rising pH in stream water, GW, and soil solution. Additionally, Ca typically derived from carbonate weathering decreased progressively with time in GW and showed signs of decreasing in soil solution at various landscape positions due to reduced leaching. However, Ca in stream water shows slight increases, likely due to Ca released from riparian soil stores. Spatial heterogeneity is especially pronounced in headwater catchments with steep topography as evidenced by changes in solution and soil composition along hillslopes. In addition to the paper submitted for publication (Chapter 2) to Frontiers in Earth Science – Biogeochemistry this thesis includes i) a background and literature review to inform the reader on pertinent topics, ii) an appendix containing additional soil data with figures, iii) and an appendix with additional aqueous phase data with figures

Insects as fruit pollenators

Citation: Boys, William Armfield. Insects as fruit pollenators. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1904.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: There has perhaps been an idea quite prevalent among the majority of people for ages past that color, fragrance and all that is pleasing in flowers to the senses of man were created for his enjoyment. Christian Conrad Sprengel seems to have been the first to take a different view, of the subject. In 1787 he discovered that in most flowers that contain nectar it is so located that incests may have easy access to it and that at the same time it is protected from destruction by rain, and he concluded "that the nectar of these flowers is secreted for the sake of insects and is protected from rain in order that the insects may get it pure and unspoiled." He also observed that there were certain markings near the nectaries which he concluded were pathfinders or honey guides. This led to the conception that if these markings were to lead the insect to nectaries then the color of the flowers was first to attract the insect to the flower; Although his conslusions as to the importance of cross-fertilization in plants were rather meager, as later investigations has revealed, he was the means of starting observations which were carried on by others in later years that have given more established facts. There has been much study on the relation of insects to flowers in cross-pollenization on since the time of Sprengel. As it has been demonstrated that there is a decided benefit to plants in cross-pollenization

Changes in South Australian children's caries experience: Is caries re-surfacing?

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Jason Mathew Armfield and Andrew John Spence

Changes in South Australian children's caries experience: Authors' reply [Part 2]

This correspondence is continued from issue 4, 2004 of the Australian Dental Journal.Jason Armfield and A. John Spence

Modified fractional-step methods for the Navier-Stokes equations

Fractional step methods integrate the Navier-Stokes equations in a non-iterative fashion. The commonly used P2 pressure correction fractional step method introduces a second order in time error into the solution as a result of the non-iterative approach. In this paper two alternative fractional step methods are examined in which the additional error is third order in time. One of the methods extends the standard P2 method to increase the accuracy of the approximate pressure included in the momentum equations, and is denoted the P3 method. The other method solves a Poisson pressure equation prior to the solution of the momentum, and is denoted the pressure method. Both alternative methods are shown to reduce the overall error and increase the efficiency as compared to the standard method

Symbolic analysis of reduced forms of the Navier-Stokes equations

AbstractA unified development of symbolic analysis is presented. Symbolic analysis is used to identify reduced forms of the linearized steady Navier-Stokes equations which permit computational solutions to be obtained in a single spatial march in the dominant flow direction. In particular it is demonstrated that the “parabolized” form of the Navier-Stokes equations, although not parabolic, is well-posed as an initial-value problem in space, provided the solution is restricted to functions with compact support. The effectiveness of symbolic analysis for determining the well-posedness of complex systems of equations, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, is clearly demonstrated

Obama Transforming: Using Functional Theory to Identify Transformational Leadership

The 2008 presidential campaign convention speeches broke records as viewers flocked to the speeches by Obama, Palin, and McCain in numbers that rivaled American Idol ratings. Adapting functional theory (Benoit, 2007) to include transformational leadership characteristics (Bass & Avolio, 1990), President Obama‘s 2008 nomination acceptance speech was used test the adapting of functional theory for analyzing leadership claims. Secondary data were used as evidentiary support of Obama‘s efforts to make changes once in the White House. Results are discussed and framed within functional theory and transfor-mational leadership