Analisis Pengelolaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa di Desa Sungai Ruan Ilir Kecamatan Maro Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari Tahun 2020-2022

 AbstrakPengelolaan APBDes, faktor Pengelolaan APBDes, serta upaya dalam masalah yang pada Pengelolaan APBDes di Desa Sungai Ruan Ilir Kecamatan Maro Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari. Jenis penelitian; Deskriptif kualitatif, hasil penelitian; instrumen wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Sungai Ruan Ilir Kecamatan Maro Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi. Objek penelitian; Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa (APBDes). Sumber penelitian; Primer, sekunder, dan informan penelitian. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data; observasi langsung ke lapangan, melakukan wawancara, dokumentasi setiap kegiatan. Data dianalisis; Mengumpulkan data, merangkum data (Reduksi), lalu menyajikan data agar mudah dipahami, menarik sebuah.Pengelolaan ABD di Desa Sungai Ruan Ilir Kecamatan Maro Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari telah diterapkan sesuai dengan mekanisme pengelolaan anggaran, dari tahap persiapan, tahap pengkajian, Tahap perencanaan alternatif kegiatan (planning), Tahap formulasi rencana aksi (formulation action plan), Tahap implementasi kegiatan (implementation), Tahap evaluasi (evaluation) dan Tahap terminasi (termination). Faktor-faktor yang menghambat Pengelolaan APBDes di Desa tersebut; sulitnya menyatukan Persepsi Terkait Penggunaan Anggaran dan Sistem Pelaporan dan Mekanisme Pencairan dipengaruhi dari kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia. Upaya Pengelolaan APBDes; Menyatukan Persepsi Terkait Penggunaan Anggaran dan Sistem Pelaporan dan Mekanisme Pencairan.Dengan demikian terselesaikanlah faktor penghambat Pengelolaan APBDes di Desa Sungai Ruan Ilir Kecamatan Maro Sebo Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari.Kata Kunci: APBDes, Anggaran, Desa

Analisis Timbulan Sampah dan Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Berbasis Eco Enzyme Pada Kawasan Wisata Kuliner Air Salobar, Kota Ambon

Keberadaan sampah di kawasan wisata bukan hanya berdampak negatif secara lokal namun juga global. Proses penguraian sampah organik menghasilkan gas rumah kaca, sedangkan sampah anorganik plastik yang sulit terurai menyebabkan pencemar mikroplastik semakin tinggi di lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis timbulan sampah serta memanfaatkan sampah organik yang dihasilkan pada kawasan Wisata Kuliner Air Salobar menjadi eco enzyme. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2023 di kawasan Wisata Kuliner Air Salobar, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Kota Ambon. Pengambilan dan analisa data sampah anorganik mengacu pada SNI 19-3964-1994. Klasifikasi sampah anorganik didasarkan pada klasifikasi sampah laut menurut UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). Pengambilan sampah organik dan pengolahannya menjadi eco enzyme menggunakan metode observasi. Data yang dihasilkan kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram dan gambar untuk dibahas lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian membuktikan berat sampah keseluruhan yang dihasilkan pada kawasan wisata ini sebesar 215,91 kg yang terdiri dari 213,37 kg sampah organik dan 2,54 kg untuk sampah anorganik. Berat timbulan sampah baik sampah organik maupun anorganik yang dihasilkan selama 10 hari pengamatan sebesar 0,22 kg/orang/hari dengan volume timbulan sampah sebesar 0,84 ltr/orang/hari. Potensi daur ulang sampah anorganik sebesar 99% dari total berat sampah anorganik yang dihasilkan. Potensi daur ulang sampah organik menjadi eco enzyme sebesar 73,16 kg atau 80% dari berat sampah organik kulit buah yang dihasilkan. Larutan eco enzyme yang diperoleh setelah fermentasi selama 3 bulan sebesar 6,2 ltr. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa timbulan sampah pada kawasan Wisata Kuliner Air Salobar dapat didaur ulang yang bermanfaat secara ekologi maupun ekonomi. &nbsp

Tempol improves optic nerve histopathology and ultrastructures in cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy in rats by targeting oxidative stress—Endoplasmic reticulum stress—Autophagy signaling pathways

IntroductionOptic neuropathy is an affection of the optic neurons, which ends with blindness and occurs either primarily due to direct affection of the optic nerve or secondarily as a complication of chronic diseases and/or adverse effects of their therapy. The search for novel therapeutic tools is crucial in addressing the limited therapeutic approaches for optic neuropathy. Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of tempol against cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy and its underlying mechanism.MethodsForty-eight adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups—control, tempol (TEM), cisplatin (CIS), and tempol and cisplatin combined (TEM+CIS). Optic nerve oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GPx), gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ATF-6, XBP-1, BIP, CHOP, and JNK), autophagy 6 (LC3, Beclin-1, and p62) markers, nerve growth factor-1, immunohistochemical expression of (LC3 and p62), histopathological, and electron microscopic examination were performed.ResultsHistopathological and ultrastructure examination validated that cisplatin caused optic neuropathy by inducing oxidative stress, upregulating ER stress markers, and downregulating autophagy markers, and NGF-1 expression. TEM + CIS showed improvement in optic nerve structure and ultrastructure along with oxidative stress, ER stress mRNA, autophagy (immunohistochemical proteins and mRNA) markers, and nerve growth factor mRNA expression.ConclusionsBased on previous findings, tempol represents a valid aid in cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy by implicating new molecular drug targets (ER stress and autophagy) for optic neuropathy therapy

Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in southern Africa has been characterised by three distinct waves. The first was associated with a mix of SARS-CoV-2 lineages, whilst the second and third waves were driven by the Beta and Delta variants, respectively1-3. In November 2021, genomic surveillance teams in South Africa and Botswana detected a new SARS-CoV-2 variant associated with a rapid resurgence of infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Within three days of the first genome being uploaded, it was designated a variant of concern (Omicron) by the World Health Organization and, within three weeks, had been identified in 87 countries. The Omicron variant is exceptional for carrying over 30 mutations in the spike glycoprotein, predicted to influence antibody neutralization and spike function4. Here, we describe the genomic profile and early transmission dynamics of Omicron, highlighting the rapid spread in regions with high levels of population immunity

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.

Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century