Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of synthetic jet cooling: a review

Synthetic jet which is also known as pulsed jet is a mechanism that is applied in many industries, such as manufacturing, automotive, and electronics. It is used in the industries as a cooling device. There have been many products developed and experimental data gained in the previous decade from synthetic jet technology. Interestingly, the expansion in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation for synthetic jet analysis becomes important due to the technical advantages in reducing the analysis time and cost of the test rig. Therefore, this paper reviews the parameters in the CFD simulation which affects the synthetic jet performance. The parameters involved are synthetic configuration, numerical method modelling, and cavity. The numerical methods employed are Shear Stress Transport, Reynolds Averaged Navier- Stokes (RANS), k-ε, and Lattice Boltzmann. The investigation on synthetic jet via CFD analysis still needs further enhancement, especially on numerical method selection and modification. In certain conditions, the results of CFD simulation perform very close to the real experimental data. Therefore, the CFD technology is crucial to expedite the synthetic jet product enhancement

Energy harvesting system for kenaf fibre reinforced epoxy composite vertical wind turbine blade

The usage of wind energy as a form of renewable energy is becoming increasingly popular year by year. The performance of wind turbine systems depends upon factors such as design, aerodynamic performance and material selection. Thus, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become crucial in evaluating the performance of wind turbines in real time. Furthermore, the application of smart material in SHM systems can be utilised as a micro energy harvester as well. Nonetheless, the application of SHM in Malaysia's climate for wind turbines is still premature, especially in the use of biocomposite material in its blade system. Hence, the objectives of this research can be summarised as follows: to assess the the effect of bonding technique of Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) system in a kenaf composite fibre and incorporated for micro energy harvester in wind turbine blade. A feasibility investigation of bonding MFC techniques and fabrication process optimisation were conducted. The mechanical properties of woven and random chopped kenaf were investigated, especially with regards to flexural and tensile strength. A modal testing experiment was conducted on the kenaf plate to assess the correlation factors involved in the vibrating structure, including natural frequency. A plate vibration test was performed on the kenaf plate to analyse the factors influencing the performance of the micro energy harvester. A thorough analysis of the bonding MFC technique was also performed on the kenaf composite turbine blade. The experiment was conducted on a tested laboratory vertical axis wind turbine for micro energy harvesting. Further statistical analysis via the Taguchi method was applied on the plate and the turbine blade. It was found that the embedded MFC was capable of inducing electricity and a signal. In mechanical properties analysis, the properties of woven kenaf composite improved up to 199% and 177%, as compared to random chopped kenaf, for flexural strength and tensile strength respectively. The bonding type and resonance of particular structure factors show significant influence on the performance of the micro energy harvester via Taguchi analysis in plate vibration test. Bonded MFC on the surface shows a 348% increment compared to embedded MFC in turbine blade micro energy harvesting analysis. Projection performance of functional VAWT shows that additional percentage, from 26% up to 107%, energy harvested from the wind turbine system for bonded MFC. Finally, energy harvested kenaf composite turbine blade was developed successfully

A review on the aerodrome standard in the aviation industry

The aviation industry consists of a few branches such as Flight Operation, Air Traffic Control Management, Airworthiness and Aerodrome Standards. Aerodrome standard is related to the airport operation, which following the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). The essential element in aerodrome or airport can be listed such as runway, apron, terminal, maintenance hangar and taxiway. Several issues are highlighted in the taxiway segment, which required further review, especially on the Aeronautical Ground Lighting system. Aeronautical Ground Lighting system is the most crucial part in taxiway because it gives guidance to a pilot in taxiway to avoid aircraft incursion. Therefore, this paper will give focus on the taxiway, especially on the Aeronautical Ground Lighting system, which is related to the daily operation requirements for airports

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf - Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF) Epoxy Composite For Engineering Application

Natural fibres nowadays been famously investigated as alternative fibres due to the source depletion of petroleum. There are several natural fibres such as jute, hemp, sisal, kenaf and pineapple leaf that been actively researched in terms of their mechanical properties. This research was focusing on two of the natural fibres which are the kenaf and pineapple leaf. The kenaf and pineapple leaf fibres were proved by previous researchers to have good mechanical properties. This study aims to test the hybrid of Hybrid Kenaf and Pineapple leaf Fibre (PALF) epoxy composite for engineering application. The mechanical properties of hybrid pineapple leaves and kenaf fibre composite will be investigated. The tensile test will be performed in mechanical properties analysis. This research conducted to ensure that the fibre is being utilized rather than being left out as waste, especially by the agriculture industries and the data of the mechanical properties of pineapple leaves and kenaf fibre composite can be obtained through tests conducted. The test result found that this hybrid can perform better than the existing natural fibre hybrid. Hybridization of pineapple leaf fibre and kenaf fibre has higher maximum stress using composition of 75 pineapple leaf fibre to 25 kenaf fibre percentage which is 87.06 MPa

Students' self-directed learning readiness towards using the “SolveMe” Web in Technical and Vocational Education

Self-directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) is an essential skill in continuous Tearning and Leaching (T&L) that needs to be applied to any student. The study aimed to look at the Self-directed Learning Readiness Level (SDLRL) among the final semester students. The total number of students involved was 136 students, covering seven areas namely Catering, Electrical and Electronics, Building Construction, Creative Multimedia, General Machining, Welding, and Air Conditioning. The questionnaire instrument used was adapted from Guglielmino(1997). The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving average use, standard deviation, percentages, frequency and scores. Inference statistics involve t-tests. Studies showed that the students' Key Performance Indexes (KPIs) were at moderate levels for three aspects of self-management, learning to learn and self-control. The t = .119 test, p <.905 showed no significant difference in SDLRL based on gender (female, average = 3.4002, SP = .37393 and male, average = 3.3925, SP = .37146) which served as a reference that could benefit the academic institution for adapting the T&L technique involving SDLR

