Valoración económica por la mejora del sistema de recolección, transporte y limpieza pública de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Putina - 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal, evaluar la valoración económica asignada por los hogares a la mejora del sistema de recolección, transporte y limpieza pública de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Putina – 2020. La metodología utilizada fue el Método de Valoración Contingente, que permitió estimar la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) de los hogares, para ello se empleó los modelos probabilísticos logit - probit, teniendo como variables principales: precio hipotético a pagar, ingreso familiar, nivel educativo del jefe de hogar, edad, género, número de integrantes familiar, limpieza pública, nivel de satisfacción con el sistema de recolección de RS y gestión municipal. Por ende, para la recolección de datos se realizó una encuesta a 250 hogares del distrito de Putina que posteriormente fueron procesadas en el programa STATA. Los resultados demostraron una DAP promedio de S/ 5.61 mensuales por hogar en la zona urbana, este monto nos indica el valor que le asigna cada hogar al beneficio que generaría el proyecto. Por otro lado, se realizó la valoración de estructura de costos con la finalidad de optimizar el manejo económico del presupuesto asignado para el proyecto, para ello la suma que se busca invertir en la ejecución del proyecto asciende en un total de S/ 949,330.09 soles anual. Finalmente, se efectuó la evaluación financiera a través del análisis costo beneficio, obteniéndose un flujo de caja sin financiamiento con VAN de S/. 450,370.80 y TIR de 59%; y con financiamiento el VAN fue de S /. 17,291.19 y la TIR de 21% para un periodo de 5 años, siendo para ambas alternativas viables.Tesi

Bacterial cell-wall quantification by a modified low volume Nelson-Somogyi method and its use with different sugars

The study of peptidoglycan binding proteins frequently requires in vitro binding assays in which the isolated peptidoglycan used as substrate has to be carefully quantified. Here we describe an easy and sensitive assay for the quantification of peptidoglycan based on a modified Nelson-Somogyi reducing sugar assay. We report the response of this assay to different common sugars and adapt its use to peptidoglycan samples that have been subjected to acid hydrolysis. This method showed a better sensitivity than the peptidoglycan quantification method based on the acid detection of diaminopimelic acid. The method described in this work besides being valuable in the characterization of peptidoglycan binding proteins, is also useful for quantification of reducing monosaccharides or of polysaccharides after acid or hydrolysis.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially