Analisa Ekonomi Perbaikan Jalan Palembang - Betung Kab. Banyuasin terhadap Nilai Kerugian Akibat Kemacetan

Jalan merupakan prasarana transportasi darat dalam menunjang perekonomian dan pergerakan serta syarat mutlak bagi perkembangan dan pembangunan suatu daerah. Jalan Palembang – Betung yang terletak di Kab. Banyuasin merupakan jalan nasional yang menghubungkan jaringan pergerakan transportasi nasional sepanjang Pulau Sumatera yang dikenal dengan Jalan Lintas Timur. Jalan ini juga merupakan salah satu arus utama perpindahan dari dan ke ibukota Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yaitu Palembang. Namun, pergerakan tersebut selalu terhambat oleh kendala utama yakni kemacetan yang disebabkan oleh volume kendaraan yang tinggi dan kerusakan jalan sepanjang pintu masuk hingga beberapa kilometer setelahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari nilai perbaikan jalan Palembang – Betung Kab. Banyuasin, nilai kerugian akibat kemacetan serta perbandingan diantara keduanya. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mulai dari studi pendahuluan dan literatur, pengumpulan dan pengolahan data, analisis biaya perbaikan jalan, analisis biaya perjalanan dan analisis ekonomi. Dari hasil penelitian, didapat kerugian akibat kemacetan dan pemborosan Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BOK) mencapai Rp 66,045,211,695 dan Rp 1,420,967,693,713 pada tahun 2024. Dengan perbaikan dan perlebaran jalan menjadi 15 m (4/2 UD) sepanjang 10 km yaitu pada STA 0+000 – 10+000 dibutuhkan biaya proyek sebesar Rp 70,073,239,000, dengan pemeliharaan jalan tahunan, total biaya proyek menjadi Rp 86,096,403,927 pada tahun 2024. Investasi perbaikan jalan ini layak secara ekonomi karena dari hasil perhitungan NPV didapat nilai Rp 685,596,547,175.94 dan BCR dengan nilai 16,5

JOINT MOMENTS AND NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTIONING IN DROP JUMP EXERCISES

INTRODUCTION: Drop jump (DJ) exercises from different dropping heights are often used to obtain important data about the degree of adaptability of the locomotor system to increasing amounts of mechanical load. The purpose of this study was to analyze the adaptation of the neuromuscular system to mechanical load increases. These neuromuscular adaptations where related to the joints’ moments of force and to relative changes in the length of the leg extensor muscles. METHODS: Ten elite sprinters (height: 182±5.0 cm, body mass: 75.3±4.5 kg, best performance over 100 meters: 10.4±0.2 s) performed 6 DJs from 25, 40, 55 and 70 cm. EMG signals and ground reaction forces were recorded at 1000 Hz. EMGs from the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius (GAS), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus maximus GM muscles were full wave rectified and integrated (iEMG) across different functional phases: pre-activation (PRE) (100 ms prior to contact), reflex induced activation phase (RIA) (from 20 ms to 100 ms after contact) and late EMG response phase (LER) (from 100 ms to the finish). Vertical peak and vertical net impulses were calculated. Simultaneously, angular kinematic data on the ankle, knee and hip joints were calculated using a video analysis system (120 Hz). Joint net moments from the hip, knee and ankle were calculated using an inverse dynamics method. Student’s T-tests were used to analyze the effects of drop jump height. RESULTS: The stretching and shortening velocities increased in all muscles with an increase in DJ height. Nevertheless, no differences were found in vertical jumping performance between DJs executed from different heights. The subjects were able to reduce the increasing stretching load, producing higher vertical net impulses during the downward movement. The percentage of total length changes of GAS, RF, VM and SOL increased with stretching load, average values increasing from 4.7% at DJ25 to 7.8% at DJ70; these values are inside the short range elastic stiffness. The iEMG of the RIA phase increased slightly with the increase of dropping height for VM, RF, GAS, SOL. For these muscles, the RIA phase presented higher iEMG values when compared with LER. For the four jumping heights, the peak values of hip, knee and ankle joint moments were similar. Nevertheless, a different joint moment/time curve pattern was obtained. On DJ70, the peak values of joint moments of the three joints were obtained earlier, coinciding with the stretching phase of the muscles studied. For DJ70, a decline in the value of the moments of force on the three joints was observed during the ascending phase. CONCLUSION: The athletes studied were able to resist increasing stretching speeds and forces during the braking phase. This ability was related to the increased capability of maintaining high levels of stretch reflex during the RIA phase, revealing the importance of the stretch reflex effect on increasing muscle stiffness

