Estimaciones de las propiedades mecánicas de hueso intacto y dañado a partir de imágenes CT de alta resolución

Esta tesis investigó hasta qué punto el análisis de micro-FE basado en imágenes de TC de alta resolución puede estimar con precisión las propiedades materiales del tejido óseo intacto y dañado. Para alcanzar este objetivo, primero se probó la capacidad del análisis de micro-FE para estimar la rigidez a la compresión de muestras de hueso esponjoso después de una fractura. Posteriormente, se midió la rigidez tras la cementación de una muestra fracturada y se comparó con la situación fracturada y no fracturada. También se utilizó la micro-FE para comprobar si puede predecir la rigidez del hueso cementado. La segunda parte se centró en la predicción de la resistencia del hueso. Esto se hizo en modelos de animales pequeños. La resistencia ósea se midió mediante ensayos de flexión de tres puntos, cuyos resultados se analizaron mediante la teoría de vigas. Luego se analizó mecánicamente la resistencia del hueso humano basado en escaneos in-vivo de HR-pQCT. Aunque este método ha sido validado en varios estudios para la primera generación de este tipo de escáner, aún no se ha validado para la segunda generación de dispositivos HR-pQCT. Para ello se establecieron los parámetros óptimos para análisis de micro-FE y FE homogeneizado.This thesis investigated to what extent micro-FE analysis based on high-resolution CT images can accurately estimate the material properties of intact and damaged bone tissue. To achieve this goal, the ability of micro-FE analysis to estimate the compressive stiffness of cancellous bone specimens after fracture was first tested. Subsequently, the stiffness after cementation of a fractured sample was measured and compared with the fractured and non-fractured situation. Micro-FE was also achieved to see if it can predict the stiffness of cemented bone. The second part focused on the prediction of bone strength. This was done in small animal models. Bone strength was measured by three-point flexion tests, the results of which were analyzed using beam theory. Human bone strength was then mechanically analyzed based on in-vivo HR-pQCT scans. Although this method has been validated in several studies for the first generation of this type of scanner, it has not yet been validated for the second generation of HR-pQCT devices. To this end, the optimal defects for the analysis of micro-FE and homogenized FE are presented.Colombia. Miniciencias (ex Colciencias). Programa de becas Francisco José de Caldas para estudios de doctorado en el exterior “Generación del Bicentenario”.Tesis doctora

Modelo computacional para simulación del proceso de osteogénesis y la curación ósea después de la fractura

El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es simular el proceso de osteogénesis y la curación secundaria de fractura, de forma que el modelo desarrollado permita conocer y predecir la evolución del crecimiento óseo y los aspectos de la reparación tales como la geometría externa, la arquitectura interna y el tiempo de curación en respuesta al estímulo mecánico aplicado. De acuerdo a estudios del tejido óseo, la reparación de fractura tiene alta dependencia de factores locales mecánicos y fisiológicos manifestados a nivel celular, lo que hace complejo predecir cuál es el camino que va a seguir la fractura en su proceso de curación. Sin embargo, para cada tipo específico de fractura y la región anatómica afectada se determina un procedimiento específico de atención que permite conocer y controlar su proceso de sanación. Las predicciones de esta investigación están basadas precisamente sobre estos parámetros. El modelo presentado simula el comportamiento de la reparación a nivel celular gracias a la implementación de los Autómatas Celulares, pequeñas maquinas matemáticamente configuradas para tomar decisiones de evolución en el tiempo de acuerdo a los estados propios y de sus inmediatos vecinos. La simulación termina presentando una propuesta de geometría y arquitectura final de la unión ósea entre los segmentos, además de estimar el tiempo requerido en dicha reparación. / Abstract. The aim of this research work is to simulate osteogenesis process and secondary bone healing, in this way developed model allow knows and predicts bone growth evolution and reparation aspects like outer geometry, internal architecture and bone healing time in response to applied mechanical stimulus. According to bone tissue studies, bone healing has a high dependence from mechanical and physiological factors evident at cellular level, becoming complex to predict which one way fracture follows in healing process. However, for each specific kind of fracture and affected anatomical part is determined a specific assistance procedure to make enable knows and take control over healing process. Predictions of this research are based right that in those parameters. Presented model simulates healing behavior at cellular level thanks to use of Cellular Automaton, small machines configured by mathematical statements for take decisions of time{evolution according to own states and states of its neighborhood. Simulation finish showing a geometry and final architecture proposals of bony join between segments in addition to estimate request repair time.Maestrí

