ANALISIS PANEL VAR: TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, TINGKAT KESEHATAN, DAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA

By utilizing Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model, this study aims to identify the reciprocal effect of the level of education, health, and income inequality in Indonesia. Data of 33 provinces from 2009-2013 specifically means of school years for education level, life expectancy for health level, and gini ratio for the income inequality are explored. Furthermore, Granger Causality Test is employed to test the causality of the variables. The results showed that the levels of education, health, and income inequality in Indonesia shared mutual relationship by applying one lag as the best PVAR model in this study.          

REVOCATION OF REGIONAL REGULATIONS AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA: PROVINCIAL PANEL DATA 2002-2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of regional regulation on economic performance in Indonesia. This study uses a panel data set of 31 Provinces in Indonesia during the period of 2002 to 2009 and applies fixed effect method for its estimation. In order to provide better explanation, this study also utilize three proxies of regional regulation variables, namely the number of regional regulations, the number of revoked regional regulations, and ratio of the revoked regional regulations to the existing regional regulations.The result of this study shows that regional regulation negatively affects economic performance. However, the coefficient of regional regulation is insignificant. In general, it can be concluded that there is not enough evidence to claim that regional regulation affect economic performance. Still, by classifying regions into two groups, rich and poor regions, the significant effect of regional regulation on economic development varies

Deficit of Health Social Security Fund in National Health Insurance Program: A Case Study of BPJS Kesehatan

BPJS Kesehatan was established to implement national health insurance (JKN). As mandated by PP No. 87/2013, BPJS Kesehatan manages two types of assets carried out separately, namely BPJS Kesehatan and DJSK Assets with the latest poses a more problematic deficit in its financial performance. Thus, the research focuses on the deficit occurred in the DJSK. The method utilized in this study is qualitative case study by interviewing several parties related with the funding of JKN program then processing the data using five-stage data coding. The contribution of this study is the deepening of the factors and solutions to reduce the fiscal burden. The results indicate that the factors causing the deficit include inappropriate structure of contribution-benefit scheme, adverse selection, and insurance effect. Whereas the solutions offered are to raise the contribution premium, adjust the upper limit of the insurance contribution, implement cost sharing, improve the referral system, and implement earmarking for cigarette tax

Macroeconomic Policy Responses to COVID-19: A Case of Indonesia

The health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 virus has spread to a multidimensional crisis and has a domino effect on the socio-economic and financial sectors. The economic crisis as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has become increasingly severe because it was accompanied by lockdown and physical distancing policies which resulted in decreasing productivity in the economy. The purpose of this research is to describe the structured efforts taken by the Government of Indonesia in dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The policy combination adopted by the Government of Indonesia is in the form of policies to issue a series of regulations providing legal certainty and flexibility while still highlighting the accountability. Refocusing and budget reallocation are also taken by the government to provide more flexible space for Ministries/Institutions to contribute to managing the impact of COVID-19. Another policy is the issuance of three stimulus packages and the launch of the National Economic Recovery Program (PEN)

Macroeconomic Policy Responses to COVID-19: A Case of Indonesia

The health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 virus has spread to a multidimensional crisis and has a domino effect on the socio-economic and financial sectors. The economic crisis as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has become increasingly severe because it was accompanied by lockdown and physical distancing policies which resulted in decreasing productivity in the economy. The purpose of this research is to describe the structured efforts taken by the Government of Indonesia in dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The policy combination adopted by the Government of Indonesia is in the form of policies to issue a series of regulations providing legal certainty and flexibility while still highlighting the accountability. Refocusing and budget reallocation are also taken by the government to provide more flexible space for Ministries/Institutions to contribute to managing the impact of COVID-19. Another policy is the issuance of three stimulus packages and the launch of the National Economic Recovery Program (PEN)

THE ROLE OF VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDes) TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

Government intervention for village development is carried out with various policies. The establishment of BUMDes is one of the government's efforts to accelerate rural development, advance the local economy, and develop the village partnerships and/or third party’s partnerships. This study exploits comparative institutional analysis framework to examine further how institutional aspects can affect the application of BUMDes in the rural development. The institutional aspects of BUMDes utilization for rural development is worth emphasizing since it will be employed as a foundation between the actors in a specific social area (structure) in its various forms such as rules, norms, or a certain routine, and the institution as a form of authority for the social behavior of the village organization. Furthermore, the successful implementation of BUMDes in the rural development is also affected by how stakeholder system can manage the institutional aspects. The result of this study, from the standpoint of comparative institutional analysis, underlines: (1) the limited authority of the Ministry of Villages, Underdeveloped Regions and Transmigration for rural development suggests that this Ministry must establish a specific institutional arrangement with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises as well as banking institutions; (2) The village government has not fully taken advantage of the flexibility of its institutional arrangement to use BUMDes as a source of rural development; and (3) there is considerable scope to increase the role of BUMDes. This paper will propose some practical advices while considering the existing institutional arrangement