JOINT MOMENTS AND NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTIONING IN DROP JUMP EXERCISES

INTRODUCTION: Drop jump (DJ) exercises from different dropping heights are often used to obtain important data about the degree of adaptability of the locomotor system to increasing amounts of mechanical load. The purpose of this study was to analyze the adaptation of the neuromuscular system to mechanical load increases. These neuromuscular adaptations where related to the joints’ moments of force and to relative changes in the length of the leg extensor muscles. METHODS: Ten elite sprinters (height: 182±5.0 cm, body mass: 75.3±4.5 kg, best performance over 100 meters: 10.4±0.2 s) performed 6 DJs from 25, 40, 55 and 70 cm. EMG signals and ground reaction forces were recorded at 1000 Hz. EMGs from the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius (GAS), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus maximus GM muscles were full wave rectified and integrated (iEMG) across different functional phases: pre-activation (PRE) (100 ms prior to contact), reflex induced activation phase (RIA) (from 20 ms to 100 ms after contact) and late EMG response phase (LER) (from 100 ms to the finish). Vertical peak and vertical net impulses were calculated. Simultaneously, angular kinematic data on the ankle, knee and hip joints were calculated using a video analysis system (120 Hz). Joint net moments from the hip, knee and ankle were calculated using an inverse dynamics method. Student’s T-tests were used to analyze the effects of drop jump height. RESULTS: The stretching and shortening velocities increased in all muscles with an increase in DJ height. Nevertheless, no differences were found in vertical jumping performance between DJs executed from different heights. The subjects were able to reduce the increasing stretching load, producing higher vertical net impulses during the downward movement. The percentage of total length changes of GAS, RF, VM and SOL increased with stretching load, average values increasing from 4.7% at DJ25 to 7.8% at DJ70; these values are inside the short range elastic stiffness. The iEMG of the RIA phase increased slightly with the increase of dropping height for VM, RF, GAS, SOL. For these muscles, the RIA phase presented higher iEMG values when compared with LER. For the four jumping heights, the peak values of hip, knee and ankle joint moments were similar. Nevertheless, a different joint moment/time curve pattern was obtained. On DJ70, the peak values of joint moments of the three joints were obtained earlier, coinciding with the stretching phase of the muscles studied. For DJ70, a decline in the value of the moments of force on the three joints was observed during the ascending phase. CONCLUSION: The athletes studied were able to resist increasing stretching speeds and forces during the braking phase. This ability was related to the increased capability of maintaining high levels of stretch reflex during the RIA phase, revealing the importance of the stretch reflex effect on increasing muscle stiffness

Multi-user synchronisation in ad-hoc OFDM-based wireless personal area networks

In this paper, a procedure for dealing with the multi-user synchronisation problem in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based systems for ad hoc environments is proposed and analysed. We show with this novel approach that it is possible to re-use much of the already extent literature for single-user synchronisation in OFDM and apply it to multi-user ad hoc scenarios. Also a distributed version of the procedure is proposed in order to fairly share out the power consumption among all the devices. The proposed procedure makes use of higher layer capabilities in a cross-layer design and it does not incur too much complexity or power. This issue is specially critical in wireless heterogeneous ad hoc networks where devices can be very limited in terms of transmission and/or computational power.Publicad

A KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ROWING PERFORMANCE DURING A 2000M ERGOMETER TEST

The aim of this study was to investigate how force, velocity and power change during a maximum 2000m-rowing test, and to examine the relationship between 2-D joint kinematics and performance. Ten male rowers performed a 2000m test, which was analysed in five periods, considering also the mean final results. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that force, velocity and power changed significantly along the 2000m test. Hip, and elbow joint kinematic parameters remained unchanged throughout the test but knee’s angular displacement and angular position at the catch, changed significantly during the 2000m test. A stepwise multiple regression analysis evidenced that the knee angular position at the catch is in relationship with time to finish the 2000m rowing and remained the single predictor of performance

Effects of channel estimation on multiuser virtual MIMO-OFDMA relay-based networks

A practical multiuser cooperative transmission scheme denoted as Virtual Maximum Ratio Transmission (VMRT) for multiple-input multiple-output-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MIMO-OFDMA) relay-based networks is proposed and evaluated in the presence of a realistic channel estimation algorithm and using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. It is shown that this scheme is robust against channel estimation errors. It offers diversity and array gain, keeping the complexity low with a multiuser and multiantenna channel estimation algorithm that is simple and efficient. In addition, the combination with LDPC codes provides improved gains; diversity gains larger than 6 dB can be easily obtained with a reduced number of relays. Thus, this scheme can be used to extend coverage or increase system throughput by using simple cooperative OFDMA-based relays.The authors would like to thank Jae-Yun Ko for his valuable help at the beginning of our work. This work has been partly funded by the projects MULTIADAPTIVE (TEC2008-06327- C03-02), COMONSENS (CSD2008-00010) and CODIV (ICT-2007-215477).Publicad

Test-retest reliability of three-dimensional gait analysis in chronic low back pain individuals: a preliminary study

Trabalho apresentado no 1st Clinical Movement Analysis World Conference, 29 setembro a 4 outubro 2014, Roma, Itáli

Modelling, performance analysis and design of WPAN systems

This paper covers the main issues that must be solved in order to design and analyse the performance of Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) with the aid of simulation tools. We review state-of-the-art channel models to account for small- and large-scale propagation conditions in waveform- and system-level simulations. When dealing with waveform simulations, we also look at Montecarlo and importance sampling techniques that allow efficient estimation of error probabilities. Additionally, discrete channel models are introduced to efficiently link both waveform- and system-level approaches and we point out some methods to obtain the model parameters that are suitable for the wireless environment. The discussion of these techniques is complemented with two application examples that show the use of the different simulation levels for system design and performance study. With the paradigm of Bluetooth piconets we illustrate the usefulness of discrete channel models and we consider the design of an OFDM-based WPAN system to exemplify simulation from a waveform-level point of view.This work has been partially funded by European Commission (IST-2001–34157), Spanish Government (TIC2002–03498) and Madrid Community (UC3M-TEC-05–027).Publicad

Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional gait analysis in chronic low back pain patients and healthy individuals

Trabalho apresentado no IFOMPT 2016 - World Congress of Manual and Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, 4-8 julho de 2016, Glasgow, Escóciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Altered three-dimensional trunk and hip kinetics and loss of variability during gait in chronic low back pain individuals

Trabalho apresentado em 10th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic Girdle Pain, 28-31 de outubro 2019, Antuérpia, BélgicaN/