Zinc associated nanomaterials and their intervention in emerging respiratory viruses:Journey to the field of biomedicine and biomaterials

Respiratory viruses represent a severe public health risk worldwide, and the research contribution to tackle the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main targets among the scientific community. In this regard, experts from different fields have gathered to confront this catastrophic pandemic. This review illustrates how nanotechnology intervention could be valuable in solving this difficult situation, and the state of the art of Zn-based nanostructures are discussed in detail. For virus detection, learning from the experience of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, the potential use of Zn nanomaterials as suitable sensing platforms to recognize the S1 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Furthermore, a discussion about the antiviral mechanisms reported for ZnO nanostructures is included, which can help develop surface disinfectants and protective coatings. At the same time, the properties of Zn-based materials as supplements for reducing viral activity and the recovery of infected patients are illustrated. Within the scope of noble adjuvants to improve the immune response, the ZnO NPs properties as immunomodulators are explained, and potential prototypes of nanoengineered particles with metallic cations (like Zn(2+)) are suggested. Therefore, using Zn-associated nanomaterials from detection to disinfection, supplementation, and immunomodulation opens a wide area of opportunities to combat these emerging respiratory viruses. Finally, the attractive properties of these nanomaterials can be extrapolated to new clinical challenges

Zinc associated nanomaterials and their intervention in emerging respiratory viruses: Journey to the field of biomedicine and biomaterials.

Respiratory viruses represent a severe public health risk worldwide, and the research contribution to tackle the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main targets among the scientific community. In this regard, experts from different fields have gathered to confront this catastrophic pandemic. This review illustrates how nanotechnology intervention could be valuable in solving this difficult situation, and the state of the art of Zn-based nanostructures are discussed in detail. For virus detection, learning from the experience of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, the potential use of Zn nanomaterials as suitable sensing platforms to recognize the S1 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Furthermore, a discussion about the antiviral mechanisms reported for ZnO nanostructures is included, which can help develop surface disinfectants and protective coatings. At the same time, the properties of Zn-based materials as supplements for reducing viral activity and the recovery of infected patients are illustrated. Within the scope of noble adjuvants to improve the immune response, the ZnO NPs properties as immunomodulators are explained, and potential prototypes of nanoengineered particles with metallic cations (like Zn2+) are suggested. Therefore, using Zn-associated nanomaterials from detection to disinfection, supplementation, and immunomodulation opens a wide area of opportunities to combat these emerging respiratory viruses. Finally, the attractive properties of these nanomaterials can be extrapolated to new clinical challenges

HABILIDAD DE LOS PROBIÓTICOS PARA UNIR AFLATOXINAS CARCINOGÉNICAS/ ABILITY OF PROBIOTICS TO BIND CARCINOGENIC AFLATOXINS

Las aflatoxinas se encuentran en gran variedad de alimentos contaminados con los hongos que las producen. Son altamente tóxicas y carcinogénicas, representando un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. La prevención de la contaminación es vital para el control de las aflatoxinas. También se han desarrollado métodos para eliminar su presencia de los alimentos. Actualmente se estudian microorganismos probióticos, principalmente de los géneros Lactobacillus y Bifidobacterium, que unen aflatoxinas con la posibilidad de removerlas de matrices contaminadas. Se ha probado que la capacidad de unión es especie y cepa específica y que se establece a través de los componentes de la pared celular. Sin embargo, el tipo de unión entre probiótico y aflatoxina no ha sido del todo elucidada. Son necesarios estudios más finos que permitan entender la naturaleza química de dicha unión, su estabilidad, condiciones que la afectan y comportamiento en distintos modelos, para escalar su aplicación de manera adecuada. ABSTRACT Aflatoxins are found in a wide variety of foods contaminated with molds that produce these compounds. They are highly toxic and carcinogenic, which makes them a worldwide public health concern. Prevention of contamination is vital for aflatoxin control. Thus, some methods have been developed to remove them from food. At present probiotic microorganisms that bind aflatoxins and possibly remove them from contaminated media are being investigated. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the principal genus studied. It has been found that probiotic-aflatoxin binding is species and strain-specific and is carried out through cell wall components. However, the type of union between probiotic and aflatoxin has not been completely elucidated. Finest studies are needed to understand the chemical nature of this binding, its stability, the conditions affecting it, and its behavior in different models, to properly scale its application

