The relation of CD3, CD4, CD8 and PD-1 expression with tumor type and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancers

Objectives: Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease, where chronic inflammation plays a key role in carcinogenesis. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the relationship with prognosis and chemotherapy response to clinicopathologicalnvariables in epithelial ovarian cancers such as proliferation of PD-1 +, CD8 +, CD4 +, CD3 + T-lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor and tumor stroma.Material and methods: Seventy-six cases diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian tumor from biopsy or surgical resection materials were included in the study. Immunreactivity of CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1 was evaluated immunohistochemically in lymphocytes in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and stromal lymphocytes.Results: Seventeen (22.4%) of the cases were Type I, 59 (77.6%) of them were Type II ovarian carcinoma. PD-1 positivity was observed in stromal and intraepithelial lymphocytes in 22 (28.9%) of 76 cases. In the presence of PD-1 + T-lymphocytes that infiltrate tumor and stroma, disease-free survival are shorter (p = 0.037). The presence of stromal CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocytes was more common in late stage patients (p = 0.012, p = 0.036; respectively). The disease-free and overall survival rate was statistically significantly shorter in the presence of CD8 + T lymphocytes (p = 0.009, p = 0.003; respectively).Conclusions: CD3, CD4 and CD8 may contribute to PD-1 mediated tumor control. Anti PD-1 therapy may be an alternative to chemotherapy in PD-1 positive patients. Identifying patients who do not respond to chemotherapy through PD-1 expression prior to immunotherapy will help develop potential personalized immunotherapy

The role of hofbauer cells on vıllous vasculature ın early fetal losses

Spontan düşükler sonucu ortaya çıkan erken fetal kayıplar, gebeliğin en sık karşılaşılan komplikasyonudur. Spontan düşüklerin nedenleri arasında; anomalili zigot gelişimi, maternal sorunlar, kromozomal anomaliler, immünolojik hastalıklar ve sorunlu plasental damarlanma sayılabilir. Hofbauer hücreleri (HH) plasental makrofaj olarak da isimlendirilir ve birçok plasental olayda rolleri vardır. Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı, erken fetal kayıplarda HH'lerinin rolünü araştırmaktır. Missed abortus (MA, n=15), blighted ovum (BO, n=15) gruplarına ait gebelik materyalleri ile kontrol grubu olarak seçilen istenmeyen gebelik materyallerine (n=15) ait arşiv bloklarından elde edilen kesitler, HH'ini ve endotel hücrelerini göstermek için sırasıyla CD68 ve CD31 antikorları ile immünohistokimyasal olarak boyandı. Işık mikroskopik düzeyde HH sayımı yapıldı. Vaskülogenezi ölçmek için iki yöntem kullanıldı. Chalkey yöntemi ile mikrodamar dansitesi değerlendirildi ve ayrıca semikantitatif olarak mikrodamar skoru belirlendi. HH, BO ve MA olgularında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla bulundu (Sırasıyla, p = 0.005 ve p << 0.001). HH sayısı MA ve BO arasında anlamlı fark göstermedi (p= 0.04). Chalkey yöntemi ile değerlendirilen mikrodamar dansitesi açısından, kontrol grubu ile MA ve BO olguları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla, p=0.29 ve p= 0.09). Mikrodamar skoru bakımından, MA olguları ile kontrol grubu ve BO olguları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış bulundu (sırasıyla, p=0.003 ve p=0.003). Kontrol grubu ile BO olguları arasında mikrodamar skoru açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p=0.54). Sonuç olarak, HH'nin erken fetal kayıplarda biyolojik anlamı olabileceğini ve MA olgularında plasental damar gelişimi ile ilişkili rol oynadığını düşünmekteyiz. Bu durumda da hipoksiye bağlı olarak HH sayıca artmış olabilir. BO olgularında HH'nde anlamlı artış görülmesi ise, bu hücrelerin hücresel transport, immünolojik ya da inflamatuar rolleri ile ilişkili olabilir Early fetal loss due to spontaneos abortions is the most common complication of pregnancy. Possible causes include congenital anomalies of the zygote, maternal problems, chromosomal abnormalities, immunological disorders and defective vasculogenesis. Hofbauer cells (HH) are the placental macrophages playing roles on many important placental events. The aim of this retrospective study is investigate the role of HH in early fetal losses . The slides obtained from archieval blocks of missed abortion (MA, n = 15) and blighted ovum (BO, n =15) cases and unwanted pregnancies materials (control group, n = 15) were stained by immunuhistochemical metods using CD68 and CD31 antibody to label HH and endotelial cells, respectively. Hofbauer cells were counted under light microscope. Vasculogenesis was evaluated using two methods: Chalkey method and microvessel scoring.  The mean number of vilous Hofbauer cells was found to be significantly higher in both BO and MA in contrast to the control group ( p = 0.005 and p<<0.001, respectively) . However it was not significantly different between BO and MA (P = 0.04). Chalkey method revealed no statisticaly significant difference in the control group in comparison with MA and BO in (P=0.29, P=0.09, respectively). Higher microvessel scorring were found in MA in contrast to BO and the control group ( p=0.003 and p=0.003, respectively). However, there was no difference between the control group and BO ( p=0.54). We think that HH may be of biological importance in early fetal losses and play a role on defective vasculature formation in MA. We speculate that this role may result from a hypoxic insult. We also speculate that HH may play a role in the pathogenesis of BO resulting from their other effects on cellular transport, immunity and inflamation. &nbsp