EVALUASI APLIKASI ST/SKI DI BPKP DKI JAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN HOT-FIT MODEL

Untuk memudahkan penyusunan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) dan proses input dokumen-dokumen yang menjadi dasar penilaian atas kinerja individu pegawai, serta dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja organisasi melalui peningkatan prestasi kerja, BPKP sejak 2014 mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi Surat Tugas/Sasaran Kinerja Individu (ST/SKI) untuk memudahkan pegawai di lingkungan instansi BPKP. Akan tetapi, aplikasi tersebut hanya digunakan oleh kurang lebih 50% kantor perwakilan BPKP di Provinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana BPKP Perwakilan mengimplementasikan aplikasi ST/SKI dan kendala yang dihadapi menggunakan framework HOT-Fit model. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus diterapkan pada penelitian ini. Kantor Perwakilan BPKP DKI Jakarta dipilih sebagai obyek penelitian pada penelitian ini karena merupakan salah satu pionir penerapan aplikasi tersebut. Terkait dengan hasil penelitian pada elemen manusia dan teknologi, dapat disimpulkan aplikasi ini fungsional, jarang mengalami gangguan dan mudah digunakan oleh semua pegawai. Hanya saja aplikasi ini tidak terintegrasi dengan aplikasi lain di BPKP. Sedangkan pada elemen organisasi, pimpinan baik di level pusat maupun perwakilan memberikan perhatian dan kepedulian terkait implementasi aplikasi ini. Penerapan aplikasi ST/SKI pada BPKP Perwakilan DKI Jakarta secara umum sesuai dengan framework HOT-Fit Model dengan beberapa kekurangan. Kekurangan tersebut terkait dengan akomodasi kepentingan organisasi yang salah satunya dikarenakan belum adanya peraturan yang mengikat

The Impact of Regional FTA on Export of Manufactured Goods: The Implementation of Gravity Model in Indonesia

Indonesian exports have not shown their best performance since Indonesian exports are still based on raw commodities, not manufactured commodities, causing Indonesia to experience a negative trade balance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the six regional FTAs applied in Indonesia and related trade factors on Indonesian exports of manufactured goods with 40 partner countries using gravity model during 2002-2019 as a means of evaluation. The result indicates that the regional FTA has positive impact on Indonesian exports of manufactured goods. It also indicates that the regional FTA only causes trade creation effect. Furthermore, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of two countries, economic distance, trade openness and the effective real exchange rate of partner countries significantly affect Indonesian exports of manufactured goods. Thus, it can be concluded that regional FTAs in both countries along with economic growth of Indonesia and partner countries, economic distance, trade openness and real effective exchange rate of partner countries are advantageous for Indonesian trade policy to increase the exports of manufactured goods

The Impact of Fiscal Stimulus on Agriculture Sector in Bali: Interregional Input-Output Analysis

This study aims to estimate the economic impact of 2021 fiscal stimulus on agriculture, forestry and fishing sector in Bali at national and regional levels. This study utilizes secondary data from Bali Province Regional Fiscal Review year 2021 from Regional Office of Directorate General of State Treasury of Bali Province and statistical data from the Central Statistics Agency. The interregional input-output (IRIO) model is employed to determine the value of the economic impact on 17 business sectors in 34 provinces in Indonesia. This study found that the fiscal stimulus on the agriculture sector has a positive impact on Bali economy resulting in two and a half times greater than the direct impact. Furthermore, the sector with the largest total impact was the construction sector, mining and quarrying sector and agriculture, forestry and fishing sector in Bali. In addition, the fiscal stimuli on the agriculture sector resulted in a significant economic growth impact not only in Bali as the region receiving the stimuli, but also in the neighboring regions. The implications of this research are related to stimulus allocation on the certain sector when the negative shocks occurred such as covid-19 pandemic, which can be used as input for evaluating government spending policies. In general, it can be concluded that the Government of Indonesia was successful in carrying out fiscal stimuli since they produced an economic impact greater than the allocated incentives.Akibat pandemi Covid-19, Bali mengalami dampak ekonomi paling negatif, yang mendorong pemerintah untuk memberikan insentif fiskal kepada sektor yang lebih tangguh dan potensial, yaitu pertanian. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak ekonomi stimulus fiskal pada sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan di Bali tahun 2021 di tingkat nasional dan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Kajian Fiskal Regional Provinsi Bali tahun 2021 dari Kanwil Ditjen Perbendaharaan Negara Provinsi Bali dan data statistik dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Model IRIO dimanfaatkan untuk menentukan nilai dampak ekonomi terhadap 17 sektor usaha di 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa stimulus fiskal pada sektor pertanian berdampak positif terhadap perekonomian Bali dengan dampak dua setengah kali lebih besar dibandingkan dampak langsungnya. Selanjutnya, sektor dengan total dampak terbesar adalah sektor konstruksi, sektor pertambangan dan penggalian dan sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan di Bali. Selain itu, stimulus fiskal pada sektor pertanian memberikan dampak pertumbuhan ekonomi yang signifikan tidak hanya di Bali sebagai daerah penerima stimulus, tetapi juga di daerah lainnya. Implikasi penelitian ini terkait dengan alokasi stimulus pada sektor tertentu saat terjadi shock negatif seperti pandemi covid-19, yang dapat dijadikan masukan untuk evaluasi kebijakan belanja pemerintah. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia berhasil melakukan stimulus fiskal karena memberikan dampak ekonomi yang lebih besar dari insentif yang dialokasikan. Kata Kunci: stimulus fiskal, dampak ekonomi, IRIO, sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikana