Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A Critical Review

The detection of analytes in complex organic matrices requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. Sample preparation can be the most time-consuming, prolonged, and error-prone step, reducing the reliability of the investigation. This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of extracting bioactive compounds, sample preparation techniques, automation, and coupling with on-line detection. This review also evaluates all publications on this topic through a longitudinal bibliometric analysis, applying statistical and mathematical methods to analyze the trends, perspectives, and hot topics of this research area. Furthermore, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex samples from vegetable matrices coupled with analysis systems are presented. Among the extraction techniques for liquid samples, solid-phase extraction was the most common for combined systems in the scientific literature. In contrast, for on-line extraction systems applied for solid samples, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction were the most frequent green extraction techniques

The potential of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) in the treatment of obese and glucose-intolerant mice

Obesity is a pandemic condition, absolutely out of control. Food assistance is among the main proposals for the management of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous pomegranate extract in a model of obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. The pomegranate extract was obtained from the association of green extraction techniques. Through the crude extract containing punicalagin and ellagic acid (main compounds), extracts with isolated fractions of these compounds were obtained. For the experimental study, Swiss mice were subjected to the obesity induction period for eight weeks. After, were treated for another 30 days with crude extract of 250 mg/kg (group HF+[1]EXT); punicalagin extract isolated 8.35 mg/kg (HF+Punica group); isolated extract of ellagic acid 0.208 mg/kg (group HF+EA), via gavage. Both the crude extract and its subfractions reduced the body weight gain for the HF+Punica group (1.1 g); HF+EA (0.92 g) compared to HF, while the HF+EXT showed significant weight loss (P<0.001). In the glycemic parameters, all extracts were able to reduce blood glucose when compared to the group with HF. Histological data of liver tissue showed improvement in hepatic steatosis, mainly in the crude extract group. Therefore, it was possible to demonstrate that the aqueous extract of the pomegranate peel, obtained by innovative extraction techniques, can be a potential strategy for the treatment and control of obesity

The potential of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) in the treatment of obese and glucose-intolerant mice

Obesity is a pandemic condition, absolutely out of control. Food assistance is among the main proposals for the management of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous pomegranate extract in a model of obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. The pomegranate extract was obtained from the association of green extraction techniques. Through the crude extract containing punicalagin and ellagic acid (main compounds), extracts with isolated fractions of these compounds were obtained. For the experimental study, Swiss mice were subjected to the obesity induction period for eight weeks. After, were treated for another 30 days with crude extract of 250 mg/kg (group HF+[1]EXT); punicalagin extract isolated 8.35 mg/kg (HF+Punica group); isolated extract of ellagic acid 0.208 mg/kg (group HF+EA), via gavage. Both the crude extract and its subfractions reduced the body weight gain for the HF+Punica group (1.1 g); HF+EA (0.92 g) compared to HF, while the HF+EXT showed significant weight loss (P<0.001). In the glycemic parameters, all extracts were able to reduce blood glucose when compared to the group with HF. Histological data of liver tissue showed improvement in hepatic steatosis, mainly in the crude extract group. Therefore, it was possible to demonstrate that the aqueous extract of the pomegranate peel, obtained by innovative extraction techniques, can be a potential strategy for the treatment and control of obesity.   [1] abbreviations:EXT – extract, EA- acid ellagic, PUNICA – punicalagin

Microbiological Quality of Organic and Conventional Leafy Vegetables

The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological profile of leafy vegetables from organic and conventional farming (n=70). The microbiological parameters analyzed consisted of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, coliforms at 30 and 45°C, and Salmonella ssp. A biochemical identification of the Enterobacteriaceae species was carried out. Some Enterobacteriaceae species were identified in the produce from both farming systems and Hafnia alvei was the most widespread specie observed. Salmonella spp. was not detected in the samples analyzed. The microbial counts for indicator microorganisms were, in general, higher for conventional leaves when compared to those produced by organic farming

Potential application for antimicrobial and antileukemic therapy of a flavonoid-rich fraction of Camellia sinensis

The antimicrobial and antileukemic effect of a purified fraction of flavonoids from the leaves of Camellia sinensis was evaluated. An extraction yield of 9.77 mg.g-1 total flavonoids was recovered through a pressurized liquid extraction associated with solid-phase extraction. This fraction was tested against pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Enterococcus), considering the minimum inhibitory concentration. In addition, the human monocyte cell line THP-1, derived from a patient with acute monocytic leukemia, was used for the antitumor assay. The results show that the flavonoid-rich fraction obtained by coupling a Pressurized Liquids Extraction in-line with a Solid Phase Extraction (PLE-SPE) has a high antimicrobial effect and resulted in cell cycle blockage G0 / G1, increased DNA fragmentation, and altered leukemic cell morphology. These results suggest that a flavonoid-rich fraction obtained from Camellia sinensis can be applied as potential adjuvants in chemotherapy treatment to mitigate the side effects caused by chemotherapy or even as a supplement to cancer therapy9 página

