Instant Replay in the National Football League

In this chapter the introduction of the Instant Replay video system in the National Football League (NFL) is analysed. The league started experimenting with video technology in 1986, which means it’s had more than 30 years of experience with a system similar to that approved by IFAB and FIFA in 2016. Although these are different sports, in this work the advent of technology and the evolution in NFL Instant Replay rules can be a roadmap in football. The role of the referee and the communication between coaches, referees, and TV now being discussed in football, has a long trajectory in the NFL. The NFL and its TV broadcasters have worked to find synergies to adapt league rules with the aim of improving the fan experience. However, despite its long implementation period and numerous incorrect real-time decisions overturned, there remain important voices proposing that Instant Replay should be limited, or even eliminated

Monitoring of an embankment dam in southern Spain based on Sentinel-1 Time-series InSAR

Sentinel-1A/B data were freely provided by ESA through Copernicus Programme. Data have been processed by SARPROZ (Copyright (c) 2009-2020 Daniele Perissin). The satellite orbits are from ESA Quality Control Group of Sentinel-1. Research was supported by: (a) ESA Research and Service Support for providing hardware resources employed in this work, (b) ReMoDams project ESP2017-89344-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) from Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, PAIUJA-2019/2020 and CEACTEMA from University of Jaen (Spain), and RNM-282 research group from the Junta de Andalucia (Spain), (c) ERDF through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation -COMPETE 2020 Programme within project >, and by National Funds through the FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) as part of project UID/EEA/50014/2013, (d) The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the National Programme of Sustainability (NPU II) project > (Czech Republic), and (e) Slovak Grant Agency VEGA under projects No. 2/0100/20.Deformation monitoring is a common practice in most of dams to ensure their structural health and safety status. Systematic monitoring is frequently carried out by means of geotechnical sensors and geodetic techniques that, although very precise an accurate, can be time-consuming and economically costly. Remote sensing techniques are proved to be very effective in assessing deformation. Changes in the structure, shell or associated infrastructures of dams, including adjacent slopes, can be efficiently recorded by using satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar Inteferometry (InSAR) techniques, in particular, Muti-Temporal InSAR time-series analyses. This is a mature technology nowadays but not very common as a routine procedure for dam monitoring. Today, thanks to the availability of spaceborne satellites with high spatial resolution SAR images and short revisit times, this technology is a powerful cost-effective way to monitor millimeter-level displacements of the dam structure and its surroundings. What is more, the potential of the technique is increased since the Copernicus C-band SAR Sentinel-1 satellites are in orbit, due to the high revisit time of 6 days and the free data availability. ReMoDams is a Spanish research project devoted to provide the deformation monitoring of several embankments dams using advances time-series InSAR techniques. One of these dams is The Arenoso dam, located in the province of Cordova (southern Spain). This dam has been monitored using Sentinel-1 SAR data since the beginning of the mission in 2014. In this paper, we show the processing of 382 SLC SAR images both in ascending and descending tracks until March 2019. The results indicate that the main displacement of the dam in this period is in the vertical direction with a rate in the order of -1 cm/year in the central part of the dam body.ESA Research and ServiceReMoDams project (AEI/FEDER, UE) from Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness ESP2017-89344-RCEACTEMA from University of Jaen (Spain)Junta de Andalucia European Commission RNM-282ERDF through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation -COMPETE 2020 Programme POCI-01-0145FEDER-006961National Funds through the FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) UID/EEA/50014/2013Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the National Programme of Sustainability (NPU II) project "IT4Innovations excellence in science" (Czech Republic) LQ1602Vedecka grantova agentura MSVVaS SR a SAV (VEGA) 2/0100/20PAIUJA-2019/202

Ilan, Tal-Miralles-Maciá, Lorena-Nikolsky, Ronit (eds.) (2021) La literatura rabínica

Ilan, Tal-Miralles-Maciá, Lorena-Nikolsky, Ronit (eds.) (2021) La literatura rabínica. Colección «La Biblia y las mujeres». Estella: Verbo Divino, 370 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9073-707-

Del descriptor al prescriptor: Escritura, Teología y Praxis en un mundo sumergente - Descriptor to prescriber: Scripture, theology and praxis in a world submergent

