Alergia a los alimentos

In this sesion we review the food allergy, the clinical diagnosis and expose the problems caused by cross-reactivity between proteins of different foods. We have to studied the prevention and treatment of food allergy and future therapeutic developments.And the most common questions from patients and their possible responses.A workshop with diagnostics tests in patients will be done.When evaluating possible food-induced allergic disorders, it is often useful to categorize disorders into IgE- and non-IgE-mediated syndromes. The initial history and physical examination are essentially identical for IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders, but the subsequent evaluation differs substantially. Proper diagnoses often require screening tests for evidence of food-specific IgE and proof of reactivity through elimination diets and oral food challenges. Clinical tolerance to food allergens will develop in many patients over time, and therefore follow-up risk food challenges are often indicated. However, a number of novel laboratory strategies like molecular analysis (component resolved diagnosis) are in the developmental stage and should provide more definitive treatment for some of these food-induced allergic disorders in the next several yearsEn esta sesión se revisa la alergia alimentaria, su clínica y diagnóstico y expondremos los problemas que causa la reactividad cruzada entre las proteínas de diferentes alimentos. Así mismo, se estudia la prevención y tratamiento de la alergia alimentaria y las novedades terapeúticas futuras. Y las preguntas más usuales de los pacientes y sus posibles respuestas. Se completa con un taller práctico con pruebas diagnósticas a pacientes con sospecha de alergia a alimentos.Al evaluar la clínica producida por la alergia a alimentos, se suele dividir en debida a anticuerpos IgE y no relacionada con estos anticuerpos. La anamnesis es fundamental pero la evaluación diagnóstica es diversa. En muchos casos es necesario una dieta de eliminación y provocaciones con el alimentos sospechoso. En ocasiones se logra la tolerancia al alimento pero a veces el diagnóstico requiere nuevas provocaciones lo que conlleva a un importante riesgo para el paciente. Sin embargo, nuevas estrategias de laboratorio como el análisis molecular (diagnóstico por componentes), pueden definir un diagnóstico más definitivo y seguro para los pacientes en los próximos años

Asma profesional: definición, tipos y etiopatogenia

Según los últimos análisis epidemiológicos, una de cada 5 personas alérgicas en los países desarrollados sufre alergia laboral. Existen más de 400 productos implicados en esta patología. Las causas y factores de riesgo son diversas y muchos pacientes afectados trabajan en la industria agroalimentaria o son profesionales sanitarios, agrícolas y de la limpieza. Los principales síntomas clínicos se pueden asociar a rinitis y dermatosis profesionales. En la mayoría de los casos de asma ocupacional, el paciente tiene que dejar su trabajo o requerir cambios sustanciales en el entorno laboral y de vida. El conocimiento profundo de las causas desencadenantes y el desarrollo de una inmunoterapia específicamásprecisa, podrán mejorar a los pacientes que la sufre

Alergia a alimentos y a drogas

This paper summarizes food allergy, its clinic and diagnosis, and discusses the problems caused by cross-reactivity between proteins in different foods. Likewise, the prevention and treatment of food allergy and future therapeutic novelties are studied. And the most common questions from patients and their possible answers. Next, the current knowledge about adverse drug reactions, which are very important in the practice of medicine and responsible for a great morbidity-mortality and health costs, is synthesized. This chapter reviews the latest developments in understanding how drugs sensitize the infant immune system, the factors that influence the immunogenicity of drugs, and the specific responses produced by each group. The mechanisms between idiosyncratic reactions and pseudoallergic reactions are distinguished. An approach to the diagnosis of drug allergy and a summary of the essential management are made. The problem of drug addiction is also important in children and allergy to cannabis and other drugs is possible.En este capítulo se resume la alergia alimentaria, su clínica y diagnóstico y expondremos los problemas que causa la reactividad cruzada entre las proteínas de diferentes alimentos. Así mismo, se estudia la prevención y tratamiento de la alergia alimentaria y las novedades terapéuticas futuras. Y las preguntas más usuales de los pacientes y sus posibles respuestas. Seguidamente se sintetiza los conocimientos actuales sobre las reacciones adversas a fármacos, que son muy importantes en la práctica de la medicina y responsables de una gran morbi-mortalidad y costos sanitarios. Este capítulo revisa los últimos hallazgos en la comprensión de cómo los fármacos sensibilizan al sistema inmunológico infantil, los factores que influencian la inmunogenicidad de los fármacos y las respuestas específicas producidas por cada grupo. Se distinguen los mecanismos entre reacciones de idiosincrasia y reacciones pseudoalérgicas. Se realiza una aproximación al diagnóstico de la alergia a fármacos y un resumen del manejo esencial. El problema de la drogodependencia es también importante en la edad pediátrica y es posible la alergia a cannabis y otras drogas

