ICT, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRICS COUNTRIES

The development and transformation of advanced technologies are considered vital for maintaining competitive economic growth and to have treasure and capacity of more efficient energy in the region. This has attracted many researchers and policy makers to explore the impact of ICT and other digital technologies to check their contribution in the country’s economic growth and sustainability. In lieu of these connections, the study aims to explore the impact of ICT and financial development on economic growth of BRICS countries. We analyzed the data of these countries from 2000 to 2018. The data was checked for the penal protocol procedures and hypothesis were tasted using Quantile Regression. The outcomes of the study revealed that all dimensions of ICT i.e. ICT-Tel, ICT-Mob and ICT-Net have positive significant effect of the GDP of BRICS countries. The results also highlight the impact of financial development on economic growth and reported positive significant impact of financial development on the economic growth of this region. The results are expected to be very meaningful for the relevant regulatory bodies and specially the economic think tank of these countries. &nbsp

Assessing seed priming, sowing date and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct sown Miscanthus sinensis in the UK

Direct sowing of Miscanthus seed could lower crop establishment costs, increase the rate of grower uptake and biomass supply for the emerging bio?economy. A replicated field trial was conducted at two contrasting UK sites: Aberystwyth (ABR) in mid?Wales and Blankney (BLK) in Lincolnshire. These sites encompass the West?East meteorological gradient in the UK where the growing season at ABR is cooler and wetter whilst BLK is warmer and drier. Primed and unprimed M. sinensis seeds were sown directly onto the soil surface with and without a clear bio?degradable mulch film, at nine dates interspersed from May to October. Average daily mean soil surface temperatures measured over the first two months after sowing under the mulch film were higher than control plots (2.7?C ABR and 4.2?C BLK). At both sites the film covering also affected soil volumetric moisture relative to uncovered control plots (?3% ABR and 8% BLK) demonstrating the negative impact of mulch film when sowing on dry soil. Over nine sowings, seed germination at ABR under film varied between ?28% to +18% of germination under control conditions. Seedlings from the first three sowings at both sites under film had sufficient physiological maturity to survive the first winter period. At BLK, mulch film significantly increased tiller count and height in both the first and second year after sowing. At ABR, where temperatures were lower, film covering significantly increased tiller height but not count. Water priming had no significant effect on seed viability or germination in the field tests. Base temperatures for germination of primed and unprimed seed on a thermal gradient plate were 7.0?C and 5.7?C respectively with a ?1.7?C confidence interval. Based on our results for M. sinensis in the UK we recommend the sowing of unprimed seed in May under film and only when the soil is moistpublishersversionPeer reviewe

Heat and mass transfer of Williamson nanofluid flow yield by an inclined Lorentz force over a nonlinear stretching sheet

The present analysis is devoted to explore the computational solution of the problem addressing the variable viscosity and inclined Lorentz force effects on Williamson nanofluid over a stretching sheet. Variable viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The basic mathematical modelled problem i.e. system of PDE’s is converted nonlinear into ODE’s via applying suitable transformations. Computational solutions of the problem is also achieved via efficient numerical technique shooting. Characteristics of controlling parameters i.e. stretching index, inclined angle, Hartmann number, Weissenberg number, variable viscosity parameter, mixed convention parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter and chemical reactive species on concentration, temperature and velocity gradient. Additionally, friction factor coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are describe with the help of graphics as well as tables verses flow controlling parameters. Keywords: Williamson nanofluid, Temperature depended viscosity, Inclined magnetic field, Mixed convection, Chemical reactive species, Variable viscosity, Shooting metho

Review of Compounds and Pharmacological Effects of Delphinium

Plants of Delphinium are herbal medicine used in the Tibet region with whole grass as a drug, which have the effects of analgesic, antibacterial, antipyretic, and anticancer. The main bioactive compounds are alkaloids, flavonoids, and sterols. This review summarized the compounds and pharmacological effects of Delphinium and provides a reference for further research on Delphinium

Priming treatments for improvement of germination and emergence of cotton seeds at low temperature

Early sowing in cotton is important for obtaining a high and qualiy yield. Since cotton prefers high temperatures to have a good stand establisment, this work is important to determine better performing genotypes or to promote germination and emergence at low temperatures (<20°C). This research aimed to increase seed germination rate and seed vigour under cold stress conditions. Two cotton genotypes belonging to G. hirsutum L. species (Aydin-110 and Paymaster-2379) were primed with PEG-6000 (200, 300, 400 giL), KN03 (2, 3, 4%), KH2P04 (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 M), NaCl (2, 3, 4%) or Mannitol (2, 4, 6%) to determine the best priming medium and its best amount. After priming, seeds were germinated in germination cabin at cold (18°C) and warm (30° C) temperatures and some characteristics (germination rates, radicle length, hypocotyl length and seedling length) were analyzed. Priming with KN03 (4% or 2%) was found to result in the highest germination rates in both cotton genotypes. The seeds of the genotypes were also primed with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (1, 10, 25 mg/L), gibberellic acid (GA3) (100, 250, 500 µM), methyljasmonate (MeJA) (1, 3, 5 µM),acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (1, 10, 100 µM) or kinetin (1, 5, 10 mg/L) added to KN03 (4%) medium to choose the most effective plant growth regulator (PGR) application and its dose. PGRs were observed to have reverse effects on germination rate. Finally, emergence test was conducted with KN03 (4%) and KN03 (2%) using metabolic chill test, and some traits (radicle length, radicle weight, hypocotyllength, hypocotyl weight, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were examined. Our results suggested that priming with KN03 (2%) might be an effecient way to have vigourous cotton plants under the cold stress