Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology.

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness

Efecto del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de las prostaglandinas PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto in vitro del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales epiteliales bovinas (CEEP). Materiales y métodos. Se cultivaron CEEP aisladas de tejido uterino y se suplementaron con AL a diferentes concentraciones (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM), oxitocina (OT) (0.1 μM) e interferón trofoectodérmico bovino (bINT-τ) (50 ng/ml). Se cuantificó la PGF2α y PGE2 a distintos tiempos (12, 24 y 36h). En el control, la PGF2α en el sobrenadante aumentó en el tiempo de cultivo y fue 1.2 veces mayor que la producción de PGE2. Resultados. El ácido linoléico disminuyó la concentración de PGF2α (p0.05) la producción de PGE2. El efecto conjunto de AL y OT sobre la producción de PGF2α difirió para cada uno de los tiempos; el ácido linoléico inhibió parcialmente el efecto estimulante de la OT sobre la producción de PGE2, el efecto conjunto del AL y el bINT-τ aumentó (p<0.05) esta inhibición hasta la hora 24. Conclusiones. El ácido linoléico afecta negativamente la concentración de PGF2α en el sobrenadante a través del tiempo. Respecto a la PGE2 se concluye que el ácido linoléico por sí solo no afecta la concentración en el sobrenadante

Razlike u razinama anti-Müllerovog hormona u krvnoj plazmi i reproduktivnih parametara između dvije vrste goveda Bos indicus i Bubalus bubalis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between reproductive parameters and Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in two closely related bovine species. AMH levels and the reproductive parameters of 50 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and 50 Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) of the same age and raised in similar conditions were evaluated. Clinical data were obtained from the farm in specialized designed format, and AMH was measured by ELISA. The results show that Zebu cattle had higher AMH levels than water buffaloes (P<0.0001), while water buffaloes exhibited better reproductive parameters: days open to pregnancy (P<0.0001), parity (P<0.0005), age at first calving (P<0.0001), and intercalving period (P<0.0001). Although both species have different reproductive parameters, no correlations were found between AMH and the reproductive parameters evaluated in either species. Finally, pregnant Zebu cattle and water buffalo showed a tendency to have lower AMH levels than non-pregnant counterparts. The results are paradoxical as the species with lower AMH levels exhibited better reproductive parameters, suggesting that the reproductive parameters within the herd do not depend solely on the ovarian reserve of females.Cilj je ovog rada bio procijeniti je li moguće ustanoviti povezanost između reproduktivnih parametara i razina anti-Müllerovog hormona (AMH) u dvije blisko srodne vrste goveda. Analizirane su razine AMH i reproduktivni parametri 50 bivola (Bubalus bubalis) i 50 zebu goveda (Bos indicus) iste dobi uzgojenih u sličnim uvjetima. Klinički podatci dobiveni su s farme u posebno osmišljenom pokusu. AMH je određivan pomoću ELISA metode. Rezultati pokazuju da su razine AMH više u goveda nego u bivola (P<0,0001). Bivoli su pokazali bolje reproduktivne parametre: servisno razdoblje (P<0,0001), paritet (P<0,0005), dob kod prvog teljenja (P<0,0001) i međutelidbeno razdoblje (P<0,0001). Premda obje vrste imaju različite reproduktivne parametre, nije ustanovljena povezanost između AMH i analiziranih reproduktivnih parametara niti u jedne od istraživanih vrsta. Zaključno, steone ženke goveda i bivola pokazuju tendenciju manjih razina AMH u usporedbi s nesteonim. Rezultati dobiveni u ovoj studiji su paradoksalni, jer vrste s nižim AMH razinama pokazuju bolje reproduktivne parametre. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da reproduktivni parametri unutar krda ne ovise samo o rezervi jajnih stanica u ženki

Efecto del co-cultivo sobre el desarrollo temprano de embiones bovinos producidos in vitro

Objetivo. Estudiar el efecto del cocultivo con células oviductales sobre el porcentaje de clivaje 48 horas post inseminación (hpi) de embriones bovinos en bajas tensiones de oxígeno. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron ovarios de matadero para la extracción de los ovocitos que fueron puestos en medio TCM 199 suplementado con hormonas, se fertilizaron con semen criópreservado y se cocultivaron en medio CR1aa con células de oviducto durante 48 horas. Se evaluó el porcentaje de clivaje total y el porcentaje de clivaje por estadios de 2-4 células y 5-8 células. La viabilidad de las células para el cocultivo se determinó por observación del movimiento ciliar y observación de monocapa. Los tratamientos fueron T1: células de oviducto + oxígeno 20%; T2: células de oviducto + oxígeno 7%; T3 y T4 fueron controles sin células para ambas concentraciones de oxígeno. Resultados. En cuanto al porcentaje de clivaje no hubo diferencia significativa entre los cuatro tratamientos, pero hubo una tendencia a mayor clivaje para los embriones cocultivados con células y 20% oxígeno. Conclusiones. La utilización de altas tasas de oxígeno (20%) en los sistemas de cococultivo con células oviductales tienden a mejorar los porcentajes de clivaje a las 48 hpi

Contribution to economic evaluation of systems that value animal welfare at farm

The demand for "welfare friendly" products increases as public conscience and perception on livestock production systems grow. The public and policy-makers demand scientific information for education and to guide decision processes. This paper describes some of the last decade contributions made by scientists on the technical, economical and market areas of farm animal welfare. Articles on animal welfare were compiled on the following themes: 1) consumer behavior, 2) technical and economical viability, 3) public regulation, and 4) private certification policies. Most studies on the economic evaluation of systems that promote animal welfare involved species destined to produce export items, such as eggs, beef and pork. Few studies were found on broilers, dairy cows and fish, and data regarding other species, such as horses, sheep and goats were not found. Scientists understand that farm animal welfare is not only a matter of ethics, but also an essential tool to gain and maintain markets. However, it is unfortunate that little attention is paid to species that are not economically important for exports. Studies that emphasize on more humane ways to raise animals and that provide economic incentives to the producer are needed. An integrated multidisciplinary approach is necessary to highlight the benefits of introducing animal welfare techniques to existing production systems

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness

Fisiología de la activación del espermatozoide en peces de agua dulce Spermatozoa activation physiology in freshwater fish

El principal objetivo de esta revisión fue el estudio de los mecanismos que regulan la movilidad espermática en peces de agua dulce, dada su importancia en el desarrollo de biotecnologías para la conservación de sus gametos, los cuales una vez producidos en el testículo, se capacitan en el conducto espermático donde permanecen inmóviles por factores como el balance iónico, la osmolaridad, el pH o algunas proteínas. En el momento de la liberación de los espermatozoides al medio acuoso, estos son activados por un periodo de tiempo muy corto. En teleósteos de agua dulce, el choque hiposmótico induce cambios de potencial de membrana que conducen a la regulación de canales iónicos de K+ y de Ca2+, seguida por un flujo iónico que desencadena la cascada de activación. Muchas investigaciones se han enfocado en el estudio de la osmolaridad, el balance iónico, el pH y factores dependientes de AMPc y Ca2+; asociados con la activación de la movilidad espermática. De esta forma, los mecanismos fisiológicos de la activación han ganado interés para comprender los procesos por los cuales el espermatozoide adquiere la hipermovilidad para alcanzar el oocito y penetrar el micrópilo antes del cierre del mismo.This review pretended to study the regulation of spermatozoa motility in freshwater fish, improving biotechnology development focused on gametes preservation, which are produced into the testes. Spermatozoa gets capacitation and stays non- motil due to different factors such as ionic balance, osmolality, pH, and some proteins. After release to the freshwater, the teleost spermatozoa get activated during a very short period, due to hiposmotic shock, producing membrane potential changes, allow regulation of K+ and Ca2+ channels, followed by an ionic flow that trigger the activation. During the last years, investigations focused on the osmolality, ionic balance, pH and AMPc and Ca2+ dependent factors; associated to spermatozoa motility activation. In this way, understanding spermatozoa hipermotility process to reach and enter the egg´s micropile before closing, has increased interest in the physiological activation mechanism