COVID-19 Pandemic: Langkawi Vocational College Student Challenge in Using Google Classroom for Teaching and Learning (T&L)

The implementation of government-issued social awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the teaching and learning (T&L) activities. This study aims to identify the challenges that students face in using Google Classroom as a T&L method during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 39 Culinary Arts Diploma students at Langkawi Vocational College, Kedah who took the subjects of DHA1234 - Basic Food and Cookery, DHA 3051 - Final Year Project 1 and DHA 1123 - Introduction to Hospitality Industry participated in the study. The questionnaire used was adapted from the previous study and had received expert’s confirmation before being used in the study. The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving average use, standard deviation, percentage, frequency, and score. Inferencial statistics involved pearson correlation tests. The study showed that the mean level of challenge faced by students in using Google Classroom is 3.46. Meanwhile, the pearson correlation test found that the significant value was .000. Therefore, there was a relationship between motivational and internet networks aspects. Therefore, the hypothesis (H0) stated in the hypothesis section was rejected

Total quality management in the health-care context: integrating the literature and directing future research

Background: Synergistic integration of predictors and elements that determine the success of total quality management (TQM) implementations in hospitals has been the bane of theoretical development in the TQM research area. Thus, this paper aims to offer a systematic literature review to provide a foundation on which research on TQM can be built and to identify the predictors of successful TQM in the health-care context. Materials and methods: A systematic literature survey was adopted in this paper, involving the review of 25 relevant researched articles found in the databases Science Direct, EBSCO, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed. Result: The systematic literature survey reveals five variables to be core predictors of TQM, signifying how important these variables are in the successful implementation of TQM in the health-care context. Also, it is revealed that the identified core predictors have positive effects on an improved health-care system. However, the systematic survey of the literature reveals a dearth of studies on TQM in the health-care context. Conclusion: As TQM has become an important management approach for advancing effectiveness in the health-care sector, this kind of research is of value to researchers and managers. Stakeholders in the health sectors should introduce and implement TQM in hospitals and clinics. Nevertheless, this study has limitations, including that the databases and search engines adopted for the literature search are not exhaustive

Stress Investigation of Aluminium Alloy and Composite Material for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application via Simulation Analysis

Composite material offers excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength to weight ratios, and excellent corrosion resistance. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia successfully developed a Cargo Drone (C-Drone) using aluminium alloy as its structure. The future enhancement is looking at the potential of composite material for C-Drone application. Therefore, this research aims to study the stress properties of aluminium alloy and glass fibre composite for C-Drone application via simulation analysis. The scope of this study focuses on the landing gear part of the C-Drone. The drawing of C-Drone was analysed through SolidWorks software to obtain the result of the material reacting to stress, strain, and displacement. The result shows that glass fibre with brittle properties can withstand a high amount of stress, acceptable strain rate, acceptable deformation and reduced weight up to 10% compared to aluminium alloy. This research proves that composite material such as glass fibre reinforced plastic can become an alternative to the current aluminium alloy 6061-T6

Tensile properties of hybrid biocomposite reinforced epoxy modified with carbon nanotube (CNT)

A tensile test was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of hybrid bio-composites that have potential for application in helmet shells. Helmets can protect users from serious injuries, reducing traumas and deaths. Military helmets are made with 19 layers of Kevlar, and bicycle helmets are made of glass fibre reinforced plastic materials that are costly. Replacing or reducing these synthetic fibres with plant fibres would reduce costs and may allow for such materials to be recyclable, biodegradable, and more abundant, as the material has been ground or crunched. Flax woven fibre was used to fabricate one panel of composite (Flax only) and three panels of hybrid composite (FLXC, FLXG, and FLXK). In this project, the epoxy resin was modified by weight with 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5%, and 2 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This study examined the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) concentration on the tensile properties of hybrid biocomposites. The experimental results suggested that the MWCNTs played an important role in improving the mechanical performance of hybrid biocomposites. It was found that optimum carbon nanotube (CNT) concentration improved the tensile performance of the materials by 2% to 5%. However, an excess CNT concentration led to the deformation of materials and reduced their mechanical performance

Mechanical properties of fibre-metal laminates made of natural/synthetic fibre composites

Mechanical properties are among the properties to be considered in designing and fabricating any composite to be used as a firewall blanket in the designated fire zone of an aircraft engine. The main focus of this work was to study the tensile, compression, and flexural strengths of the combination of natural/synthetic fibres with metal laminates as reinforcement in a polymer matrix. The materials included flax fibres, kenaf fibres, carbon fibres, aluminium alloy 2024, and epoxy. The two-hybrid fibre metal laminate composites were made from different layers of natural/synthetic fibres with aluminium alloy of the same thickness. The composites were made from carbon and flax fibre-reinforced aluminium alloy (CAFRALL) and carbon and kenaf fibre-reinforced aluminium alloy (CAKRALL). Based on the results obtained from the mechanical tests, the CAFRALL produced better mechanical properties, where it had the highest modulus of elasticity of 4.4 GPa. Furthermore, the CAFRALL was 14.8% and 20.4% greater than the CAKRALL in terms of the tensile and compressive strengths, respectively, and it had a 33.7% lower flexural strength. The results obtained in the study shows that both composites met the minimum characteristics required for use in the fire-designated zone of an aircraft engine due to their suitable mechanical properties