El objetivo de este estudio se enmarca en estas demandas con el afán de aproximarse a la mirada del escritor bíblico y además, anhelo atrevido, entrever la del mismísimo Yhwh. Se concluye que una disponibilidad de la Biblia presente entre los creyentes y, a su vez, alejada de los intereses del mercado es necesaria. Versiones del texto que establezcan, además de contextualización, relaciones con la verdad del contenido y con las necesidades de los receptores. Una vuelta al canon primigenio por la falta de un modelo original. Una hermenéutica histórico-lingüística que sea prescriptiva y sentimental, la emoción discurriendo a través de la razón

Linking sedimentation rates and large-scale architecture for facies prediction in nonmarine basins (Paleogene, Almazán Basin, Spain)

This paper focuses on the relationships between the large-scale stratigraphic architecture of the Almazán basin infill and the sedimentation rates (SR) calculated for precise time intervals. Our aim is to improve the understanding of the timing and causes of the architectural changes, their significance in terms of accommodation space and sediment supply, and their relationship with climate and tectonics. The study area includes the Gómara fluvial fan, the main sediment transfer system of the Almazán basin during Paleogene times. Its large-scale architecture shifted through time between a stacking pattern of low density ribbon-like and high density sheet-like channel fills. Laterally to the fluvial system, mudstone and evaporitic mudstone units represented evaporitic mudflats which passed laterally into palustrine/lacustrine limestone units interpreted as lakes and ponds. Stacked calcretes occurred in distal alluvial and distal floodplain settings. A magnetostratigraphy encompassing 2600 meters guided by available fossil mammal biochronology has provided a temporal framework that spans the complete Paleogene infill of the basin, from Late Lutetian to Late Oligocene, filling a gap in the Cenozoic chronostratigraphy of Spanish basins. This permits to constrain the kinematics of the structures both in the basin and in its margins, and to provide the timing for the depositional sequences. These data, combined with a magnetostratigraphic map, where magnetic reversals were traced through the Gómara monocline, allow a detailed analysis of the SR variability across the fluvial system and its adjacent depositional environments. The results show that high sedimentation rates (around 30-40 cm/kyr) are related to fluvial environments with low density ribbon-shaped channels, while low SR (around or below 10 cm/kyr) are related to high density sheet-like channels. Laterally, mud dominated environments with high SR (15-20 cm/kyr) grade into palustrine/lacustrine carbonated environments with low SR (around 9 cm/ky). The lowest SR (about 3 cm/kyr) are related to the development of stacked calcrete profiles in distal floodplain and in the connection of distal alluvial and palustrine/lacustrine units

Construyendo una visión adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia en futuros maestros

La importancia de fomentar una visión adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia está ampliamente aceptada, adquiriendo especial importancia en el momento actual para la construcción de sociedades del conocimiento. Partiendo de una revisión de la literatura, se ha seleccionado un cuestionario validado para analizar la imagen de los futuros maestros sobre la ciencia. El principal objetivo no ha sido el llevar a cabo una descripción masiva de una determinada población, sino más bien, orientar la construcción de una concepción más adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia. Los resultados obtenidos se han categorizado atendiendo a: el papel de la experimentación en la construcción del conocimiento científico, la naturaleza explicativa y tentativa de las teorías, la creatividad y el ingenio en la formulación de teorías científicas y la dimensión humana de la ciencia

Construyendo una visión adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia en futuros maestros

La importancia de fomentar una visión adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia está ampliamente aceptada, adquiriendo especial importancia en el momento actual para la construcción de sociedades del conocimiento. Partiendo de una revisión de la literatura, se ha seleccionado un cuestionario validado para analizar la imagen de los futuros maestros sobre la ciencia. El principal objetivo no ha sido el llevar a cabo una descripción masiva de una determinada población, sino más bien, orientar la construcción de una concepción más adecuada sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia. Los resultados obtenidos se han categorizado atendiendo a: el papel de la experimentación en la construcción del conocimiento científico, la naturaleza explicativa y tentativa de las teorías, la creatividad y el ingenio en la formulación de teorías científicas y la dimensión humana de la ciencia