Participation in an Interprofessional Simulation Event: Impact on Student Learning

Interprofessional education (IPE) is growing tremendously within numerous health care programs and continues to impact both healthcare professionals and patients. The significance of having IPE simulation events is to provide students with the ability to gain knowledge, awareness, and understanding of other disciplines. Focus groups following an IPE simulation event will allow for a better understanding of how these events potentially impact student learning, future learning outcomes, and knowledge of other professions. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of participation in an IPE simulation event on students\u27 perceptions. To examine this impact, a student focus group and a faculty focus group were conducted to examine the impact this event has on perceptions of learning, influences on teaching, and potential future experiences. At the conclusion of the student focus group, students demonstrated shared and gained knowledge, respect for other disciplines, the desire to advocate for multidisciplinary rounds, and collaborated while problem-solving. The faculty focus group reported observing students better understanding their roles, awareness and appreciation of other disciplines, and the importance of interprofessional collaboration. Altogether, these common themes found within both focus groups provide evidence that an IPE simulation event enhances successful improvement in student perceptions of IPE, future learning outcomes, and knowledge of other professions

Lack of serologic evidence to link IgA nephropathy with celiac disease or immune reactivity to gluten.

IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Mucosal infections and food antigens, including wheat gluten, have been proposed as potential contributing environmental factors. Increased immune reactivity to gluten and/or association with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten, have been reported in IgA nephropathy. However, studies are inconsistent about this association. We aimed to evaluate the proposed link between IgA nephropathy and celiac disease or immune reactivity to gluten by conducting a comprehensive analysis of associated serologic markers in cohorts of well-characterized patients and controls. Study participants included patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (n = 99), unaffected controls of similar age, gender, and race (n = 96), and patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease (n = 30). All serum specimens were tested for IgG and IgA antibodies to native gliadin and deamidated gliadin, as well as IgA antibody to transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Anti-TG2 antibody-positive nephropathy patients and unaffected controls were subsequently tested for IgA anti-endomysial antibody and genotyped for celiac disease-associated HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 alleles. In comparison to unaffected controls, there was not a statistically significant increase in IgA or IgG antibody reactivity to gliadin in individuals with IgA nephropathy. In addition, the levels of celiac disease-specific serologic markers, i.e., antibodies to deamidated gliadin and TG2, did not differ between IgA nephropathy patients and unaffected controls. Results of the additional anti-endomysial antibody testing and HLA genotyping were corroborative. The data from this case-control study do not reveal any evidence to suggest a significant role for celiac disease or immune reactivity to gluten in IgA nephropathy

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohorts.

1<p>ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.</p

Mean levels of A) IgA anti-human TG2, B) IgA anti-deamidated gliadin, and C) IgG anti-deamidated gliadin in IgAN patients and unaffected controls, as well as individuals with celiac disease.

<p>Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *** = <i>p</i><0.001.</p

Antibody and HLA data for the anti-TG2 antibody-positive patients and controls.

1<p>Measured by ELISA (cutoff = 1.0).</p>2<p>Detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.</p>3<p>DQ2 = DQA1*0501/0505-DQB1*0201/0202; DQ8 = DQA1*03-DQB1*0302.</p

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of homobimetallic complexes of palladium(II) with 2-thiouracil ligands: Crystal structure of [Pd2(TU)(PPh3)3Cl2]

Square planar metallic and homonuclear bimetallic complexes of Pd(II) with 2-thiouracil (HTU) and organophosphines have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and multinuclear 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy. The thiouracil ligand TU acts as bidentate, is bound through the thioxo moiety and the endo amino group and forms a bridge between a PdCl(R3P) and a PdCl(R3P)2 moiety [R3P = Ph3P (o-tolyl)3P, ClPh2P] in the homonuclear bimetallic complexes. The square planar geometry around Pd(II) has been confirmed for these complexes by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of compound 1, [Pd2(TU)(PPh3)3Cl2]. These compounds were also screened against human tumor cell lines and showed promising in vitro cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.FLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo