Parametric triggering of vortices in toroidally trapped rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

We study the creation of vortices by triggering the rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap with trap parameters such as laser beam waist and Gaussian potential depth. By numerically solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions, we observe a change in vortex structure and a considerable increase in the number of vortices when the waist of the irradiated laser beam is in consonance with the area of the condensate as we vary the Gaussian potential depth. By computing the root mean square radius of the condensate, we confirm the variation in the number of vortices generated as a function of the ratio between the root-mean-square radius of the condensate and the laser beam waist. In particular, the number of hidden vortices reaches the maximum value when the above ratio is close to the value 0.7. We find the variation in the number of vortices is rapid for deeper Gaussian potentials, and we conclude that the larger beam waist and deeper Gaussian potentials generate more vortices. Further, we calculate the number of vortices using the Feynman rule with Thomas Fermi approximation and compare them with the numerical results. We also observe that the critical rotation frequency decreases with an increase in depth of Gaussian potential.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Lawsonia Inermis.

The present study Liver disease are the biggest threat to the world which is characterised with impaired metabolic secretary function of liver clinically as jaundice, cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver cancer and ultimately liver failure. About 20,000 deaths founds every year due to liver disorders. A common chronic disease known as liver fibrosis may lead to end-stage cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatocellulor carcinoma is the one of the ten most common tumers in the world with over 2,50,000 new cases each year. In the treatment of liver diseases in modern medicine cartico steroids and immunosuppressants are commonly used to treat to liver disease in allopathic form of medicine. But these drugs are associated with adverse effects such as immunosuppression and bone marrow depression. Further, the success rate of treating liver diseases is disappointing. Attempts are being made globally to get scientific evidence for this traditionally reported herbal drugs. Lawsonia inermis L. belonging to the family of lythraceae. A shrub commonly known as mehendi and henna. Mainly the aim of the study was evaluate the hepatoprotective activity as evidence from the literature review. The lawsonia inermis is traditionally used in india for the treatment of jaundice, enlargement of liver and spleen. It has been reported to possesses the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Because the one of the major active component of the leaves of lawsonia inermis are flavanoids. The hepatoprotective activity of warm aqueous extract of leaves of lawsonia inermis has been reported. But detail study of hepatoprotectivity has not done. The present study has been undertaken with aim to determine the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of lawsinia inermis in animal model by estimating biochemical and histopathalogical parameters. CONCLUSION: The hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves was confirmed by the biochemical and histopathalogical studies. In biochemical studies serum marker enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin showed marked increase and decrease in the level of protein. The same is observed in liver disease in clinical practice and hence are having diagnostic importance in the assessment of liver function test. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves significantly reduced the elevated levels of above mensioned serum marker enzymes and increase in the level of protein. Hence at this point concluded the ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves posses hepatoprotective activity. In support to this study, histopathalogical results also show significant activity of the plant. In toxicant treated animals there will be severe disturbances in the cytoarchitecture of the liver. But in ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves treated group animals exhibited minimal hepatic dearrangrments and intact cytoarchitecture of the liver was maintained. In addition to this there is regeneration of hepatocytes also observed, which indicating hepatoprotective activity. Finally based on the improvement in serum marker enzyme level, and histopathalogical studies. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves posses hepatoprotective activity

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Clindamycin in comparision with Doxycycline in Acne Vulgaris

INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. It is a common skin disorder affecting both boys and girls in the adolescent age group and also extends into the post adolescent age group. Commonly it is due to formation of obstructing horny plugs in hair follicles, resulting in inflammation around the hair follicles, causing tissue destruction and scar formation. This problem is present universally and affects people of all socio economic groups. With the improvement in the living status, awareness about acne is more among the affected age group causing psychological problems too. From time immemorial, various remedies have been suggested and followed by Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani practitioners and native healers present in various parts of the world. The scientific evidence of improvement has not been documented yet. Modern medicine also prescribes various drugs, which have been found to be useful in controlling this disorder. All of them have been found to be useful to various extents. Topical drug therapy has been the mainstay and some drugs, for example, tetracycline is given orally. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. Efficay of oral clindamycin in comparison with doxycyclin in mild to modearte cases of acne vulgaris. 2. Safety of oral clindamycin in comparison with doxycyclin in mild to modearte cases of acne vulgaris. The objective of the study is not only to find out the efficacy of a low dose of 50 mg Clindamycin given orally, but also to find out if this efficacy is obtained without producing the adverse effects for which the administration of Clindamycin is hesitated. The worst complication is pseudomembranous entero colitis. Clindamycin produces very good effect in acne vulgaris and this is discussed later. These effects are produced without significant adverse effects. In few cases reported as Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea were clinically insignificant and they were self limiting. The patients revealed the occurrence of such effects only after questioning them specifically for such an effect. If Diarrhoea, Abdominal pain had been severe they would have definitely reported to the investigator but no one reported. And all of them continued to take the drug without stopping. Here also it should be noted that if Nausea and Vomiting had been due to Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, the condition would have worsened with continuous intake. But the symptoms were self limiting. Only three cases of Dysentry were prescribed tablet Metronidazole by their own doctor. on analyzing the efficacy of oral Clindamycin, a low dose that is 50 mg administered daily for four weeks has definitely produced better results than Doxycycline administered as a single daily dose for 4 weeks. There is significant reduction in the number of Comedons and papules in mild cases of acne vulgaris who have received only oral Clindamycin when compared to other group who have received only oral Doxycycline. This is evident both in the clinical data which has been presented under the results column and also has been found to be statistically significant. In moderate cases, also the significant improvement is seen in the group which is treated with oral Clindamycin. This is reflected as reduction in the number of Comedons, papules and pustules in the Clindamycin treated group, when compared to the other group which is Doxycycline treated control group. The role of Propionibacterium acne in pathogenesis of acne has already been discussed. The anti microbials, Cap.Doxycycline and Cap.Clindamycin act in acne vulgaris by their effect on the Propionibacterium acne. These antibiotics decrease the population of Propionibacterium acne which in turn leads to the inhibition of the bacterial lipases and this is followed by a decrease in concentration of free fatty acids .This produces less tissue inflammation and acne. Since topically applied drugs are widely used in therapy of acne, in the trial groups in which the oral drug therapy was combined with topical Benzoyl peroxide and the outcome was analyzed. Greater efficacy was obtained when oral Clindamycin was combined with topical Benzoyl peroxide. Doxycycline when used alone or in combination with Benzoyl peroxide has retained its efficacy, and the efficacy is greater when combined with topical Benzoyl peroxide. Clindamycin either alone or in combination with topical Benzoyl peroxide 5% cream shows greater efficacy than Doxycycline either alone or in combination with topical Benzoyl peroxide 5% cream. The reason for lesser efficacy of Doxycycline could be due to development of resistance by Propionibacterium acne in some of the patients included in this trial. The literature tells that there is increase in the resistance of Propionibacterium acne to antibiotics worldwide. Clindamycin, though an anti microbial, shows greater efficacy in this study. This could be because Clindamycin oral therapy has not been used so far for acne vulgaris and probably the bacteria have not developed resistance. The better results obtained in a group which has been treated with topical Benzoyl peroxide group could be definitely due to its anti bacterial action and direct anti inflammatory action. CONCLUSION: The study has proved that a low dose of 50 mg of oral Clindamycin administered once a day for four weeks produces good results in acne vulgaris. The good results are obtained without unwanted adverse reactions. For many infections 150 to 300 mg are given 3 – 4 times a day produces many adverse effects. In this trial the low dose of 50 mg used is not only highly effective, but also has not produced any significant adverse reactions. So far, the Clindamycin has only been used topically for acne vulgaris. This study encourages the use of low dose oral Clindamycin in acne vulgaris. Future trials using Clindamycin in combination with the other topical agents like Tretinoin and Adapalene which have different mechanism of actions can be tried. Tretinoin reverses abnormal keratinizing changes in acne vulgaris. Adapalene has got comedolytic property. This trial has been conducted as single centre trial and similar trials will promote wider use of oral Clindamycin in acne vulgaris. This study proves the safety and efficacy of low dose of oral Clindamycin in acne vulgaris, and such low doses can also be tried for other infections where the causative organism responds to Clindamycin

Pharmacokinetic study of rational regimen of oral clindamycin in comparison with doxycycline in mild cases of acne vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. It is a common skin disorder affecting both boys and girls in the adolescent age group and also extends into the post adolescent age group. From time immemorial, various remedies have been suggested and followed by Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani practitioners and native healers present in various parts of the world. In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficacy of a low dose oral Clindamycin in Acne vulgaris and the results of the study have been presented in ensuing chapters.Methods: The Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Single blind study was conducted in Out Patient Section, Department of Dermatology, tertiary care teaching hospital September 2016 to May 2017 for Total six weeks. Drug administration - four weeks. Follow up - two weeks mostly drug used Capsule Clindamycin 50mg. Capsule Doxycycline 100 mg. Benzoyl Peroxide 5% topical cream.Results: The objective of the study is not only to find out the efficacy of a low dose of 50 mg Clindamycin given orally, but also to find out if this efficacy is obtained without producing the adverse effects for which the administration of Clindamycin is hesitated the ant-microbial, Cap. Doxycycline and Cap. Clindamycin act in acne vulgaris by their effect on the Propionibacterium acne. These antibiotics decrease the population of Propionibacterium acne which in turn leads to the inhibition of the bacterial lipases and this is followed by a decrease in concentration of free fatty acids. This produces less tissue inflammation and acne.Conclusions: This study proves the safety and efficacy of low dose of oral Clindamycin in acne vulgaris, and such low doses can also be tried for other infections where the causative organism responds to Clindamycin.

