Analisis Pengaruh Iklan, Kepercayaan Merek, dan Citra Merek terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen

Globalization era makes information and technologies increase very fastand can be known quickly. One of information technology is the Interconnected Network,or more popular as the Internet. Therefore, to satisfy consumers PT. Telkom issued aproduct called Speedy. Many factors influence customers before purchasing a productconsumers. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of advertising, brandtrust and brand image to the buying interest. Brand trust is the highest independentvariable that influences the dependent variable (buying interest) then advertising andlastly the brand image

Systematic analysis of different experimental approaches to measure electronic stopping of very slow hydrogen ions

The electronic stopping cross section (SCS) of Ni for slow H+, H2 +, D+ and D2 + ions has been investigated for different types of targets in two complementary experimental geometries, i.e., in transmission and backscattering. To warrant sample purity, both a high purity nickel sheet and nanometer Ni layers were prepared in-situ under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. In an alternative approach, ultra-thin samples were prepared ex-situ as self-supporting foils and as nanometer films on a polished substrate (silicon). Identical SCS results are obtained in backscattering using the in-situ prepared film and the high purity sheet. The ex-situ prepared targets contained considerable concentrations of impurities of low atomic numbers, whose contribution to the SCS can be rectified by applying Bragg's rule using TRIM stopping for the impurities. In this way for the ex-situ targets the accuracy of the resulting SCS data is improved considerably. Concordant stopping cross section data are obtained in both geometries. The achieved accuracy does, however, not permit to spot a possible influence of different impact parameter regimes explored in transmission and in backscattering geometries.Fil: Roth, D.. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; AustriaFil: Celedon, C. E.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; Chile. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; Austria. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Goebl, D.. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; AustriaFil: Sánchez, Esteban Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Bruckner, B.. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; AustriaFil: Steinberger, R.. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; AustriaFil: Guimpel, Julio Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Arista, Nestor Ricardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo Histórico del Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Bauer, P.. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; Austri

Energy loss of H+ and H2+ beams in carbon nanotubes: a joint experimental and simulation study

Carbon nanotube properties can be modified by ion irradiation; therefore it is important to know the manner in which ions deposit energy (how much and where) in the nanotubes. In this work, we have studied, experimentally and with a simulation code, the irradiation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), supported on a holey amorphous carbon (a-C) substrate, with low energy (2–10 keV/u) H+ and H2+ molecular beams, impinging perpendicularly to the MWCNT axis. The energy distribution of protons traversing the nanotubes (either from the H+ beam or dissociated from the H2+ beam) was measured by the transmission technique in the forward direction. Two well-differentiated peaks appear in the experimental energy-loss distribution of the fragments dissociated from the molecular H2+ beam, in correspondence to the ones detected with the proton beam. One is the low-energy loss peak (LELP), which has a symmetric width; the other is the high-energy loss peak (HELP), which shows an asymmetric broadening towards larger energy loss than the corresponding proton energy distribution. A semi-classical simulation, accounting for the main interaction processes (both elastic and inelastic), of the proton trajectories through the nanotube and the supporting substrate has been done, in order to elucidate the origin of these structures in the energy spectra. Regarding the H+ energy spectrum, the LELP corresponds to projectiles that travel in quasi-channelling motion through the most outer walls of the nanotubes and then pass through the substrate holes, whereas the HELP results mostly from projectiles traversing only the a-C substrate, with the asymmetry broadening being due to a minor contribution of those protons that cross the a-C substrate after exiting the nanotube. The broadening of the peaks corresponding to dissociated fragments, with respect to that of the isolated protons, is the result of vicinage effects between the fragments, when travelling in quasi-channelling conditions through the outer layers of the nanotube, and Coulomb explosion just after exiting the target. The excellent agreement between the measured and the simulated energy spectra of the H+ beam validates our simulation code in order to predict the energy deposited by ion beams in carbon nanotubes.This work has been financially supported by Fondecyt 1100759, Fondecyt 1121203 and USM-DGIP 11.11.11, Anillo ACT1108, Proyecto Basal FB0821 - CONICYT, the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Regional Development Fund (Projects FIS2014-58849-P and PGC2018-096788-B-I00), and Fundación Séneca (Project No. 19907/GERM/15)

Isolation of a New Mexican Strain of Bacillus subtilis with Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

Although several strains of B. subtilis with antifungal activity have been isolated worldwide, to date there are no published reports regarding the isolation of a native B. subtilis strain from strawberry plants in Mexico. A native bacterium (Bacillus subtilis 21) demonstrated in vitro antagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, it was shown that plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium verticillioides and treated with B. subtilis 21 produced augment in the number of leaves per plant and an increment in the length of healthy leaves in comparison with untreated plants. In addition, B. subtilis 21 showed activity against pathogenic bacteria. Secreted proteins by B. subtilis 21 were studied, detecting the presence of proteases and bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances that could be implicated in its antagonistic activity. Chitinases and zwittermicin production could not be detected. Then, B. subtilis 21 could potentially be used to control phytopathogenic fungi that infect strawberry plants

