The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review

زمینه و هدف: گروه پرستاری یکی از گروه‌های عمده در تیم بهداشتی، درمانی می‌باشد که خدمات آنان بسیار تعیین‌کننده و تأثیرگذار است. حرفه پرستاری حرفه‌ای جدید نبوده، بلکه ریشه در قرون گذشته دارد. می‌خواهیم دوباره به آغاز برگردیم و با مرور کلی تاریخ پرستاری در ایران و با استفاده از واقعیت‌های تاریخی، آموزه‌هایی را برای ارتقای پرستاری معاصر در اختیار گیریم. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک مطالعه مروری ـ روایتی می‌باشد که با استفاده از کتب و مقالات چاپ‌شده در زمینه تاریخ پرستاری ایران با جستجو در پایگاه‌های علمی انجام شده است. برای بررسی تحولات پرستاری، از الگو Bryant-Lukosius استفاده شده است که الگویی برای بررسی متون در سیستم‌های بهداشتی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه ابتدا هر دوره تاریخی، معرفی و موارد تاریخی مهم در هر دوره توضیح داده شدند و در نهایت تأثیراتی که این دوره بر مسائل اخیر پرستاری ایران بر جای گذاشته است، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته شده است. یافته‌ها: بنا به مقتضیات، پرستاری در ایران فراز و نشیب‌های زیادی را پشت سر نهاده است. پرستاری تجربی در ایران با تأثیر از آموزش پرستاری ایالات متحده امریکا و انگلستان به پرستاری آکادمی تبدیل شد. با شروع انقلاب اسلامی و جنگ و افزایش نیاز، فلسفه و مدل‌های آموزشی پرستاری دچار تغییراتی شد. با اتمام جنگ و تأسیس وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، سازمان نظام پرستاری و هیأت برد پرستاری زمینه‌های رشد حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران پایه‌ریزی شد، ولی همچنان مسائل مهمی در پرستاری ایران وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به مسائل مطرحی که هم‌اکنون در پرستاری در جریان می‌باشد، باید از تجارب گذشته در جهت پیشرفت و ارتقای کیفیت پرستاری و حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران استفاده نمود.Background and Aim: The nursing group is one of the major groups in the health and treatment team whose services are very determinative and influential. The profession of nursing is not new, but rooted in the past centuries. We want to go back to the beginning and review the history of nursing in Iran and use historical facts to teach us about the advancement of contemporary nursing. Materials and Methods: This is a Narrative review article that using books and articles published in the field of nursing history in Iran by searching scientific databases. To investigate the evolution in nursing, the Bryant-Lukosius Framework has been used as a framework for reviewing texts in health systems. This framework includes three stages of introduction, implementation and sustainability. In this study, each historical period was first introduced, then major historical items were explained in each course. Finally, the effects of this course on recent issues of Iranian nursing have been discussed. Findings: According to the requirements, Nursing has had many ups and downs in Iran. Experimental nursing in Iran became a nursing academy with the effect of nursing education from the United States and England. With the onset of Islamic revolution and war and increasing need, philosophy and nursing education models were changed. With the end of the war and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Nursing Organization and Nursing Board were founded the areas for nursing professionalism in Iran. But there are still major issues in Iranian nursing. Conclusion: Given the issues that are currently in nursing, we must use past experiences to improve nursing quality and nurse professionalism in Iran.       Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104

Designing and Validating Novel Scales for the Evaluation of Curriculum in Terms of Ethics and Justice

Introduction: Regarding the importance of ethics and specifically justice, the most basic concept in the realm of ethics, in designing curriculums and considering the importance of curricula in the development of the country, this study aimed to design novel scales to evaluate curricula in terms of ethics and justice. Methods: This developmental and psychometric study was performed in the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Tabriz in the year 2018. To develop the initial scales, initially, the related literature was reviewed to define ethics, justice and curriculum, and then the Scale items were presented. To confirm the face and content validity of the scales, qualitative methods as well as descriptive statistics were used. Moreover, the reliability of the scales was computed via Inter-rater reliability coefficient (Kappa) and internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). Results: Initially, the scales for the evaluation of ethics and justice were developed, each containing 25 and 39 items respectively. After quantitative and qualitative measurement of the face and content validity of the scales, the total number of the items in the scale of ethics increased to 28 items and that of justice declined to 32 items. The content validity of the whole scales based on S-CVI/Ave was 96.34 and 89.07 respectively. Moreover, the kappa coefficient of each scale was 0.87 and 0.81 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.76 and 0/92 respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the scales for the evaluation of the curriculum in terms of ethics and justice were developed, which can examine curriculum in terms of applying the required principles of healthcare ethics. It is recommended to use pilot scales in other educational environments

Parental supporter during pediatric resuscitation:Qualitative exploration of caregivers' and healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions

Child resuscitation is a critical and stressful time for family caregivers and healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to explore caregivers' and healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of a parental supporter during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation to provide guidance to healthcare professionals on supporting parents and other family caregivers during resuscitation. This study used an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. The setting was two large referral pediatric governmental hospitals. Participants were 17 caregivers who had experienced their child's resuscitation, and 13 healthcare professionals who served on resuscitation teams in emergency rooms or intensive care wards. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. COREQ guidelines were followed. Participants shared their experiences and perceptions of a parental supporter during pediatric resuscitation in three themes: 1) Requirement for the presence of a parental supporter, 2) Expectations of the parental supporter, and 3) Characteristics of the parental supporter. Study findings highlight the need for a parental supporter during pediatric resuscitation; however, there is no defined parental supporter role in current guiding policies due to limited research on this role. More research on the parental supporter role is needed so effective policies and protocols can be developed to enhance family-centered care practices in pediatric emergency and acute care settings. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.