Finite Element Simulation of a Steady-State Stress Distribution in a Four Stroke Compressed Natural Gas-Direct Injection Engine Cylinder Head

The main aim of this work is to predict the design performance based on the stress/strain and thermal stress behaviour of cylinder head under various operating conditions. The effects of engine operating conditions such as combustion gas temperature and maximum internal pressure, components initial temperature and engine speed on the stress and thermal stress behaviour of the cylinder head have been analyzed. The analysis was carried out using a finite element analysis (FEA) software package, MSC.NASTRAN which is use to simulate and predict the von-Mises stress and strain pattern and thermal distribution of the cylinder head structure during the combustion process in the engine and the geometry modelling was carried out using a popular computeraided engineering tool, CATIA V5. The result can be used to determine the quality of the design as well as identify areas which require further improvement. In this investigation, structural analyses of the cylinder head highlight several areas of interest. The maximum stress is found not exceeding the material strength of cylinder head, and thus the basic design criteria, namely no yielding and no structural failure under firing load case, can be satisfied. In addition, the effect of thermal stress/strain provides a good indication on structural integrity and reliability of the cylinder head, which can be improved in the early stages of design. This steadystate finite element method (FEM) stress analysis can play a very effective role in the rapid prototyping of the cylinder head

An acceleration simulation method for power law priority traffic

A method for accelerated simulation for simulated self-similar processes is proposed. This technique simplifies the simulation model and improves the efficiency by using excess packets instead of packet-by-packet source traffic for a FIFO and non-FIFO buffer scheduler. In this research is focusing on developing an equivalent model of the conventional packet buffer that can produce an output analysis (which in this case will be the steady state probability) much faster. This acceleration simulation method is a further development of the Traffic Aggregation technique, which had previously been applied to FIFO buffers only and applies the Generalized Ballot Theorem to calculate the waiting time for the low priority traffic (combined with prior work on traffic aggregation). This hybrid method is shown to provide a significant reduction in the process time, while maintaining queuing behavior in the buffer that is highly accurate when compared to results from a conventional simulatio

Pengaruh Aplikasi Legin Dan Pupuk Kompos Terhadap Hasil Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Varietas Jerapah

Peningkatan produksi kacang tanah di Indonesia dapat dilakukan melalui intensifikasi menggunakan legin (Legume inoculant) dan pupuk kompos. Aplikasi legin dapat meningkatkan bintil akar yang berfungsi mengikat nitrogen dari atmosfer untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah. Kondisi tanah yang keras dapat menghambat pertumbuhan akar dan ginofor. Perbaikan tanah yang keras dapat dilakukan menggunakan pupuk kompos karena kompos dapat meningkatkan aktifitas organisme tanah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi legin pada lahan tanpa kompos dan diberi kompos dosis sedang dan tinggi terhadap hasil tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian desa Jatikerto, Malang bulan Desember 2013 sampai Febuari 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi legin 12 g/kg benih pada lahan tanpa kompos (K0L3) dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman kacang tanah sebesar 20,3%. Penambahan legin 8 g/kg benih pada lahan yang diberi kompos 2 ton/ha (K1L2) dan penambahan legin 12 g/kg benih pada lahan yang diberi kompos 4 ton/ha (K2L3) dapat memberikan hasil tanaman kacang tanah lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa legin masing-masing sebesar 16,5% dan 32,6%

Pengaruh Jumlah Pemberian Air Terhadap Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tembakau (Nicotiana Tabaccum L.

Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) mempunyai peran cukup besar dalam perekonomian nasional melalui cukai dan pajak, penyediaan lapangan kerja serta dampak ganda (multiplier effect) pengadaan dan perdagangan tembakau. Air adalah salah satu komponen fisik yang sangat penting dan diperlukan dalam jumlah banyak untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui perbandingan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tembakau dengan jumlah pemberian air yang berbeda dari total kebutuhan air normal tanaman tembakau, Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember s/d Maret 2012 di kebun percobaan Jati Kerto Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 5 perlakuan pemberian air dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan pemberian air terhadap tanaman tembakau, tanaman tembakau yang tumbuh pada kondisi pemberian air yang berlebih, rata – rata menghasilkan jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar daun dan bobot kering daun yang tinggi, Tanaman tembakau pada perlakuan P1 dan P2 menghasilkan jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar daun dan bobot kering daun yang relatif rendah, karena perlakuan ini air yang diberikan kurang dari kebutuhan air normal (100%)

On the integral solutions of the diophantine equation x4 + y4 = z3

This paper is concerned with the existence, types and the cardinality of the integral solutions for diophantine equation x4y4z3+ = where x , y and z are integers. The aim of this paper was to develop methods to be used in finding all solutions to this equation. Results of the study show the existence of infinitely many solutions to this type of diophantine equation in the ring of integers for both cases, x=y and x y. For the case when x=y, the form of solutions is given by (x,y,z)=(4n3,4n3,8n4), while for the case when x y, the form of solutions is given by (x,y,z)=(un3k-1,vn3k-1,n4k-1). The main result obtained is a formulation of a generalized method to find all the solutions for both types of diophantine equations

Risk Management Practices of Selected Islamic Banks in Malaysia

This study explores the risk management practices of major Islamic banks in Malaysia with the objective of having deeper understanding of the practices and identifying ways for further improvements. Various aspects of risk management practices are assessed through survey questionnaires, particularly those relevant and specific to the case of the Islamic banks. The study finds that the Islamic banks adopt good risk management practices with few areas of improvements include the use of computerised support systems and more sophisticated approaches to measure risks and the use of Shari\u27ah compliance techniques to mitigate risks. By assessing their current risk management practices, the study hopes to contribute in terms of recommending strategies to strengthen the risk management practices of the Islamic banks so as to increase the overall competitiveness in the Islamic banking industry

Supply chain integration in broiler contract farming and business performance: Knowledge based view perspective

This concept paper aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing practices within and between business partners as a framework for integration, and to examine the effect of these practices on business performance. Data will be collected from broiler contract industry in Malaysia.SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) will be used for data analysis. Three knowledge related constructs (internal knowledge integration, knowledge integration with growers, and knowledge integration with integrators) will be examined towards business performance.Further, these three variables collectively will explain relationship towards business performance.The relationships will be identified to support for the effectiveness of knowledge based collaboration. Managers can use this as a tool to conceptualize how their business can develop internal integration and collaborative relationships with their trading partners