Efecto de la raza y el sistema de lactancia sobre el ph y la textura de la carne de cabritos de 5 razas españolas: abstract

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Efecto de la raza y el sistema de lactancia sobre el color de la carne de cabritos de 5 razas españolas

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Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Uso de herramientas web para la enseñanza de la gran explosión y cuerpos cósmicos con estudiantes de nivel secundaria

Collaborative learning is a strategy that organizes classroom activities in order to generate social and academic learning experience in it, students work in groups. In this paper the effectiveness of the implementation of this strategy is reported using a web page designed for this purpose with a group of second graders of secondary (group A) and compared with a group that took normal classes (group B). An analysis of standardized conceptual gain was performed and it was found that group A was higher than group B, which indicates that there was this strategy along with that web page was that improved understanding of the concepts about Astronomy and Cosmology in student’s high school. According to these results, it is intended to design an online course on these issues to go a step further in using digital tools for teaching physics to secondary level

Células Granulares Eosinofílicas/Células Mast (CGE/MC) y su relación con los efectos de herbicidas: Caso del Glifosato y surfactantes acompañantes en peces

The mast cells of the immune system, which in fish are referred to as eosinophilic granule cells (EGC), have been related to different types of physiological and pathological responses in fish. Recently, there is increased scientific interest related to these cells' participation in reactions to water pollution, against infectious agents, and lastly, their use as models for studying the allergic and neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Numerous studies in various species of teleost have shown that the behavior of CGE/MC are relevant for studying anti-infective mechanisms. Also, researchers have studied their response to exposure to pollutants, such as herbicides, which can interfere with the nervous and olifactory systems of fish. This review of the literature shows data from various studies on mast cells of fish which suggest the importance of them being a good biomarker to contaminants. This review emphasizes the participation in the responses of different organs and tissues from exposure to herbicides such as glyphosate and accompanying surfactants in the mixtures that are sprayed, and the morphological, physiological, and pathological role, and some possible ways to study them as well in the nervous system, especially compared to sublethal exposures to pesticides.Os mastócitos (MC), células de grânulos de eosinófilos (CGE) ou peixe mastócitos pertencem ao sistema imunitário têm sido relacionadas com diferentes tipos de respostas fisiológicas e patológicas em peixes. Recentemente, tem aumentado o interesse científico relacionado com a sua participação nas reacções à poluição da água, também, contra agentes infecciosos e ultimamente como modelos para estudar doenças dos peixes envolvendo doenças alérgicas e doenças neurodegenerativas em humanos. Numerosos estudos em diversas espécies de teleósteos mostraram que o comportamento de CGE/MC são relevantes para o estudo de mecanismos de anti-infecciosos. Além disso, nós estudamos a sua resposta à exposição a poluentes, tais como herbicidas, que podem interferir com o sistema nervoso e o cheiro de peixe. Dados de emprego em mastócitos e peixe é também a estudar a importância de biomarcador sugeriu aos contaminantes. Nesta revisão sua participação nas respostas dos diferentes órgãos e tecidos da exposição a herbicidas, como companheiros de glifosato e surfactantes polvilhado em misturas, morfologia, papel fisiológico e patológico é enfatizada, e algumas maneiras possíveis para estudá-los no sistema nervoso, especialmente em comparação com as exposições subletais a pesticidas.Los Mastocitos, Células Granulares Eosinofílicas (CGE) o células Mast de los peces (MC) pertenecientes al sistema inmune, han sido relacionadas en diferentes tipos de respuestas fisiológicas y patológicas en peces. Recientemente, se ha incrementado el interés científico relacionado con su participación en reacciones ante contaminantes acuáticos, así mismo, frente a agentes infecciosos y últimamente como modelos de peces para estudiar enfermedades que involucran desordenes alérgicos y alteraciones neurodegenerativas en los seres humanos. Numerosos trabajos en varias especies de teleósteos han demostrado que los comportamientos de CGE/MC son relevantes para estudiar mecanismos anti-infecciosos. Así mismo, se ha estudiado su respuesta ante la exposición a contaminantes tales como los herbicidas, que pueden interferir con el sistema nervioso y el olfato de los peces. Se muestran datos de trabajos sobre mastocitos de peces y se sugiere la importancia de estudiarlas también como biomarcador ante contaminantes. En esta revisión se enfatiza su participación en las respuestas de diferentes órganos y tejidos ante la exposición a herbicidas como el glifosato y los surfactantes acompañantes en las mezclas asperjadas, su morfología, su papel fisiológico y patológico, y sobre algunas posibles formas de estudiarlas en el sistema nervioso, especialmente, frente a exposiciones subletales a pesticidas