W+−H+W^+-H^+ Interference and Partial Width Asymmetry in Top and Antitop Decays

We re-examine the question of a possible difference in the partial decay widths of $t$ and $\overline t$, induced by an intermediate scalar boson $H^+$ with $CP$-violating couplings. The interference of $W^+$ and $H^+$ exchanges is analysed by constructing the $2\times 2$ propagator matrix of the $W^+-H^+$ system, and determining its absorptive part in terms of fermion loops. Results are obtained for the partial rate difference in the channels $t\to bl^+\nu_l$ and $t\to bc\overline s$, which fulfil explicitly the constraints of $CPT$ invariance. These results are contrasted with those in previous work.Comment: 14 pages, report PITHA 94/1

Energy Spectra and Energy Correlations in the Decay H→ZZ→μ+μ−μ+μ−H\to ZZ\to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-

It is shown that in the sequential decay $H\to ZZ\to (f_1\bar{f_1})+ (f_2\bar{f_2})$, the energy distribution of the final state particles provides a simple and powerful test of the $HZZ$ vertex. For a standard Higgs boson, the energy spectrum of any final fermion, in the rest frame of $H$, is predicted to be $d\Gamma /dx\sim 1+\beta^4-2(x-1)^2$, with $\beta = \sqrt{1-4m^2_Z/m^2_H}$ and $1-\beta \le x=4E/m_H\le 1+\beta$. By contrast, the spectrum for a pseudoscalar Higgs is $d\Gamma /dx \sim \beta^2+(x-1)^2$. There are characteristic energy correlations between $f_1$ and $f_2$ and between $f_1$ and $\bar{f_2}$. These considerations are applied to the ``gold--plated'' reaction $H\to ZZ\to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$, including possible effects of CP--violation in the $HZZ$ coupling. Our formalism also yields the energy spectra and correlations of leptons in the decay $H\to W^+W^-\to l^+\nu_ll^- \bar{\nu_l}$.Comment: 14 pages + 4 figure

Discovering Authentic Self through Healing Relationships: An Inquiry of Implementing Alcoholics Anonymous Theoretical Philosophies to Parenting in Sobriety

This qualitative research study investigated how recovering mothers implemented Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) theoretical philosophies when parenting their children and explored how healing relationships between sober mothers and their children cultivated authenticity, promoted inner healing and improved parent-child relationships. Sober mothers were asked what twelve step concepts they utilized with their children and reflected on how their own recovery experiences helped them to discover their ‘true’ selves. I conducted eight qualitative interviews with sober mothers who attended Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA) along with Crystal Meth Anonymous (CMA) and were parenting children, or had previous parenting experiences, to explore any holistic advantages of parenting in sobriety and gain knowledge of the AA theoretical philosophies these sober mothers implemented with their children. This research study primarily focused on how sober mothers integrated concepts and practices from their twelve step recovery experiences with their children to develop healing relationships and examined how these healing relationships impacted the inner healing and self-discovery process for sober mothers. I used content analysis, which generated conceptual themes, and compared these generated themes to understand the implications associated with an interpretative phenomenology approach to self-transformation while parenting in sobriety. This research study demonstrates how twelve step ideologies reflect a holistic philosophy. Additionally, this qualitative research study might help clinical professionals to better understand the needs of sober mothers and the potential utilization of concepts from twelve step recovery programs which, when applied with children, promoted adaptive parenting skills and fostered inner healing as well as family resiliency. As a result, clinical professionals can put into practice the information on the use of AA theoretical philosophies as holistic approaches to endorse healing relationships during sobriety in order to support recovering chemically dependent parents

Effects of Hand Position During a Push-Up on Scapular Kinematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand position and elbow flexion angle on scapular kinematics in a traditional push up exercise. Sixteen healthy subjects (11 males, 5 females, age 20.50 ± 5.25 yrs.) participated in the study. Following a standardized warm-up subjects were instrumented. Kinematic data was collected via the Polhemus Fastrak magnetic tracking system. Following digitization, subjects assumed a push-up position. A 10-cm wood block was positioned on the floor to control for push-up depth. Subjects performed push-ups with their hands in a standard position, wide, and narrow. Subjects performed three repetitions of each condition to a 4-second count. During the concentric phase in each condition, mean scapular orientations were measured during an elbow extension range of motion (ROM) of 90º - 30º. There was no significant interaction between elbow flexion and hand position for scapular upward rotation (UR) (p = .938) and no main effect of elbow flexion for UR (p = .232). There was a main effect of hand position on UR (p \u3c .001). Pairwise comparisons indicated that standard and narrow conditions showed greater UR than wide (p = .001 and p = .002, respectively). However, no significant difference was seen between standard and narrow conditions (p = .091). There was no significant interaction between elbow flexion and hand position for posterior tilt (PT) (p = .821). There was a main effect of hand position of on PT (p = .001). There was no significant main effect of elbow angle (p = .218). Narrow hand position and significantly higher PT than wide (p = .004). There was no interaction between elbow flexion and hand position on external rotation (ER) (p = .073). There were main effects of both hand position (p = .021) and elbow flexion (p \u3c .001) on ER. ER decreased linearly with elbow extension (p \u3c .001)