Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate-Modified Biochar as An Adsorbent for The Removal of Methylene Blue

Biochar is an interesting adsorbent material due to its use is correlated with biomass waste utilization and also minimize environmental pollution from high amount of biomass by-product. Regarding to improve the biochar ability in water treatment, several surface modifications have been developed, one of them is modification using surfactant. In this study, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used to modify the surface of biochar prepared from pyrolysis of cassava peels (Manihot utilissima). Its performance in biochar modification to remove methylene blue (MB) dyes was compared with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant for observing the important of – interactions mechanisms. The analysis of biochar and biochar-SDBS were conducted by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CHNS elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the adsorption experiments were conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It is known that modification using SDBS could increase the adsorption capacity of biochar not only from electrostatic interaction but also through – interactions mechanisms. In this respect, as the amount of SDBS mass increased, the adsorption capacity was also improved due to the modification produced more active cites on biochar. The maximum MB adsorption onto biochar-SDBS occurred at adsorbent mass of 15 mg with optimum pH value of 10. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Penentuan Kadar Vitamin C dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Buah Carica (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis) Wonosobo

The content of vitamin C information in carica fruit is very important because it can improvethe marketability of this fruit. The potential of Carica fruit as antioxidants agent hasn’t beenstudied by the researchers. It’s made Carica fruit are interesting to be studied, so theresearchers conducted this study to determine the vitamin C contain and the antioxidant activityof Carica fruit that grows in Wonosobo.This study was started by the preparation of the Carica fruit to obatined Carica fruitsolution. So that the total content of organic acids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity ofCarica fruit solution could be analyzed. The organic acid content analysis of Carica fruit solutionwas performed by alkalimetric method. The ascorbic acid content analyses were performed byUV-Vis Spectrophotometry, and analysis of antioxidant activity were performed with DPPHmethod.The organic acids total concentration of Carica fruit solution was equal to 0,4 N. Theascorbic acid concentration of Carica fruit solution was 1560 ppm and The C50 value of Caricafruit obtained from sample solution by 118x dilution or equivalent to 17 gram of Carica fruit.Informasi mengenai kandungan vitamin C dalam buah carica (Vasconcelleacundinamarcensis) sangatlah penting karena dapat meningkatkan daya jual buah tersebut.Selain itu, potensi buah carica sebagai antioksidan belum banyak diteliti oleh kalangan peneliti.Kedua hal tersebut merupakan suatu kajian yang menarik, sehingga peneliti melakukan kajianini yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar vitamin C dan aktivitas antioksidan dari buahCarica yang tumbuh di daerah Wonosobo.Penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan preparasi pada buah Carica sehingga didapatkanlarutan buah Carica. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kandungan asam organik total, asamaskorbat, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Analisis kandungan asam organik dilakukan menggunakanmetode titrasi alkalimetri, analisis kandungan asam askorbat dilakukan dengan spektrofotometriUV-Vis, dan analisis aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH.Hasil yang diperoleh, konsentrasi asam organik total dalam sampel buah Carica adalahsetara dengan 0,4 N. Kandungan asam askorbat dalam sampel buah Carica adalah sebesar1560 ppm dan Nilai IC50 dari buah Carica didapatkan dari larutan sampel dengan pengenceran118x atau setara dengan buah Carica dengan berat 17 gram

Preparation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stabilised by highly branched hydrocarbon surfactants and dispersed in natural rubber latex nanocomposites

The performance of single-, double- and triple-chain anionic sulphosuccinate surfactants for dispersing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) in natural rubber latex (NR-latex) was studied using a range of techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The conductivities of the nanocomposites were also investigated using four-point probe measurements. Here, MWCNTs were efficiently dispersed in NR-latex with the aid of hyperbranched tri-chain sulphosuccinate anionic surfactants, specifically sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14). This paper highlights that TC14 performs much better than that of the commercially available surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), demonstrating how careful consideration of surfactant architecture leads to improved dispersibility of MWCNTs in NR-latex. The results should be of significant interest for improving nanowiring applications suitable for aerospace-based technology.Malaysia Toray Science Foundation (Grant 2012-0138-102-11)National Nanotechnology Directorate Division (Research Grant 2014-0015-102-03)Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (Research Grant 2012-0113-102-01)Malaysia. Ministry of Education (Research Acculturation Grant Scheme. Grant 2013-0001-101-72)JEOL Ltd

Preparation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stabilised by highly branched hydrocarbon surfactants and dispersed in natural rubber latex nanocomposites

