Effective Complexity and its Relation to Logical Depth

Effective complexity measures the information content of the regularities of an object. It has been introduced by M. Gell-Mann and S. Lloyd to avoid some of the disadvantages of Kolmogorov complexity, also known as algorithmic information content. In this paper, we give a precise formal definition of effective complexity and rigorous proofs of its basic properties. In particular, we show that incompressible binary strings are effectively simple, and we prove the existence of strings that have effective complexity close to their lengths. Furthermore, we show that effective complexity is related to Bennett's logical depth: If the effective complexity of a string $x$ exceeds a certain explicit threshold then that string must have astronomically large depth; otherwise, the depth can be arbitrarily small.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

The Appointment of the Inspector General for Data Protection Officer as a sign of corporate social responsibility

The reform of the EU’s personal data protection regulations introduces the institution of the Data Protection Officer, assigning it a key role in the new personal data protection system thereto. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC, builds the personal data protection model, wherein the main responsibility for adequate assessment of the risk associated with the processing of personal data and for the implementation of internal procedures to assure compliance of the referenced operations with the personal data protection regulations rests with a database administrator. Simultaneously, a database administrator should be capable of proving that he/she has duly met the requirements under the regulations, thus following the crucial rule for the processing of personal data, i.e. data accountability. The EU regulations describe the means and mechanisms to be used by a data processor to a lesser extent than those in force hitherto, focusing more on ensuring the standard of the protection of individual rights through data controllers' ethical and responsible activities. The key part in the new personal data protection model will be played by the institution of the Data Protection Officer, intended to become a real guarantor of due observance of the personal data protection regulations. In this context, the appointment of the Data Protection Officer by database administrators, not bound to do so by law, should be judged a sign of the organization's corporate social responsibility for the impact of its decisions and activities on society through transparent and ethical conduct. It is therefore essential to emphasize the important function to be performed, the authority to be had, and the necessary preparatory action to be taken by the Data Protection Officer to that effect. The new regulations should be regarded as a chance to professionalize both the individuals, serving as information security officers and, in the near future, the data controllers, as well as the entire occupational group.The “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” is affiliated and co-financed by the Faculty of Economics and Sociology of the University of Lodz

Continuity of the maximum-entropy inference: Convex geometry and numerical ranges approach

We study the continuity of an abstract generalization of the maximum-entropy inference - a maximizer. It is defined as a right-inverse of a linear map restricted to a convex body which uniquely maximizes on each fiber of the linear map a continuous function on the convex body. Using convex geometry we prove, amongst others, the existence of discontinuities of the maximizer at limits of extremal points not being extremal points themselves and apply the result to quantum correlations. Further, we use numerical range methods in the case of quantum inference which refers to two observables. One result is a complete characterization of points of discontinuity for $3\times 3$ matrices.Comment: 27 page

Prawo do świadczeń społecznych w encyklice Laborem exercens Jana Pawła II

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publikacja dofinansowana przez Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskieg

Prowincjonalizowanie feminizmu w polskich badaniach literackich

The author of the text analyzes the strategies of provincializing the Polish feminism and gender studies. Starting points for interpretations in the article are Dipesh Chakrabarty’s book – Provincializing Europe. Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference and feminist publications about modernity, nationalism, capitalism in Poland. In the article the category of a province is considered as an emblem existing in a new regionalism’s discourse. The author claims that the history of the category of a province is entangled in the ambiguities which are related to the glocal understanding of a region; she also reflects on the relations between feminism, regionalism and local experiences of a global reality.The author of the text analyzes the strategies of provincializing the Polish feminism and gender studies. Starting points for interpretations in the article are Dipesh Chakrabarty’s book – Provincializing Europe. Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference and feminist publications about modernity, nationalism, capitalism in Poland. In the article the category of a province is considered as an emblem existing in a new regionalism’s discourse. The author claims that the history of the category of a province is entangled in the ambiguities which are related to the glocal understanding of a region; she also reflects on the relations between feminism, regionalism and local experiences of a global reality

О некоторых лексических нововведениях в церковнославянских псалтырях русского извода

On some lexical innovations in Russian Church Slavonic Psalters The examples of lexical innovations in Russian Church Slavonic Psalters, which are presented above, show how much their translators respected older Church Slavonic vocabulary. They used a great deal of "new" East Bulgarian words which seemed to be closer to them than the West Bulgarian lexical elements. They also introduced into the Russian Church Slavonic psalters some vocabulary of the East Slavonic origin, but they were very moderate with the lexical changes for the simple reason that the Pslater had to be kept free of informal words.О некоторых лексических нововведениях в церковнославянских псалтырях русского извода В статье представлены примеры нововведений в лексическом материале церковнорусскух псалтырей 11-19 вв по отношению к старославянскому канону. Чужие Синайской псалмыри слова разделены на 3 группы: 1) слова общие для обеих Преславянской и Охридской переводческих школ, 2) типичные "преславизмы", 3) слова восточнославянского происхождения. Примеры показывают высокую степень подражания исследованных рукописей старому псалтырному тектсу пришедшему на Русь из Восточной Болгарии а также их Умеренную тенденцию к заменам старославянских слов родственными восточнославянскими