TALLER: PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO SUSTENTABLES; UN DIÁLOGO DESDE EL CUIDADO DEL AMBIENTE Y LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FÍSICA. UNA PROPUESTA DESDE LAS MÁQUINAS DE GOLDBERG

Este taller pretende mostrar la importancia de las máquinas de Goldberg como herramienta de dialogo entre las tensiones en la enseñanza de la Física y el problema generalizado de desperdicio de elementos reciclables en las diversas escuelas de básica y media. Que se devele una solución dialógica enmarcada en la creación de prácticas de laboratorio de física, accesible para los estudiantes, entendiendo la accesibilidad a las cuestiones prácticas y por supuesto cognitivas, asociadas a los montajes de laboratorio. Esta propuesta surge de la preocupación generalizada de los estudiantes del seminario de enseñanza de la física, del departamento de Física, apropósito de vislumbrar nuevas formas para la enseñanza de la física en la escuela, que trascienda lo tradicional y se posibiliten como punto de encuentro de las necesidades particulares de la comunidad educativa, para este caso, encontramos dos particularidades de preocupación colectiva, la primera, mostrar la física como una ciencia al alcance de todos y segundo decantar las consecuencias de generar una lógica del cuidado del entorno.Esta apuesta surge en el marco de las discusiones del seminario de enseñanza de la física (licenciatura en física) a propósito del papel que tiene la física en la escuela frente a su enseñabilidad

Amor, empatía y conductas prosociales: una reflexión interdisciplinaria

This book presents, through reflection, the relevance, timeliness and necessity of love, empathy and prosocial behaviors within the framework of the professional and disciplinary work of the authors. The reader will be able to find here what these professionals, academics and intellectuals think and feel about it. Let the reader know that it was not a simple writing project, maybe because of the invitation to think about oneself, maybe because of the presence of the concept of "love" in the academy, or maybe, because we are not so accustomed to putting in the first person the reflection turned from what we relate to day by day. May this text be the excuse to continue to reflect on the role of love, empathy and prosocial behavior in a world that sometimes shows great desolation. May these unknotted reflections allow us to understand and resignify, learn and continue.PublishedEste libro expone, por la vía de la reflexión, la pertinencia, actualidad y necesidad del amor, la empatía y las conductas prosociales en el marco del quehacer profesional y disciplinar de los autores. El lector podrá encontrar aquí lo que esos profesionales, académicos e intelectuales piensan y sienten al respecto. Sepa el lector que no fue un proyecto de escritura sencillo, quizá por la invitación a pensar sobre sí, quizá por la presencia del concepto “amor” en la academia, o quizá, simplemente, porque no estamos tan acostumbrados a poner en primera persona la reflexión devenida de aquello con lo que día a día nos relacionamos. Que sea este texto la excusa para continuar reflexionando sobre el papel del amor, la empatía y las conductas prosociales en un mundo que a veces muestra gran desolación. Que estas reflexiones des-anudadas permitan comprender y resignificar, aprender y continuar

Accuracy of beam theory for estimating bone tissue modulus and yield stress from 3-point bending tests on rat femora