The performance of single-, double- and triple-chain anionic sulphosuccinate surfactants for dispersing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) in natural rubber latex (NR-latex) was studied using a range of techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The conductivities of the nanocomposites were also investigated using four-point probe measurements. Here, MWCNTs were efficiently dispersed in NR-latex with the aid of hyperbranched tri-chain sulphosuccinate anionic surfactants, specifically sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14). This paper highlights that TC14 performs much better than that of the commercially available surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), demonstrating how careful consideration of surfactant architecture leads to improved dispersibility of MWCNTs in NR-latex. The results should be of significant interest for improving nanowiring applications suitable for aerospace-based technology.</p

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KITOSAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK SELULOSA BAKTERI DARI AIR KELAPA (Cocos nucifera)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi kitosan yang dapat menghasilkan selulosa-kitosan bakteri dengan sifat mekanik optimum dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kitosan terhadap sifat mekanik, gugus fungsi, foto penampang lintang, dan kristalinitas selulosa bakteri dari air kelapa. Setelah melalui proses fermentasi selama 5 hari, selulosa bakteri dikeringkan. Selulosa-kitosan bakteri dibuat dengan cara merendam selulosa bakteri kering di dalam larutan kitosan 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; dan 3,0% (m/v) selama 6 jam. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi uji sifat mekanik menggunakan tensile tester, uji kristalinitas menggunakan XRD(X-Ray Diffraction), uji gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), dan uji foto penampang melintang menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Selulosa-kitosan bakteri 0,5% memiliki sifat mekanik optimum. Penambahan kitosan dapat menurunkan perpanjangan saat putus, meningkatkan kuat putus, dan meningkatkan modulus Young selulosa bakteri. Kristalinitas menurun dengan penambahan kitosan 0,5% dari 30,43% menjadi 15,38%. Hasil uji gugus fungsi menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara selulosa bakteri dengan molekul kitosan. Selain itu, foto SEM menunujukkan bahwa selulosa bakteri terdiri dari benang-benang fibril yang rapat sehingga dapat membentuk lapisan sedangkan selulosa-kitosan bakteri 0,5% terdiri dari lapisan-lapisan yang terdiri dari lapisan selulosa bakteri dan lapisan kitosan. Kata Kunci: Kitosan, Selulosa Bakteri, Selulosa-Kitosan Bakteri, dan Sifat Mekanik

Pengaruh Penambahan 1,4-Butanadiol dan Polietilen Glikol (PEG) 1000 terhadap Kemudahan Biodegradasi Bioplastik dari Biji Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

The influences of plasticizer on the biodegradability of bioplastic film synthesized from starch obtained from jackfruit seeds with a help of Acetobacter xylinum were investigated. In this study, 1,4-butanediol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 were used as plasticizer. The biodegradation behavior of the resulted bioplastic films was characterized by calculating changes in their mass loss and rate of mass loss. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also conducted to analyze theirfunctional group. The results shows that all the bioplastic films were well biodegradated, where PEG 1000 with concentration of 0,5% and 1,0% can successfully improve the biodegradability of bioplasticfilm. Meanwhile, the used of 1,4-butanediol with concentration of 0,5% and 1,0% can increase and decrease the biodegradability of sample, respectively.</span

Effectiveness of activated carbon magnetic composite from banana peel (Musa acuminata) for recovering iron metal ions

Banana peel (Musa Acuminata) contains cellulose that can be used as a carbon-making material. In this study, the activated carbon from banana peel was modified with magnetite to recover iron metal ions in the solution. The manufacture of carbon from banana peels was done by carbonization at a temperature of 450 °C and activated under alkaline conditions with NaOH. The synthesis of activated carbon magnetite composite used FeCl3 and FeSO4 as precursors. The synthesized material was characterized by TGA, FTIR, XRD, and VSM. The thermal stability of activated carbon has increased after the activation process with NaOH. The magnetite composite has formed with saturation magnetization value (Ms) of 14.06 emu/g which is superparamagnetic material. The acidity of the adsorption system influenced this biosorbent effectiveness for the adsorption of iron metal ions in solution. The most optimal adsorption conditions occurred at a pH 6. The optimal adsorption condition is consistent with the Fe(II) adsorption kinetics model using ACM, namely pseudo-second-order with qe = 10.020 mg g−1. The variations in pH affect the Fe(II) adsorption process with ACM, but the adsorption time did not affect the Fe(II) adsorption process with ACM. The adsorption process of Fe(II) with ACM can run optimally in the range of pH ≥ 6 (base condition). The adsorption process at various pH systems did not affect the structure of the activated carbon magnetite (ACM)