Energy loss of protons and deuterons at low energies in Pd polycrystalline thin films

We have investigated experimentally and by computer simulations the energy loss  distributions of low energy (E <10 keV) protons and deuterons transmitted through  polycrystalline palladium thin flms. In contrast with previous experiments on various transition metals we find that the stopping power of Pd is proportional to the ion velocity. Data of protons and deuterons are coincident within the experimental uncertainties, showing the absence of an isotopic effect on the stopping power of Pd in this energy range. The experimental results were analyzed and compared with Monte Carlo computer simulations and previous theoretical models. The dference in the velocity dependence of the energy loss of hydrogen ions in Pd with respect to other transition metals (Cu, Ag and Au) is explained by a theoretical analysis based on the properties of the d-electron bands of those elements.Fil: Celedón, C.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Esteban Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Mario Sergio Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Arista, Nestor Ricardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche); Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Uribe, J. D.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Mery, M.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Valdés, J. E.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; ChileFil: Vargas, P.. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas; Chil

The role of E1-E2 interplay in multiphonon Coulomb excitation

In this work we study the problem of a charged particle, bound in a harmonic-oscillator potential, being excited by the Coulomb field from a fast charged projectile. Based on a classical solution to the problem and using the squeezed-state formalism we are able to treat exactly both dipole and quadrupole Coulomb field components. Addressing various transition amplitudes and processes of multiphonon excitation we study different aspects resulting from the interplay between E1 and E2 fields, ranging from classical dynamic polarization effects to questions of quantum interference. We compare exact calculations with approximate methods. Results of this work and the formalism we present can be useful in studies of nuclear reaction physics and in atomic stopping theory.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Linking Self-Incompatibility, Dichogamy, and Flowering Synchrony in Two Euphorbia Species: Alternative Mechanisms for Avoiding Self-Fertilization?

Background: Plant species have several mechanisms to avoid selfing such as dichogamy or a self-incompatibility response. Dichogamy in a single flower may reduce autogamy but, to avoid geitonogamy, plants must show flowering synchronization among all their flowers (i.e. synchronous dichogamy). It is hypothesized that one species would not simultaneously show synchronous dichogamy and self-incompatibility because they are redundant mechanisms to reduce selfing; however, this has not been accurately assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings: This expectation was tested over two years in two natural populations of the closely related Mediterranean spurges Euphorbia boetica and E. nicaeensis, which completely avoid autogamy by protogyny at the cyathia level. Both spurges showed a high population synchrony (Z,79), and their inflorescences flower synchronously. In E. nicaeensis, there was no overlap among the cyathia in anthesis of successive inflorescence levels and the overlap between sexual phases of cyathia of the same inflorescence level was uncommon (4–16%). In contrast, E. boetica showed a high overlap among consecutive inflorescence levels (74–93%) and between sexual phases of cyathia of the same inflorescence level (48–80%). The flowering pattern of both spurges was consistent in the two populations and over the two successive years. A hand-pollination experiment demonstrated that E. nicaeensis was strictly self-compatible whereas E. boetica was partially self-incompatible. Conclusions/Significance: We propose that the complex pattern of synchronized protogyny in E. nicaeensis prevents geitonogamous crosses and, consequently, avoids selfing and inbreeding depression. In E. boetica, a high probability of geitonogamous crosses may occur but, alternatively, this plant escapes selfing through a self-incompatibility response. We posit that synchronous dichogamy and physiological self-incompatibility do not co-occur in the same species because each process is sufficiently effective in avoiding self-fertilization.España Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología PLO CGL2005-03731; CGL2008-02533-EEspaña Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología MA CGL2009-0825

Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: a scoping review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rotavirus affects 95% of children worldwide by age 5 years and is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea. The objective of this review was to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in the Western European pediatric population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A comprehensive literature search (1999-2010) was conducted in PubMed and other sources (CDC; WHO, others). Data on the epidemiology and burden of RVGE among children < 5 years-old in Western Europe --including hospital-acquired disease--were extracted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>76 studies from 16 countries were identified. The mean percentage of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases caused by rotavirus ranged from 25.3%-63.5% in children < 5 years of age, peaking during winter. Incidence rates of RVGE ranged from 1.33-4.96 cases/100 person- years. Hospitalization rates for RVGE ranged from 7% to 81% among infected children, depending on the country. Nosocomial RVGE accounted for 47%-69% of all hospital-acquired AGE and prolonged hospital stays by 4-12 days. Each year, RVGE incurred $0.54-$53.6 million in direct medical costs and $1.7-$22.4 million in indirect costs in the 16 countries studied. Full serotyping data was available for 8 countries. G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], and G3P[8] were the most prevalent serotypes (cumulative frequency: 57.2%- 98.7%). Serotype distribution in nosocomial RVGE was similar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms that RVGE is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and costs across Western Europe. A vaccine protecting against multiple serotypes may decrease the epidemiological and cost burden of RVGE in Western Europe.</p