HIDRADENOMA PAPILLIFERUM OF THE VULVA: CASE REPORT

Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is a rare, small, benign, cystic, papillary, slow growing tumour arising from the apocrine gland in the anogenital region of adult women. A 54-year-old patient had an asymptomatic nodule in the vulvar region for three months. Approximately a 1x1.5 cm nodular formation was observed on the left labium minus. In the pathological examination of the tissue removed by local excision, the diagnosis of the hidradenoma papilliferum was made. Hidradenoma papilliferum, which is a rare condition, has been presented in literature

Cervical cytological screening results of 8,495 cases in Turkey - common inflammation but infrequent epithelial cell abnormalities?

ALTUN, EREN/0000-0001-9110-8364WOS: 000343722900004PubMed: 25040962Background: Cervical cancer is the ninth most common cancer among females in Turkey. Cervical smear is a routine screening test used for the detection of cervical abnormalities and also it detects certain infections of the cervix. Objective: To analyze cervical smear results of our clinic in order to determine most frequent pathology of the women in North Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study design, 8,495 cervical cytology cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of the Regional Education and Research Hospital in Erzurum over the last one and half years extending from August 2012 to December 2013 were investigated. Results: The most common diagnosis was found to be inflammation, 65.5 % (5,566 out of 8,495), and the least was squamous epithelial abnormalities 0.2% (13 out of 8,495). There was some variation among the three pathologists regarding diagnosis but findings for the latter. Conclusions: Regular cervical smear tests are one of the most important strategies in early diagnosis of cervical cancer but there are conflicting data regarding the prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities in Turkey, and the reasons of this should be investigated

Simple Peripheral Blood Cell Parameters: Neutrophil/Lymphocyte, Platelet/Lymphocyte and Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratios Do Not Determine Breast Cancer Subtypes

Breast cancer is associated with different intrinsic biological subtypes, depending on immunohistochemical properties and gene expression patterns, and these subtypes play a determinant role in the treatment approach and clinical results. In the current study, the neutrophil–lymphocyte, platelet–lymphocyte and monocyte–lymphocyte ratios were evaluated as potential prognostic indicators of breast cancer types and subtypes. A retrospective evaluation of 243 patients was performed. Breast cancer subtypes were classified as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple-negative subtypes. The luminal A subtype was ER positive and/or PR positive and HER2 negative and Ki-67 low. The luminal B subtype was ER positive and/or PR positive or negative and HER2 negative and Ki-67 high or ER positive and/or PR positive or negative and HER2 positive and any Ki-67. The HER2 subtype was ER and PR negative and HER2 positive. The triple-negative subtype was ER negative, PR negative and HER2 negative. Full blood count results were obtained before surgery, and the NLR, PLR and LMR values in breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes were calculated. There was no significant difference between the NLR, LMR and PLR according to the breast cancer subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple negative) (p = 0.83, p = 0.34 and p = 0.20). The present study found no significant correlation between pre-operative NLR, PLR and LMR values and tumour subtypes. © 2020, Association of Surgeons of India

CD97 expression level and its effect on cell adhesion in Preeclampsia

Abstract Objectives Cellular interactions and cell adhesion underlie preeclampsia (PE). The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of cell adhesion molecules such as CD97, neural (N)-cadherin, epithelial (E) -cadherin and integrin beta-4 in PE. Methods This prospective study included 20 pregnant women with PE and a control group of 16 healthy pregnant women who were matched for age, gestational age, gravida and parity. Standard blood tests and placental cell adhesion molecule immunohistochemical staining were examined. Results The creatinine, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels from standard blood tests were found to be statistically higher in the PE group (p = 0.002, p = 0.000, p = 0.001; respectively). In the PE group, the CD97 maternal serum level was statistically significantly lower, as was its immunohistochemical expression in placental sections (p = 0.028, p = 0.000; respectively). The E-cadherin expression score was statistically higher in the PE group compared to the control group (3,65 ± 1,84 vs 2,06 ± 1,76 respectively; p = 0.003). The N-cadherin expression score was statistically lower in the PE group compared to the control group (1,50 ± 0,82 vs 2,43 ± 1,59 respectively; p = 0.049). Integrin beta-4 was not statistically different between groups. Conclusions Cellular interaction may be responsible for PE as in cancer. A balance in intercellular communication, as researched in cancer therapy, may offer the solution in PE