Mechanical analysis of animal long bones often makes use of beam theory to estimate tissue properties from bending tests. An earlier study (van Lenthe et al., 2008) found that beam theory leads to a considerable underestimation of the Young's modulus of mice femora. However, we hypothesized that beam theory might still be an accurate tool for the determination of bone strength from experimental data. The first goal was to test this hypothesis, along with checking if the underestimation of the tissue modulus is also valid for rat femurs. The second goal was to investigate if micro-FE and beam theory would yield similar increases in Young's moduli and yield stress during aging. Twelve rat femurs (12 and 16 weeks old) were scanned using micro-CT and subjected to a three-point bending test from which the bending stiffness and the yield force were obtained. The Young's modulus and yield stress then were calculated by regressing the experimental results with results obtained from beam theory and micro-FE analysis based on the micro-CT scans. It was found that bone strength calculated using beam theory overestimated that calculated from micro-FE by 8.0%. The Young's modulus did not significantly differ. When comparing age groups, similar increases in tissue modulus and yield strength were found for beam theory and micro-FE, with significant differences only for the micro-FE yield stress. We concluded that the use of beam theory to calculate bone yield strength from 3-point bending test results of rat femurs leads to its overprediction

Atrial fibrillation: non cardiologist physicians approach

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent arrhythmia. Its classification according to pattern and clinical type allows to decide the therapeutic strategy to use, that most include control of symptoms and prevention of cardioembolic events. The election of the treatment depends on the presence of triggering events, risk factors for thromboembolism, risk factors for bleeding, cardiac function, patient funcionality, medication costoefectiveness and health care access. The type of anticoagulant has to be supported on the type of atrial fibrillation and the presence of contraindications, documented ineffective anticoagulation or high risk of failure to warfarin. In case of contraindications for anticoagulation this could still be used in high bleeding risk patients, when risk factors are controllable or corrected; leaving left atrial appendage closure as an option for patients that remain in high risk for bleeding events

Polyautoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: New insights from a cross-sectional study

Objective: To assess the frequency of polyautoimmunity (PolyA) in a cohort of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify associated factors. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study in a specialized center., a comprehensive review of the medical records of SLE patients was performed from 2015 to 2020 in order to obtain demographic, clinical data, laboratory, and treatment information. Associations between PolyA, demographic, and characteristics of the disease were explored. Results: A total of 463 patients were included in the analysis. The average age was 47.3 ± 15 years. Most of this population were female (87.4%), whom were diagnosed with SLE in a long-term SLE (10.6 ± 10.1 years). Out of the total patients, 34.7% were diagnosed with PolyA. Among the most frequent clinical criteria for SLICC, arthritis (65%), kidney impairment (39.5%), and alopecia (34.8%) were found. The most frequent SLE-associated PolyA were antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (16.63% and 10.58%, respectively). PolyA-associated factors were age, xerophthalmia, central nervous system occlusion, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In contrast, renal impairment was significantly less frequent in PolyA patients after multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The results have showed associated factors with PolyA like age, xerophthalmia, central nervous system occlusion, and deep vein thrombosis in this cohort. On the other hand, lupus nephritis was less frequent in patients with PolyA. This study provides a spotlight of a specific SLE population as real-life evidence for a better characterization of PolyA in the future

Afro-reparaciones: memorias de la esclavitud y justicia reparativa para negros, afrocolombianos y raizales

En Colombia, los negros, afrocolombianos y raizales son sujetos de reparaciones no solo dentro del debate de la Ley de Justicia y Paz, debido a la embestida paramilitar y guerrillera en sus territorios colectivos, sino también porque la trata negra transatlántica, la que enmarcó la llegada masiva de esclavos a la Nueva Granada colonial, se ha considerado un crimen de lesa humanidad. La Conferencia de Durban (Sudáfrica, 2001) hizo sujetos de reparación a todos los integrantes de la diáspora africana en el mundo. Este doble entronque enciende y complejiza el debate sobre justicia reparativa en el país. La presente obra recoge ensayos de varios especialistas sobre el tema. Todos ellos buscan dar respuesta, desde diferentes perspectivas, a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Es posible la reconstrucción de una nación como la colombiana, que estableció un novedoso pacto de convivencia ética y política mediante la asunción constitucional de su carácter pluriétnico y multicultural? y, ¿Es posible alcanzar este loable ideal sin actos estatales de reparación de las múltiples injusticias heredadas del pasado, de los traumas sociales que se ocasionaron, que se expresan en las adversas condiciones de vida que llevan ciertos grupos poblacionales?. / Contenido. Preliminares; Capítulo 1 - Color, inferioridad y esclavización: La invención de la diferencia en los discursos de la colonialidad temprana; Capítulo 2 - Ciudadanía, racialización y memoria del cautiverio en la historia de Brasil; Capítulo 3 - Sin justicia étnico-racial no hay paz: Las afro-reparaciones en perspectiva histórico-mundial; Capítulo 4 - Afroecuatorianos: reparaciones y acciones afirmativas; Capítulo 5 - Reparaciones contemporáneas: De la memoria de la esclavitud al cuestionamiento de la exclusión social y el racismo; Capítulo 6 - Reparaciones para negros, afrocolombianos y raizales como rescatados de la Trata Negrera Trasatlántica y desterrados de la guerra en Colombia; Capítulo 7 - El Dorado Negro, o el verdadero peso del oro neogranadino en la colonia; Capítulo 8 - San Andrés Isla, memorias de la colombianización y reparaciones; Capítulo 9 - Mirar hacia adentro para reparar las memorias en Providencia y Santa Catalina; Capítulo 10 - Afrouresanos: la historia de un Palenque, el devenir de un pueblo; Capítulo 11 - Memorias palenqueras de la libertad; Capítulo 12 - Los afronortecaucanos: de la autonomía a la miseria ¿Un caso de doble reparación?; Capítulo 13 - Afro-reparaciones en tierras de comunidades negras: Vuelta de Candelilla, Tumaco; Capítulo 14 - Desde adentro: Una aproximación al tema de Verdad, Justicia y Repación a partir de la víctimas afrocolombianas; Capítulo 15 - Bojayá: Entre el miedo y los medios; Capítulo 16 - Conocimientos ancestrales amenazados y destierro prorrogado: La encrucijada de los afrocolombianos; Capítulo 17- Subvirtiendo la autoridad de lo sentencioso: "Cantadoras que se alaban de poetas"; Capítulo 18 - Los rostros de la memoria afrodescendiente: fiestas, bailes y fandangos; Capítulo 19 - Un rastro del África Central en el Pacífico Colombiano: tallas sagradas entre los indígenas de Chocó y su legado africano; Capítulo 20 - El cementerio africano en Nueva York: enseñanzas de un ejercicio de reconciliación; Capítulo 21 - La educación y el patrimonio cultural, nodos de los procesos de reparación de las comunidades adrocolombianas; Capítulo 22 - Andinocentrismo, salvajismo y afro-reparaciones; Capítulo 23 - La población afrodescendiente y su referencia como sujeto de ley en el desarrollo normativo de Colombia: punto de partida para definir niveles de reconocimiento y reparación, Capítulo 24 - "Aquí ellos también son iguales": una aproximación al racismo en el ámbito escolar; Capítulo 25 - Políticas étnicas afrocolombianas en educación superior: Dinámicas identitarias en la Universidad de Antioquia; Capítulo 26 - Las desigualdades raciales en Colombia: Un análisis sociodemográfico de condiciones de vida, pobreza e ingresos para la ciudad de Cali y el departamento del Valle del Cauca; Capítulo 27 - Memoria y reparación: ¿Y de ser mujeres negras qué?; Capítulo 28 - La encrucijada de los rescatados: entre la memoria doliente y el olvido; Capítulo 29 - Comunidad de la Boquilla: lo patrimonial local en el escenario global; Capítulo 30 - La justicia afrocolombiana se construye en el reconocimiento de la diversidad; Anexo 01 - Índice temático; Anexo 02 - Notas biográficas de autoras y autores; Anexo 03 - Presentación Grupo de Estudios Afrocolombianos GE

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered

XVII International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Advanced Science, Technology and Innovation to move towards a new socio-technical system: Sustainable Social Transformation"

Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of batsContent: Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of bat