Hot Corrosion of Weldments

Hot corrosion of the weldment is the result of the reaction between oxidation and sulfidation, which affects welded joints exposed to combustion gases containing sulfate coal ash at high temperature. It is also demonstrated that welding processes, weld consumables, temperature of exposure, and mixture of salt environment are important factors in hot corrosion of the weldment

Heat Transfer Analysis of Flat Plate Subjected to Multi-Jet Air Impingement using Principal Component Analysis and Computational Technique

The aim of this work is to investigate experimentally the variation in temperature, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of a hot plate subjected to multi-jet air impingement cooling to use the multi-objective optimization technique to arrive at optimum conditions. A flat plate of 15 cm x 10 cm is heated through a heating foil with a constant heat flux of 7667 W/m2. Air jets with and without swirling action are considered, fixing the distance of target surface from nozzle exit at 2D, 4D and 6D. Reynolds numbers 18000, 20000and 22000 and pipe diameters 8mm, 10mm and 12 mm have been considered for investigation. Experiments are designed and analyzed using Taguchi’s technique, coupled with principal component analysis for multi-variate optimization by calculating multi-response performance index (MRPI). Based on the observations made, it is concluded that lower H/D ratio and higher Reynolds number result in higher heat transfer coefficient, in accordance with the first principles. Heat transfer coefficient obtained for jets with swirl is compared with that of jet without swirling for the same Reynolds number and H/D ratio. Furthermore, it is concluded that introducing swirl results in increase of heat transfer coefficients for all the test conditions for 10mm and 12mm diameter jets. However for 8mm jet, introduction of swirl reduced the heat transfer rate for all the test conditions. From Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), it is found that significant contributions on outputs are due to the effect of H/D ratio and Reynolds number. Confirmation experiments with optimum condition result in improved heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Numerical simulation has also been performed with the optimum condition. It is observed that the simulation results are in consistence with the experimental results

Mechanical Characterization of Monel 400 and 316 Stainless Steel Weldments

AbstractDissimilar combinations of Monel 400 and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 is widely used in the petrochemical, nuclear industries where the weldments are usually subjected to hot corrosion. This paper deals with the assessment of metallurgical and mechanical properties of these bimetallic joints obtained by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process using ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal. A detailed structure- property relationship was made on these bimetallic joints using the combined techniques of optical microscopy, SEM/EDAX analysis

Empirical investigation to explore potential gains from the amalgamation of Phase Changing Materials (PCMs) and wood shavings

The reduction of gained heat, heat peak shifting and the mitigation of air temperature fluctuations are some desirable properties that are sought after in any thermal insulation system. It cannot be overstated that these factors, in addition to others, govern the performance of such systems thus their effect on indoor ambient conditions. The effect of such systems extends also to Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems that are set up to operate optimally in certain conditions. Where literature shows that PCMs and natural materials such as wood-shavings can provide efficient passive insulation for buildings, it is evident that such approaches utilise methods that are of a degree of intricacy which requires specialist knowledge and complex techniques, such as micro-encapsulation for instance. With technical and economic aspects in mind, an amalgam of PCM and wood-shavings has been created for the purpose of being utilised as a feasible thermal insulation. The amalgamation was performed in the simplest of methods, through submerging the wood shavings in PCM. An experimental procedure was devised to test the thermal performance of the amalgam and compare this to the performance of the same un-amalgamated materials. Comparative analysis revealed that no significant thermal gains would be expected from such amalgamation. However, significant reduction in the total weight of the insulation system would be achieved that, in this case, shown to be up to 20.94%. Thus, further reducing possible strains on structural elements due to the application of insulation on buildings. This can be especially beneficial in vernacular architectural approaches where considerably large amounts and thicknesses of insulations are used. In addition, cost reduction could be attained as wood shavings are significantly cheaper compared to the cost of PCMs

Microstructural and mechanical characterisation of laser-welded high-carbon and stainless steel

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7111-5Laser welding is becoming an important joining technique for welding of stainless steel to carbon steel and is extensively used across various sectors, including aerospace, transportation, power plants, electronics and other industries. However, welding of stainless steel to high-carbon steel is still at its early stage, predominantly due to the formation of hard brittle phases, which undermine the mechanical strength of the joint. This study reports a scientific investigation on controlling the brittle phase formation during laser dissimilar welding of high-carbon steel to stainless steel. Attempts have been made to tailor the microstructure and phase composition of the fusion zone through influencing the alloying composition and the cooling rate. Results show that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) within the high-carbon steel has significantly higher hardness than the weld area, which severely undermines the weld quality. To reduce the hardness of the HAZ, a new heat treatment strategy was proposed and evaluated using a finite element analysis-based numerical simulation model. A series of experiments has been performed to verify the developed thermo-metallurgical finite element analysis (FEA) model, and a qualitative agreement of predicted martensitic phase distribution is shown to exist