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Propuesta de un programa de educación para la salud enfocado a la prevención del maltrato en el adulto mayor

El adulto mayor se define como aquellas personas son aquellas personas que tienen 60 a ñ os o m á s de edad . No obstante, el envejecimiento es un proceso gradual y adaptativo, caracterizado por una disminuci ó n en la respuesta homeost á tica (es el equilibrio que permite al cuerpo tener el funcionamiento adecuado), esto es debido a las modificaciones que presenta morfol ó gicamente, fisiol ó gicamente, bioqu í micamente y psicol ó gicamente; generadas por los cambios a la edad y el desgaste que vive el organismo a lo l argo de la vida.La presente investigación describe algunos aspectos sobre el ma ltrato hacia el adulto mayor; tales como sus determinantes sociales, las repercusiones sociales y el papel que desempe ñ a la familia, para ello se recolectaron de datos sociodemogr á ficos, aspectos sobre la dinámica familiar como manifestaciones que ejerce los familiares, valores, rol es famil iar es y la comunicaci ó n dentro de la misma; de este modo se planteó el objetivo de dise ñ ar la propuesta de un programa para la prevenci ó n del maltrato hacia el adulto mayor. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se realizó un estudio no experimenta l, prospectivo, tr ansversal y descriptivo; la muestra constó de 15 a dultos mayore s del Municipio de Chimalhuacán, para la recolección de datos se utilizó el instrumento “ Encuesta del maltrato hacia el adulto mayor ”

Estrategias didácticas para la enseñanza aprendizaje de la historia en 6º grado de primaria

Licenciatura en Educació

Estudio de factibilidad para la exportación de conservas alimenticias al país de Argentina

Con la apertura comercial que existe entre México y Argentina, se requiere conocer la factibilidad de exportar conservas alimenticias hacia dicho país, quien representa para México el 5to. Socio comercial en América Latina. Los principales productos que se exportan a Argentina son: teléfonos celulares, automóviles y autopartes, productos químicos, medicamentos, combustibles minerales, equipo electrónico y de cómputo, energéticos y derivados, así como maquinaria y equipo. México y Argentina tienen establecidos varios Acuerdos de Complementación Económica (ACE) como el ACE 6 en donde la lista de productos susceptibles abarcan 2000, sumado a los desgravados, representa 5000; es decir, cerca del 90% del total del universo, así como el ACE 55 (MERCOSUR) en el cual se negocio la inclusión del sector de autopartes entre los dos países. Uno de los principales sectores de oportunidad para comercializar en Argentina son las botanas, y dentro de este ramo se encuentran clasificadas las conservas alimenticias. En México, y en especial en el Estado de Guanajuato, las conservas alimenticias se elaboran en varios municipios entre los que se encuentran: Valle de Santiago, Irapuato, Celaya, Salamanca, Villagrán, Pueblo Nuevo, Huanímaro, Romita y Guanajuato capital. Las principales hortalizas empleadas en a elaboración de estos productos son papa, zanahoria, nopal, cacahuate, coliflor, brócoli, chiles, , melón, pepino y jícama entre otros, siendo el principal productor de esta materia prima la región Suroeste de Guanajuato. Con la realización de un estudio de factibilidad se pudo detectar la oportunidad para exportar a Argentina este tipo de producto. El proyecto incluye un estudio sobre la producción de insumos necesarios para la elaboración de las conservas en el estado de Guanajuato, la investigación de mercados con información primaria y secundaria de la República de Argentina y en especial de la ciudad de La Plata, Bs. As.; además de los trámites aduanales y organizaciones encargadas de la operación en el país importador, y la logística de los productos.Factibilidad, Exportación, Conservas alimenticias, Argentina

Electronic absorption spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) wavelength ranges is one of the oldest and most often used characterization methods in coordination chemistry. This overview illustrates examples ranging from four-coordinate and six-coordinate complexes of d-block elements to modern lanthanide complexes