Extraction of Flavonoids From Natural Sources Using Modern Techniques

Flavonoids are one of the main groups of polyphenols found in natural products. Traditional flavonoid extraction techniques are being replaced by advanced techniques to reduce energy and solvent consumption, increase efficiency and selectivity, to meet increased market demand and environmental regulations. Advanced technologies, such as microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids, supercritical fluids, and electric fields, are alternatives currently being used. These modern techniques are generally faster, more environmentally friendly, and with higher automation levels compared to conventional extraction techniques. This review will discuss the different methods available for flavonoid extraction from natural sources and the main parameters involved (temperature, solvent, sample quantity, extraction time, among others). Recent trends and their industrial importance are also discussed in detail, providing insight into their potential. Thus, this paper seeks to review the innovations of compound extraction techniques, presenting in each of them their advantages and disadvantages, trying to offer a broader scope in the understanding of flavonoid extraction from different plant matrices

New methods for the determination of isoflavones from soy and derived foods

In this Doctoral Thesis several aspects of soy isoflavones determination were assessed for the development of new methods for the extraction, clean-up/concentration and hydrolysis, as well as new analysis methods by high performance chromatography methods. Previously, the stability of soy isoflavones extracts and standard solutions was evaluated. Thereafter, new extraction methods were developed using the latest techniques and materials available. It was evaluated the use of ultrasounds, pressurized liquids, microwaves and solid phase extraction for the extraction of soy isoflavones from several types of samples. The developed methods are fast, reliable and highly reproducible. New materials were also evaluated, like solid phase extraction polymeric cartridges and the monolithic columns for liquid chromatography. These materials were used for the determination of isoflavones from several soy juices samples with excellent results. Globally, the information provided allows increasing the speed, precision, reproducibility, flexibility and decreasing operational costs of the determination of isoflavones not only from soybeans, but also other matrices, since the developed methods can be potentially used for different types of samples.324 p

Extraction of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from juçara (euterpe edulis mart.) residues using pressurized liquids and supercritical fluids

Extracts rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from industrial residue of jucara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) were obtained using different high pressure extraction processes. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) was evaluated at 10 MPa and 40, 60 and 80 d119916CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO130739/2014-6; 300533/2013-62952/20112013/04304-4; 2013/02203-6; 2015/11932-

Extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from pomegranate peel using ultrasound : influence of temperature, frequency and operation mode

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of temperature (40-70 degrees C), frequency (37 and 80 kHz) and ultrasonic operation mode (normal, pulse and sweep), and their interactions on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants present in pomegranate peel using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The content of individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC) and total extract yield (X-0) were analysed. Significant effects were observed between some sources of variation in recovery of individual compounds at TPC and X-0, and no significant effect was observed for AC. The process and conditions studied shown to be interesting to extract antioxidants, since a high antioxidant capacity was verified in the extracts. Temperatures around 50-60 degrees C, using 37 kHz frequency, and normal or pulse modes were the conditions that provided better yields of phenolic compounds and X-0. Regarding AC, the best condition observed was at 70 degrees C, 80 kHz frequency and continuous mode54927922801CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP140268/2014-6; 303568/2016-0; 519.292-0565/152952/20112015/11932-7; 2013/04304-

Estudio de los subproductos y restos de vinificación del Jerez y su potencial cosmético

X Congreso Nacional de Investigación EnológicaDurante la elaboración de los vinos de Jerez se generan una serie de subproductos y residuos que algunos de los cuales tienen cierta aplicación, especialmente la recuperación de ciertos componentes y la obtención de ciertos productos de usos fundamentalmente vitivinícola. No obstante algunos subproductos y restos resultantes de ciertas etapas, se ven enriquecidos en ciertos componentes que pueden tener otras utilidades, siendo una de ellas, la cosmética. En el presente trabajo se ha realizado una caracterización analítica de algunos restos generados en las distintas etapas de elaboración. Así se han estudiado los siguientes restos: orujos, lías, restos de velo de flor (cabezuelas), turbios y tartratos. Las sustancias analizadas han sido polifenoles, ácidos, aminoácidos, así como determinaciones generales, como el poder antioxidante y el índice de polifenoles totales. En base a los resultados obtenidos, una empresa colaboradora ha elaborado algunos productos cosméticos, usando como principios activos los restos determinados. Para este estudio se han desarrollado una serie de técnicas analíticas dedicando especial interés a la preparación de muestras, por las diferentes matrices de los restos y productos analizados. Este trabajo se ha realizado en colaboración con la empresa Laboratorios SKINWINE S.L