〈Articles〉On the Flexibility of Please

1. Introduction This paper is concerned with the sentence adverbial please (hereafter please), which is used when a speaker asks a hearer to do something, giving some flavor to the request intended by the speaker, as in Will you please open the door? ..

Changing Pattern of Deiminated Proteins in Developing Human Epidermis

Peptidylarginine deiminases are widely distributed, calcium-ion-dependent enzymes that convert arginine residues of proteins into citrulline residues. This reaction, deimination, is thought to be an important event during the final stage of epidermal differentiation, possibly associated with integration and disintegration of keratin filaments. To elucidate the possible roles of protein deimination during human epidermal development we investigated localization of deiminated proteins using anti-citrulline peptide antibody, which preferentially recognizes citrulline residues in the V subdomains of keratin 1, and anti-chemically modified citrulline antibody, which enables detection of citrulline residues independent of amino acid sequences. Anti-chemically modified citrulline antibody, but not anti-citrulline peptide antibody stained the periderm in two-layered epidermis of 49 d and 57 d estimated gestational age. In the stratified epidermis of 88 d, 96 d, and 108 d estimated gestational age fetal skin, anti-citrulline peptide antibody and anti-chemically modified citrulline antibody staining was seen in the periderm and intermediate cell layers. After periderm cells regressed and keratinization began in the interfollicular epidermis, anti-citrulline peptide antibody and anti-chemically modified citrulline antibody were restricted to the cornified cell layers of the interfollicular epidermis, similar to the distribution patterns of that in adult epidermis. Postembedding immunoelectron microscopy showed anti-citrulline peptide antibody immunogold labeling over the cytoplasmic intermediate filament network in the periderm and the intermediate cell layers. These results demonstrate an orderly formation of deiminated proteins in different layers of embryonic epidermis and suggest important roles for peptidylarginine deiminases in human epidermal morphogenesis

Development of a Nursing Care Guideline to Support Families Face on Organ Donation as the Choice of Their Child’s End-of-Life

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A novel GJB2 mutation p.Asn54His in a patient with palmoplantar keratoderma, sensorineural hearing loss and knuckle pads

Mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin26 are the major cause of autosomal-recessive or -dominant nonsyndromic congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (Kelsell et al., 1997; Kenneson et al., 2002; refer to the connexin-deafness homepage at http://davinci.crg.es/deafness/). In addition, connexin26 mutations have been identified in autosomal-dominant syndromic congenital SNHL with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) (Maestrini et al., 1999; Richard et al., 2002, 2004; Brown et al., 2003; van Steensel et al., 2004; Arita et al., 2006). We have encountered a Japanese boy with PPK, knuckle pads and congenital SNHL and GJB2 mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation p.Asn54His