Alergia a alimentos y a drogas

En este capítulo se resume la alergia alimentaria, su clínica y diagnóstico y expondremos los problemas que causa la reactividad cruzada entre las proteínas de diferentes alimentos. Así mismo, se estudia la prevención y tratamiento de la alergia alimentaria y las novedades terapéuticas futuras. Y las preguntas más usuales de los pacientes y sus posibles respuestas. Seguidamente se sintetiza los conocimientos actuales sobre las reacciones adversas a fármacos, que son muy importantes en la práctica de la medicina y responsables de una gran morbi-mortalidad y costos sanitarios. Este capítulo revisa los últimos hallazgos en la comprensión de cómo los fármacos sensibilizan al sistema inmunológico infantil, los factores que influencian la inmunogenicidad de los fármacos y las respuestas específicas producidas por cada grupo. Se distinguen los mecanismos entre reacciones de idiosincrasia y reacciones pseudoalérgicas. Se realiza una aproximación al diagnóstico de la alergia a fármacos y un resumen del manejo esencial. El problema de la drogodependencia es también importante en la edad pediátrica y es posible la alergia a cannabis y otras drogas

Specific Immunotherapy Can Be A Useful Treatment in Seasonal Pollen Induced Esophagitis

[EN] Although pollen allergy is very common in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), it is doubtful that pollen is an etiological agent to consider. We selected 255 patients suffered from esophagitis with seasonal exacerbation, and performed a real life study on the efficacy of immunotherapy with the detected pollen and avoidance of food, if was also detected. Allergens involved in EoE were identified by prick, specific IgE and molecular analysis: component resolved diagnosis (CRD) by microarrays. Microscopic examination of esophageal biopsies of patients with EoE were made to verify the presence of callose (polysaccharide abundant in the polinic tubes during germination, but absent in animal tissues) in the esophagus. Endoscopy and biopsy were performed ever six months of treatment. Esophageal mucosal sections were analyzed by scanning electron microscope Immunotherapy guided by molecular analysis and biopsy study was useful to decide the treatment (avoidance or targeted immunotherapy). This treatment allowed us a more reasonable restriction of food in the diet and specific immunotherapy aimed at the suspected allergens responsible for the disease. After immunotherapy, 188 (74%) patients were discharged whit negative biopsy, no symptoms, no medication, without relapse. Specific molecular guided immunotherapy can be a useful treatment in seasonal pollen induced esophagitisS

Importance of Tetrahydroiso α-acids to the microbiological stability of beer

Producción CientíficaWhile beer provides a very stable microbiological environment, a few niche microorganisms are capable of growth in malt, wort, and beer. The production of off-flavors and development of turbidity in the packaged product are due to the growth and metabolic activity of wild yeast, certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Beer also contains bitter hop compounds, which are toxic to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and contribute to preventing the spoilage of this beverage. In the boiling process, the hop -acids (humulones) are isomerized into iso -acids. These products are responsible for the bitter taste of beer, but they also play an essential role in enhancing foam stability. Antibacterial activity of iso -acids and their hydrogenated derivates (rhoiso -acids and tetrahydroiso -acids) in MRS broth and beer have been evaluated against different LAB (Lactobacillus and Pediococcus) for the determination of their beer-stabilizing capabilities. Besides this, we have determined the minimum inhibitory concentration and the bacteriostatic effect of each compound against Pediococcus. We found that tetrahydroiso-acids (added directly to beer during production processes) are the compounds that present the greatest antibacterial activity against the main agents implicated in beer spoilage

Alergia a drogas de abuso

El Cannabis es la droga ilegal más consumida por los jóvenes. Es posible que la respuesta inmune y la toxicidad a las mismas estén relacionadas y que el organismo responda con un mecanismo tóxico-inmunológico.El cannabis posee alérgenos que provocan una respuesta inmune en el organismo y puede ser un importante alergeno en gente consumidora. Dada la exposición social, médica y ocupacional cada vez más frecuente a Cannabis sativa, se ha producido un aumento de la frecuencia de las reacciones alérgicas que, sin embargo, no se ha visto acompañada del deseado aumento de conocimiento sobre la reactividad IgE de alergenos a Cannabis. No obstante, recientemente hemos identificado la secuencia peptídica madura de la proteína de transferencia lipídica (LTP) y del estudio de la reactividad a IgE de un Can s3 recombinante (rCan s 3), ha sido posible sintetizar un ADN complementario a partir del ARN de hojas de Cannabis sativa L. spp sativa cv. Kompolti procedentes del jardín botánico de la Universidad de Bonn, que ha sido útil el el diagnóstico y prevención de la alergia a cannabis.En otro estudio extractos de Papaver somníferum se han utilizado el el diagnóstico de alergia a opioides.Due to the increasing social, medical, and occupational exposure to illicit drugs as cannabis and heroin, extracts from Cannabis sativa and Papaver somníferum were tested in allergic and drugs abusers people. The frequency of allergic reactions is growing but little is known about the IgE-reactivity of singledrugs allergens. To identify the mature peptide sequence of the lipid transfer protein (LTP) and to study the IgE-binding reactivity of a recombinant Can s 3 (rCan s 3), a cDNA was synthesized from total RNA of leaves from Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa cv. Kompolti obtained from the botanical garden of the University Bonn. The amplification of the LTP gene was performed with a primer mix deduced from published amino acid sequences.To determine the diagnostic accuracy of specific antibodies to morphine, codeine, rocuronium and oil body and aqueous fractions of Papaver somniferum seeds were used in the diagnosis and prevention of allergy to opioids

Health impact assessment of air pollution in Valladolid, Spain

Producción CientíficaTo estimate the attributable and targeted avoidable deaths (ADs; TADs) of outdoor air pollution by ambient particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5 and O3 according to specific WHO methodology. Design: Health impact assessment. Setting: City of Valladolid, Spain (around 300 000 residents). Data sources: Demographics; mortality; pollutant concentrations collected 1999–2008. Main outcome measures: Attributable fractions; ADs and TADs per year for 1999–2008. Results: Higher TADs estimates (shown here) were obtained when assuming as ‘target’ concentrations WHO Air Quality Guidelines instead of Directive 2008/50/EC. ADs are considered relative to pollutant background levels. All-cause mortality associated to PM10 (all ages): 52 ADs (95%CI 39 to 64); 31 TADs (95%CI 24 to 39). All-cause mortality associated to PM10 (<5 years): 0 ADs (95% CI 0 to 1); 0 TADs (95% CI 0 to 1). All-cause mortality associated to PM2.5 (>30 years): 326 ADs (95% CI 217 to 422); 231 TADs (95% CI 153 to 301). Cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality associated to PM2.5 (>30 years): ▸ Cardiopulmonary: 186 ADs (95% CI 74 to 280); 94 TADs (95% CI 36 to 148). ▸ Lung cancer : 51 ADs (95% CI 21 to 73); 27 TADs (95% CI 10 to 41).All-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality associated to O3 (all ages): ▸ All-cause: 52ADs (95% CI 25 to 77) ; 31 TADs (95% CI 15 to 45). ▸ Respiratory: 5ADs (95% CI −2 to 13) ; 3 TADs (95% CI −1 to 8). ▸ Cardiovascular: 30 ADs (95% CI 8 to 51) ; 17 TADs (95% CI 5 to 30). Negative estimates which should be read as zero were obtained when pollutant concentrations were below counterfactuals or assumed risk coefficients were below one. Conclusions: Our estimates suggest a not negligible negative impact on mortality of outdoor air pollution. The implementation of WHO methodology provides critical information to distinguish an improvement range in air pollution control. INTRODUCTION Numerous epidemiological studies conducte

Allergic hypersensitivity to cannabis in patients with allergy and illicit drug users

Producción Científica: Cannabis is the illicit drug most widely used by young people in high-income countries. Allergy symptoms have only occasionally been reported as one of the adverse health effects of cannabis use. Objectives: To study IgE-mediated response to cannabis in drug users, atopic patients, and healthy controls. Methods: Asthmatic patients sensitised to pollen, and all patients sensitised to tobacco, tomato and latex, considered as cross-reacting allergens, were selected from a data base of 21,582 patients. Drug users attending a drug-rehabilitation clinic were also included. Controls were 200 non-atopic blood donors. Specific IgE determination, prick tests and specific challenge with cannabis extracts were performed in patients and controls

Anaphylaxis caused by hidden soybean allergens in pillows

Producción CientíficaPillow stuffing can contain polyester, feathers, down, or, more recently, soy-based materials. Component-resolved diagnosis and microarray technology might be useful in patients with foodsensitized allergies or anaphylaxis caused by hidden allergens. We report 4 patients with repeated anaphylaxis, which was defined as a decrease in blood pressure and possibly lifethreatening adverse reactions1 during sleep at home but not in other places. Patient 1 was a 64-year-old woman with previous nocturnal rhinitis who began to experience anaphylaxis during sleep. Patient 2 was a 58-year-old man with progressive rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis after changing his bedroom furniture and bed linen. Patient 3 was a 64-year-old woman with previous sensitization to Anisakis simplex and nocturnal pharyngeal angioedema unrelated to eating fish or other sources of A simplex who experienced severe anaphylaxis during sleep. Patient 4 was a 69-year-old woman with nocturnal anaphylaxis for 1 year before diagnosi